User:Medstud15/Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Bibliography

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

• Song P, Zha M, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Rudan I. 2021. The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health.
  • This is a peer-reviewed systematic review and meta-analysis published in the Journal of Global Health in 2021, so it should be a reliable source. They sought to quantify the prevalence of ADHD specifically in adults world-wide, as most of the data on ADHD prevalence tends to be on children and adolescents. They reviewed and analyzed 40 studies on this topic that looked at prevalence rates in 30 different countries. They found prevalence rates for two subsets of ADHD in adults--what they distinguish as "symptomatic adult ADHD," who are adult patients who meet symptomatic diagnostic criteria for ADHD and "persistent adult ADHD," who are adult patients also meeting symptomatic diagnostic criteria for ADHD but with a confirmed onset of symptoms in childhood.
• Dobrosavljevic M, Solares C, Cortese S, Andershed H, Larsson H. 2020. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.
  • This is a peer-reviewed systematic review and meta-analysis published in the Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews journal in 2020, so it should be a reliable source. They sought to quantify a prevalence rate of ADHD in older adults, aged 50 or older. They reviewed and analyzed 20 studies published between 2005 and 2019. They determined prevalence rates of ADHD in older adults, which they found to be lower than prevalence rates of ADHD in young adults, supporting previous studies that have found that ADHD symptoms may decrease with age.
• Cénat JM, Blais-Rochette C, Morse C, et al. 2021. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among US Black Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry.
  • This is a peer-reviewed systematic review and meta-analysis published in JAMA Psychiatry in 2021, so it should be a reliable source. This is an important article because it quantifies prevalence rates of ADHD in Black individuals in the United States, a population that is historically underrepresented in medicine. They reviewed and analyzed 21 studies published between 1979 and 2020 and conducted in the US. Not only did this study determine prevalence rates of ADHD in Black individuals, but it also addressed potential risk factors for ADHD among this population.
• Hinshaw SP, Nguyen PT, O’Grady SM, Rosenthal EA. 2022. Annual Research Review: Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in girls and women: underrepresentation, longitudinal processes, and key directions. Child Psychology Psychiatry.
  • This is a peer-reviewed annual research review published in The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry in 2022, so it should be a reliable source. This review looks at the discrepancies in prevalence rates of ADHD in female versus male patients and what the causes and implications of these discrepancies may be. They also address the differences in symptom presentation of ADHD between the sexes and potential causes for these, as well as risks of comorbidities.
• Attoe DE, Climie EA. 2023. Miss. Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of ADHD in Adult Women. J Atten Disord.
  • This is a peer-reviewed systematic review published in the Journal of Attention Disorders in 2023, so it should be a reliable source. This review looks more specifically at ADHD in adult women who were diagnosed in adulthood. They reviewed and analyzed 8 articles to address the effects that a late diagnosis can have on female patients.
• Young S, Adamo N, Ásgeirsdóttir BB, et al. 2020. Females with ADHD: An expert consensus statement taking a lifespan approach providing guidance for the identification and treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in girls and women. BMC Psychiatry.
  • This is a peer reviewed expert consensus statement with a review of the research literature (citing over 200 sources) published in BMC Psychiatry in 2020, so it should be a reliable source. It looks at the way symptoms of ADHD presents in females of all ages, as well as how they are assessed and treating, looking at potential biases that affect referral for treatment.
• Taylor LE, Kaplan-Kahn EA, Lighthall RA, Antshel KM. 2022. Adult-Onset ADHD: A Critical Analysis and Alternative Explanations. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev.
  • This is a peer reviewed critical analysis and systematic review published in the journal Child Psychiatry & Human Development in 2022, so it should be a reliable source. It looks at existing research to assess whether "adult-onset ADHD" can be addressed as a separate entity from childhood-onset ADHD that persists into adulthood. Although it ultimately concludes that there is not sufficient reliable evidence to conclude that "adult-onset ADHD" can be treated as a separate diagnosis, it provides research-supported information to explain why people who meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD might have remained undiagnosed until adulthood.
• Beheshti A, Chavanon ML, Christiansen H. 2020. Emotion dysregulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry.
  • This is a peer reviewed-meta analysis published in BMC Psychiatry in 2020, so it should be a reliable source. It analyzed current research to determine whether there is sufficient data to consider emotion dysregulation a core symptom of ADHD, particularly as it pertains to diagnosing adults, since currently there is no consensus among experts as to what criteria should be used/included to diagnose adults with ADHD. Meanwhile, there is a lot of research that has shown that emotion dysregulation is an extremely common symptom among patients with ADHD that impairs their daily functioning, and unlike many other symptoms of ADHD, emotion dysregulation more commonly persists into adulthood, regardless of when someone is diagnosed with ADHD and/or if they have received any form of treatment for it.
• Soler-Gutiérrez AM, Pérez-González JC, Mayas J. 2023. Evidence of emotion dysregulation as a core symptom of adult ADHD: A systematic review. Tachibana Y, ed. PLoS ONE.
  • This is a peer reviewed systematic review published in the Public Library of Science ONE journal inn 2023, so it should be a reliable source. This review looked at current research to look more closely at emotion dysregulation as a symptom of ADHD and provide information on the ways in which emotion dysregulation manifests in people with ADHD. They also reviewed two studies that looked at brain function and activity of patients with ADHD while engaging in activities requiring emotional regulation to determine whether there are any differences in brain function between people with and without ADHD. They ultimately concluded (opposite the above meta-analysis) that because emotion dysregulation is a symptom that is also experienced by people with other psychiatric conditions (and without ADHD), they do not believe there is sufficient evidence to consider emotion dysregulation a "core symptom" of ADHD. Nonetheless, this review contains a lot of useful information that can be used in editing this Wikipedia article.
• Austgulen A, Skram NKG, Haavik J, Lundervold AJ. 2023. Risk factors of suicidal spectrum behaviors in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry.
  • This is a peer reviewed systematic review published in BMC Psychiatry in 2023, so it should be a reliable source. Previous research has demonstrated that patients with ADHD exhibit a higher likelihood of engaging in suicidal spectrum behaviors (SSBs), so this review looked at current research to asses whether there are any specific risk factors, beyond the baseline diagnosis, among patients with ADHD that increase their risk of engaging in SSBs. Through a systematic review of 40 articles, they determined that SSB probability among patients with ADHD is affected by severity and persistence of ADHD symptoms, sex/gender, familial and environmental factors, and perceived social functioning.

Outline of proposed changes

• Find updated/more recently published secondary literature to support the general information already in the article
  • Make changes/additions to general information as needed, based on updated research
  • Identified sources address:
    • Prevalence rates of ADHD in adults and older adults
• Rework currently existing sections on "Adult ADHD in Men" and "Adult ADHD in Women"
  • Rename:
    • ADHD Presentation in Adult Males
      • Main goal here is to find secondary literature to support current information, as currently cited sources are primary literature
      • Identified sources address:
        • Symptom presentation of ADHD in males
    • ADHD Presentation in Adult Females
      • This section requires more work:
        • Needs citations (most sentences currently not cited)
        • Current citations need to be replaced with secondary literature
        • Needs more accurate/current information on presentation of ADHD in females
        • Fix subconsciously subjective language so it reads more neutral/objective overall
      • Identified sources address:
        • Prevalence rates of ADHD in adults and older adults
        • Symptom presentation of ADHD in females and how these may differ from typical symptom presentations in males
        • Reasons why ADHD may be underdiagnosed in females and ways to address this to improve diagnosis of females
        • Comorbid conditions in females and how these may also impact diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in females
        • Impact of late diagnosis on females
• Depending on the secondary literature available, would also like to add a subsection titled "ADHD in Underrepresented Populations"
  • So far have only found one systematic review on the 'prevalence of ADHD in Black individuals in the US' but no secondary literature on its prevalence in Latine, Native American, or Asian populations
  • Due to lack of research in these particular populations, may consider changing/broadening this section to simply look at 'barriers to obtaining diagnosis of and treatment for ADHD'