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Leyland Line
	House flag
Industry	Shipping
Founded	1873
Defunct	1935
Area served	North Atlantic

The Leyland Line was a British shipping transport line founded in 1873 by Frederick Richards Leyland after his apprenticeship in the firm of John Bibby, Sons & Co. After Frederick Leyland's death, the company was taken over by Sir John Ellerman in 1892. In 1902, the company was bought by the International Mercantile Marine Company and a portion of its fleet was withdrawn from service and transferred to the Ellerman Lines. The company was liquidated in 1935 after a period of declining influence due to the Great Depression.

History

Early history

Frederick Leyland was a longtime partner in John Bibby, Sons & Co which was based in Liverpool. In 1873 the Bibby family withdrew from the shipping business and Leyland set up his own shipping company. As the company was established in 1873, 21 former Bibby ships formed the basic equipment of Leyland's new company of cargo ships. The new company was officially called F. Leyland & Co. Ltd, but the name Leyland Line soon became established. Also inherited from the Bibby Line was the tradition of all ships other ending in "ian" or "ean" and the funnel with a black cap.^[1] The shipping company initially operated with a liner service to the Mediterranean, in 1875 the transatlantic service was opened with routes ran from Liverpool to Boston, Philadelphia and Portland. New York City was only occasionally called upon. The ships used by the shipping company were mainly cargo ships, some of which had few passenger facilities that only had transport for emigrants. The liner services developed well and the shipping company became the largest transatlantic freighter line. in 1888, Leyland retired from his active business leaving his son, Frederick Dawson Leyland, in charge of the line.^[2]^[3]

Under John Ellermann

With the death of Frederick Leyland in 1892, John Ellermann, Christopher Furness and Henry Withy took over the Leyland Line.^[3]^[2] Ellermann became managing director of the company and, in 1893, also took over the chairmanship of Frederick Leyland & Co. In 1896, Leyland set up a passenger service in cooperation with Furness Withy, from Liverpool to New York and the Canadian ports. In 1896, the Wilson Line was added and the joint service was called Wilson, Furness & Leyland Line. The cooperation was limited exclusively to this service. In 1899 Leyland took over the shipping company West India & Pacific Steamship Co. Ltd. and thus opened a liner service to the West Indies (Caribbean)^[2]

Decline and Fate

In 1902, the company was bought by the US banker J.P. Morgan and in 1904 the company was under the control of the International Mercantile Marine Company.^[4] Leyland line was given responsibility for the European part of the International Navigation Company but had to discontinue the Mediterranean service. Twenty non-emigration Leyland ships were not included in the sale. Later, John Ellerman acquired the London Papayanni Company to form the shipping company Ellerman Lines emerged shortly afterward, in the same year, a rationalization of services followed and Leyland withdrew their ships from service and transferred to John Ellerman's new company. In 1915 with the bankruptcy of the IMMC, the company looked into an uncertain future for the first time. The First World War, which had meanwhile broken out, also meant numerous ship losses for the shipping company. By the First World War and the 1920s, many ships of the Leyland Line transferred to other companies. With The Great Depression, many more ships were sold to other companies or scrapped and, in 1935, Leyland Line's last ship was sold and the company ceased in the same year.^[2]^[1]

Ships of the Leyland Line

The list of Leyland Line ships when they enter service for the company.^[2]

Name	Shipyard	GRT	Passengers	Launch date	Notes
Bavarian	Harland & Wolff	3,113	-	1869	Sold to J. Glynn & Son, Liverpool, 1892
Bohemian I	Harland & Wolff	3,113	-	1870	Sunk at Ireland, 1891
Bulgarian	Harland & Wolff	3,113	-	1870	Sunk at Ireland, 1885
Iberian I	Harland & Wolff	2,931	-	1867	Sunk at Cape Clear, 1885
Illyrian	Harland & Wolff	2,931	-	1867	Wrecked on Cape Clear, 1884
Istrian	Harland & Wolff	2,931	-	1867	Sold to Furness Withy, 1894
Egyptian	Harland & Wolff	2,137	-	1861	Broken up in 1902.
Persian	Harland & Wolff	2,137	-	1863	Broken up in 1902.
Arabian	Harland & Wolff	2,137	-	1866	Broken up in 1902.
Belgian	?	1,989	-	1855	Not much was known about her; and her career with the line.
Louisianian	Barclay Curle	3,643	-	1891	Broken up in 1924.
SS Cornishman	Harland and Wolff	5,749	-	1891	Scrapped in 1926.
SS Colonian	Harland and Wolff	6,583	40 passengers	1891	Scrapped in 1926.
SS Victorian	Harland & Wolff	2,152	-	1895	Torpedoed and sunk near Malta, 1916
Cestrian	Harland & Wolff	8,823	-	1896	Torpedoed and sunk in Aegean Sea, 1917
Londonian	Alexander Stephen and Sons	8,823	-	1896	Capsized and sank, 1898
Woolton	Oswald, Mordaunt & Co	2,152	-	2 May 1885	Sailed from Newcastle, New South Wales on 14 June 1893 for Valparaiso, Chile, with a cargo of coal and tallow, and disappeared during the voyage.
Anglian	-	5,532	-	2 May 1885	Torpedoed and sunk in English Channel, 1915
SS Armenian	Harland and Wolff	8,825	-	25 July 1895	Torpedoed and sunk by U-24 on 28 June 1915.
SS European	Harland and Wolff	8,249	60 passengers	9 July 1896	Scrapped at Genoa in 1933.
SS American	Harland and Wolff	8,249	60 passengers	8 August 1895	Scrapped at Genoa in 1932.
SS Asian	Caird & Company	5,613	-	August 4, 1898	Ran aground and broke up.
SS Antillian	Caird & Company	5,613	-	September 20, 1898	Scrapped in 1930.
SS Winifredian	Harland and Wolff	10,435	-	1899	Broken up in Italy, 1929.
Atlantian I	Armstrong-Whitworth	9,355	-	1899	torpedoed and sunk off Eagle's Rock, 1918
SS Devonian	Harland and Wolff	10,405	-	1900	Torpedoed and sunk in 1917.
Bohemian	Alexander Stephen and Sons	8,548	-	June 28, 1900	Ran aground in 1920.
SS Californian	Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company	6,223	47 passengers	26 November 1901	Best known for its inaction during the sinking of the RMS Titanic despite being the closest ship in the area. Sunk by German U-boat, 9 November 1915.
SS Hanoverian	R & W Hawthorn	13,507	1,550 passengers	25 February 1902	First sold to the Dominion Line, then sold to the White Star Line, before returning to the Leyland Line as Devonian and being chartered to Red Star Line. Scrapped in 1929.
Scottish	Harland and Wolff	18,084	-	8 October 1903	1907 sold to Hamburg America Line as President Lincoln, Sunk on 31 May 1918
Servian	Harland and Wolff	18,072	-	19 February 1903	1907 sold to Hamburg America Line as President Grant, became Troop transport during First and Second World War, Sold for scrap on 11 March 1952
SS Regina	Harland & Wolff	16,314	2,300 passengers	19 April 1917	became Troop transport during First World War. Scrapped in 1947.
SS Pennland	Harland & Wolff	16,322	2,100 passengers	11 November 1920	Sunk 25 April 1941.