User:Mr. Ibrahem/Restless legs syndrome
| Restless legs syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Willis–Ekbom disease (WED),[1] Wittmaack–Ekbom syndrome |
 | |
| Sleep pattern of a person with restless legs syndrome (red) versus a healthy sleep pattern (blue) | |
| Specialty | Sleep medicine |
| Symptoms | Unpleasant feeling in the legs that briefly improves with moving them[2] |
| Complications | Daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, sadness[2] |
| Usual onset | More common with older age[3] |
| Risk factors | Low iron levels, kidney failure, Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy, certain medications[2][4][5] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms after ruling out other possible causes[6] |
| Treatment | Lifestyle changes, medication[2] |
| Medication | Levodopa, dopamine agonists, gabapentin[4] |
| Frequency | 2.5–15% (US)[4] |
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is generally a long-term disorder that causes a strong urge to move one's legs.[2][7] There is often an unpleasant feeling in the legs that improves somewhat by moving them.[2] This is often described as aching, tingling, or crawling in nature.[2] Occasionally, arms may also be affected.[2] The feelings generally happen when at rest and therefore can make it hard to sleep.[2] Due to the disturbance in sleep, people with RLS may have daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability and a depressed mood.[2] Additionally, many have limb twitching during sleep.[8]
Risk factors for RLS include low iron levels, kidney failure, Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy, and coeliac disease.[2][4][9] A number of medications may also trigger the disorder including antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihistamines, and calcium channel blockers.[5] There are two main types.[2] One is early onset RLS which starts before age 45, runs in families and worsens over time.[2] The other is late onset RLS which begins after age 45, starts suddenly, and does not worsen.[2] Diagnosis is generally based on a person's symptoms after ruling out other potential causes.[6]
Restless leg syndrome may resolve if the underlying problem is addressed.[10] Otherwise treatment includes lifestyle changes and medication.[2] Lifestyle changes that may help include stopping alcohol and tobacco use, and sleep hygiene.[10] Medications used include levodopa or a dopamine agonist such as pramipexole.[4] RLS affects an estimated 2.5–15% of the American population.[4] Females are more commonly affected than males, and it becomes increasingly common with age.[3][11]
References
[edit]- ^ "Restless Legs Syndrome Fact Sheet | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke". Ninds.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "What Is Restless Legs Syndrome?". NHLBI. November 1, 2010. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Who Is at Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome?". NHLBI. November 1, 2010. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Ramar, K; Olson, EJ (Aug 15, 2013). "Management of common sleep disorders". American Family Physician. 88 (4): 231–8. PMID 23944726.
- ^ a b "What Causes Restless Legs Syndrome?". NHLBI. November 1, 2010. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ a b "How Is Restless Legs Syndrome Diagnosed?". NHLBI. November 1, 2010. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ "Restless Legs Syndrome Information Page | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke". Ninds.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- ^ "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome?". NHLBI. November 1, 2010. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ Zis P, Hadjivassiliou M (2019). "Treatment of Neurological Manifestations of Gluten Sensitivity and Coeliac Disease". Curr Treat Options Neurol (Review). 21 (3): 10. doi:10.1007/s11940-019-0552-7. PMID 30806821.
- ^ a b "How Is Restless Legs Syndrome Treated?". NHLBI. November 1, 2010. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ Jankovic, Joseph; Lang, Anthony E. (2022). "24. Diagnosis and assessment of Parkinson Disease and other movement disorders". In Jankovic, Joseph; Mazziotta, John C.; Pomeroy, Scott L. (eds.). Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. Vol. I. Principles of diagnosis (8th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-323-64261-3. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-05-26.