User:MatChem121/sandbox
Appearance
Chemistry Project
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gegen_Ion_Pairs.png/500px-Gegen_Ion_Pairs.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Carbenium_ion_initiation.png/400px-Carbenium_ion_initiation.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Heterocyclic_monomers.png/250px-Heterocyclic_monomers.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ionizing_radiation_initiation.png/400px-Ionizing_radiation_initiation.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lewis_acid_initiation.png/400px-Lewis_acid_initiation.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Olefin_Reactivity.png/500px-Olefin_Reactivity.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Protic_acid_initiation.png/400px-Protic_acid_initiation.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Change_transfer_with_counter_ion.png/400px-Change_transfer_with_counter_ion.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Propagation_pathway2.png/400px-Propagation_pathway2.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Termination.png/400px-Termination.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Charge_transfer_with_monomer.png/400px-Charge_transfer_with_monomer.png)
Outline
Monomers
[edit]Olefins
[edit]- Presence of an electron-donating group
- Example: isobutylene
Heterocyclic monomers
[edit]- Ring strain
- Examples: lactones, lactams, cyclic amines, and cyclic ethers
Solvents
[edit]- Gegen ion effects
- Polar versus nonpolar solvents
Synthesis
[edit]Initiation
[edit]Classical protonic acids/acid surfaces
[edit]- Nucleophilicity of the anion
- Examples: perchloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids
Lewis acids/Friedel-Crafts catalysts
[edit]- Examples of Lewis acids: metal halides and their organometallic derivatives
- Cocatalyst for Lewis acids
- Examples: water, hydrogen halides, and alcohols
Carbenium ion salts
[edit]- Direct addition
- Hydride extraction
- Electron transfer
Propagation
[edit]- Counterion effect on rate of propagation
- Counterion position in reaction
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gegen_Ion_Pairs.png/500px-Gegen_Ion_Pairs.png)
- Useful temperature (170-190 K)
Termination
[edit]Unimolecular rearrangement
[edit]- Catalyst-cocatalyst complex regenerated
- Termination of the kinetic chain
Bimolecular transfer reactions
[edit]- Monomer-initiator complex regenerated
- No termination of the kinetic chain
Living Polymerization
[edit]- Link to living cationic polymerization Wiki page: Living cationic polymerization
Kinetics
[edit]- Steady-state conditions
Commercial Applications
[edit]- Examples: tackifiers, adhesives, sealants, moisture barriers, tubing