User:Mr. Ibrahem/Levetiracetam
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Clinical data | |||
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Pronunciation | /lɛvɪtɪˈræsɪtæm/ | ||
Trade names | Keppra, Elepsia, other | ||
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph | ||
MedlinePlus | a699059 | ||
License data |
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Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous | ||
Drug class | Anticonvulsant (racetam) | ||
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Legal status | |||
Pharmacokinetic data | |||
Bioavailability | ~100% | ||
Protein binding | <10% | ||
Metabolism | Enzymatic hydrolysis of acetamide group | ||
Elimination half-life | 6–8 hrs | ||
Excretion | Urinary | ||
Identifiers | |||
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Chemical and physical data | |||
Formula | C8H14N2O2 | ||
Molar mass | 170.212 g·mol−1 | ||
3D model (JSmol) | |||
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Levetiracetam, marketed under the trade name Keppra among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy.[1] It is used for partial onset, myoclonic, or tonic-clonic seizures.[1] It is taken by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.[1]
Common side effects include sleepiness, dizziness, feeling tired, and aggression.[1] Severe side effects may include psychosis, suicide, and allergic reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome and anaphylaxis.[1] It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy but appears to be safe for use when breastfeeding.[3] It is the S-enantiomer of etiracetam.[4] How it works is not clear.[1]
Approved for medical use in the United States in 1999,[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[5] It is available as a generic medication.[6] A month's supply in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about £19.31 as of 2019.[6] In the United States, the wholesale cost of this amount is about US$4.50.[7] In 2020, it was the 92nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7 million prescriptions.[8][9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Levetiracetam Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
WHO2020DDD
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Levetiracetam Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
- ^ Cavanna, Andrea E. (2018). Behavioural Neurology of Anti-Epileptic Drugs: A Practical Guide. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780198791577. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
- ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
- ^ a b British national formulary: BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 319. ISBN 9780857113382.
- ^ "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
- ^ "Levetiracetam - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2022.