User:Mr. Ibrahem/Strabismus
| Strabismus | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Heterotropia, crossed eyes, squint[1] |
 | |
| A person with exotropia, an outward deviated eye | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Symptoms | Nonaligned eyes[2] |
| Complications | Amblyopia, double vision[3] |
| Types | Esotropia (eyes crossed); exotropia (eyes diverge); hypertropia (eyes vertically misaligned)[3] |
| Causes | Muscle dysfunction, farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma, infections[3] |
| Risk factors | Premature birth, cerebral palsy, family history[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Observing light reflected from the pupil[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Cranial nerve disease[3] |
| Treatment | Glasses, surgery[3] |
| Frequency | ~2% (children)[3] |
Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object.[2] The eye that is focused on an object can alternate.[3] The condition may be present occasionally or constantly.[3] If present during a large part of childhood, it may result in amblyopia or loss of depth perception.[3] If onset is during adulthood, it is more likely to result in double vision.[3]
Strabismus can occur due to muscle dysfunction, farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma or infections.[3] Risk factors include premature birth, cerebral palsy and a family history of the condition.[3] Types include esotropia, where the eyes are crossed ("cross eyed"); exotropia, where the eyes diverge ("lazy eyed" or "wall eyed"); and hypertropia where they are vertically misaligned.[3] They can also be classified by whether the problem is present in all directions a person looks (comitant) or varies by direction (incomitant).[3] Diagnosis may be made by observing the light reflecting from the person's eyes and finding that it is not centered on the pupil.[3] Another condition that produces similar symptoms is a cranial nerve disease.[3]
Treatment depends on the type of strabismus and the underlying cause.[3] This may include the use of glasses and possibly surgery.[3] Some types benefit from early surgery.[3] Strabismus occurs in about 2% of children.[3] The term is from the Greek strabismós, meaning "to squint".[4] Other terms for the condition include "squint" and "cast of the eye".[5][6][7] "Wall-eye" has been used when the eyes turn away from each other.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Strabismus noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary". www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
- ^ a b "Visual Processing: Strabismus". National Eye Institute. National Institutes of Health. June 16, 2010. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Gunton KB, Wasserman BN, DeBenedictis C (September 2015). "Strabismus". Primary Care. 42 (3): 393–407. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.05.006. PMID 26319345.
- ^ "strabismus (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. Archived from the original on December 12, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
- ^ Brown, Lesley (1993). The New shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles. Oxford: Clarendon. pp. Strabismus. ISBN 978-0-19-861271-1.
- ^ "strabismus". English: Oxford Living Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. 2016. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
- ^ "the definition of squint". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- ^ "wall eye". English: Oxford Living Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.