User:Ltn12345/sandbox1111
Xiong'an
雄安新区 | |
|---|---|
| Xiong'an New Area | |
 Xiong'an Citizen Service Center in Rongcheng County | |
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 Location of Xiong'an New Area in Hebei | |
  Xiong'an Location in Hebei  Xiong'an Xiong'an (Northern China)  Xiong'an Xiong'an (China) | |
| Coordinates: 39°02′55″N 115°54′13″E / 39.0484971°N 115.9037414°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hebei |
| Government | |
| • Party secretary | Zhang Guohua (张国华)[1] |
| Population (2021)[2] | |
| • Total | 1.29 million |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time) |
| GDP (2019) | 21.5 billion RMB[3] |
| Website | english.xiongan.gov.cn |
Xiong'an New Area (simplified Chinese: 雄安新区; traditional Chinese: 雄安新區; pinyin: Xióng'ān Xīnqū) is a state-level new area in the Baoding area of Hebei, China.[4] Established in April 2017, the area is located about 100 km southwest of Beijing and 50 km east of downtown Baoding. Its main function is to serve as a development hub for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) economic triangle. Additionally, "non-core" functions of the Chinese capital are expected to migrate here, including offices of some state-owned enterprises, government agencies, and research and development facilities.
The area covers the counties of Xiong, Rongcheng and Anxin. Its name is a compound of the first elements of the names of two of them: Xiong and Anxin.[5] The construction of the area is described as part of the "millennium strategy" (千年大计). Unlike other "new areas", Xiong'an's development is taking place under the direct oversight of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.[6] The temporary government office of the New Area is located in Ao Wei International Hotel (Ao Wei Mansion) in Rongcheng.[7]
Geography
[edit]
Scope
[edit]Xiong'an New District is located in the North China Plain, between 38°43' and 39°10' north latitude and 115°38' to 116°20' east longitude, 105 km from Beijing and Tianjin, 155 km from Shijiazhuang, 30 km from Baoding, 55 km from Beijing Daxing Airport.[8]
Hydrology
[edit]The area is located in the Daqing River system of the Haihe River Basin. The average river network density is 0.12 - 0.23 km per 1 km².[8] Baiyang Lake, northern China's largest freshwater wetland, is also included within the new area.[9]
Climate
[edit]The area is dry and rainy in spring, wet and rainy in summer, cool and dry in autumn, and cold and snowy in winter. According to the meteorological data of Rongcheng County from 1968 to 2016, the annual average temperature is 12.4 ℃, the record high temperature is 41.2℃, the record low temperature is -22.2℃, the annual sunshine hour is 2298.4 hours. The average precipitation is 495.1 mm.[8]
Topography
[edit]The area is located in the plain to the east of Taihang Mountain. The terrain gradually decreases from northwest to southeast. The ground elevation is mostly 5 to 26 meters, and the ground slope is less than 2‰.[8]
History
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By 2014, China's central government was considering to relocate a number of Beijing's administrative and back-office functions to Baoding. According to the memoir Dealing with China by US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, told him personally in July 2014, and said the idea his "own personal initiative".[10] On February 26, 2014, after hearing reports from Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Xi Jinping considered the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as an important national strategy. After that, rumors such as "Baoding will become a political sub-center", "Baiyangdian City" and "Baiyangdian Free Trade Zone" surfaced on the Internet. Although the "New Urbanization Plan of Hebei Province" issued on March 26 of that year did not mention "sub-center", it was clear that some of Beijing's capital functions would be relieved.[11] At the Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of the year, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the core problem of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is to relieve Beijing's non-capital functions, reduce Beijing's population density, and promote economic and social development to adapt to the population, resources and environment.[12]
On February 10, 2015, at the 9th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the idea of “duō diǎn yī chéng, lǎo chéng chóngzǔ” (多点一城、老城重组) when considering the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Joint Development Plan. Specifically, "One City" (一城) is to study and plan to build a new city outside Beijing.[13][14] On April 2 and April 30, 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over successive meetings of the Politburo Standing Committee and Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party to discuss the "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Plan", and considered the planning to build a modern new city in a suitable site in Hebei.[13][14] On February 29, 2016, Premier Li Keqiang presided over a special meeting of the State Council to study the planning and construction of a city, and put forward specific requirements.[14]
On March 24, 2016, General Secretary Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, agreeing to name the new city "Xiong'an New Area".[13][15] On May 27, 2016, the Politburo reviewed the "Report on the Planning and Construction of Beijing's Sub-center and Research on the Establishment of Hebei Xiong'an New District". This was the first time that "Xiong'an" appeared in the title of a report. The Politburo approved the "Implementation Plan for the Study of the Establishment of the Xiong'an New Area in Hebei", and the preparations for the plan were immediately carried out under a high degree of confidentiality.[13]
On April 1, 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued a notice, deciding to establish the Xiong'an New Area. In the announcement, Xiong'an New Area was positioned as a "millennium plan and a national event".[16][11] Previously, the information was so confidential that local government didn't know it in advance.[17] After announcing the establishment of Xiong'an New Area, Xi Jinping, when visiting Helsinki, Finland, gave important instructions to prevent real estate speculation.[13] Secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee and Mayor Xu Qin was also appointed as the Standing Party Committee of Hebei Province, and then the Deputy Secretary. He has more than 20 years of experience working in the National Development and Reform Commission and has been in charge of Shenzhen for 9 years.[11] The same day, on April 1, 2017, the Provincial Government and the Hebei Provincial Party Committee decided to establish the Preparatory Work Committee and the Provisional Party Committee of the Xiong'an New Area. These were transitional institutions, under the authority of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government, responsible for organizing, leading, and coordinating the overall development and construction of Xiong'an New Area, performing the functions of organizing, coordinating, supervising political, economic, cultural, social, ecological activities in Xiong'an New Area.[18]
On April 2, a meeting of leading cadres was held in Rongcheng County. At the meeting, it was agreed that in the next step, management and control should continue to be a top priority, especially on land issues. The government must do a good job of management and control, communicating and propagating at all levels, and managing the power grid. The needs of the people need to be addressed as much as possible, and on the basis of strengthening management and control, it is necessary to accelerate housing relocation, planning and construction. The provincial government has also decided to assign a party cadre committee to temporarily take over the cadre work.[19] On April 3, the Preparatory Work Committee and Provisional Party Committee of Xiong'an New Area began working in Rongcheng County, temporarily renting Ao Wei International Hotel as an office location.[20]
On June 21, 2017, at the working group meeting on planning and construction of Xiong'an New Area in Hebei Province, Xu Qin, the Governor of Hebei Province, read out the "Reply of the Central Organization Office on issues related to the establishment of management agencies in Xiong'an New Area in Hebei Province". Accordingly, the Xiong'an New Area Working Committee and the Xiong'an New Area Management Committee in Hebei, which were dispatched by the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government, would be established. They were responsible for organizing, leading and coordinating the development and construction of Xiong'an New Area, as well as the overall work on development and construction management of the districts Xiong County, Anxin County, Rongcheng County and surrounding areas.[21][22] At first, the Party Working Committee and the Xiong'an Management Committee established the Party and Government Office, Department of Reform and Development, Department of Planning and Construction, Department of Public Affairs and Department of Safety Supervision.[21] After that, some agencies like the Public Security[23] were added.
On February 22, 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee to hear a report on the planning and preparation work for the construction of the Hung'an New Are,[13] approving the planning framework in principle. On April 14, 2018, "Outline Planning of Hebei Xiong'an New Area" was approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.[24][13][25] On December 25, "The Master Plan of Hebei Xiong'an New Area (2018-2035)" approved by the State Council.[26]
On January 4, 2019, the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Hebei Province approved the appointment of Liu Guanghui as Chairman, Member of the Judiciary Committee, and Judge of the People's Court and Ji Zhiming as the chief prosecutor of the Xiong'an Procuratorate. Xu Yaotong, a professor at the National School of Administration, believed that Xiong'an New Area may be transformed into an administrative unit of Hebei Provincial Government in the future.[27]
On May 7, 2019, resettlement work in Xiong'an officially started.[28] On August 2, 2019, the State Council approved the establishment of the China (Hebei) Pilot Free Trade Zone, which included Xiong'an.[29][30]
On July 29, 2021, the "Hebei Xiong'an Regulations" (河北雄安新区条例) was adopted at the 24th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Hebei People's Congress, stipulating that the Xiong'an New Area Management Committee is an agency directly under the Government of Hebei Province. This committee exercises economic and social management powers granted by the state and Hebei province. The regulations will be officially implemented on September 1, 2021.[31][32]
Administrative divisions
[edit]The planning scope of the Xiongan New Area covers the 3 counties of Xiongxian, Rongcheng, and Anxin in Hebei Province and some surrounding areas. The planning and construction will take a specific area as the starting area (about 100 square kilometers) for development. The medium-term development area is about 200 square kilometers and the long-term area is about 2,000 square kilometers.[16]
| Map | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division code[33] | English name | Simp. Chinese | Pinyin | Area in km2[34] | Seat | Postal code | Divisions[35] | ||||||
| Towns | Townships | Residential communities | Villages | ||||||||||
| Xiong'an New Area | 雄安新区 | Xióng'ān Xīnqū | 106.46 | Rongcheng County | 20(+2) | 9(+2) | 16 | 557(+110) | |||||
| 130629 | Rongcheng County | 容城县 | Róngchéng Xiàn | 311 | Rongcheng (容城镇) | 071700 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 127 | |||
| 130632 | Anxin County | 安新县 | Ānxīn Xiàn | 728 | Anxin (安新镇) | 071600 | 9 | 3(+1) | 5 | 207(+16) | |||
| 130638 | Xiong County | 雄县 | Xióng Xiàn | 513 | Xiongzhou (雄州镇) | 071800 | 6(+2) | 3(+1) | 7 | 223(+94) | |||
| |||||||||||||
Transportation
[edit]Railway
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Baigou railway station and Baiyangdian railway station, on Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway, are within reach.
Xiong'an railway station, on the Beijing–Xiong'an intercity railway, was opened on 2020-12-27.[36]
Airport
[edit]Beijing Daxing International Airport (opened in 2019) serves the area.
Expressway
[edit]It is currently served by two expressways, G45 and G18.
Real estate
[edit]A flood of footloose capital, much of it from Beijing, has been searching for properties in Xiong'an to invest, causing real estate price in this area to skyrocket rapidly since the announcement of the New Area. Local government has since imposed a temporary ban on new property sales.[37] [38] The model of real estate development in the New Area may use public housing in Singapore for reference, according to a senior officer's interview on People's Daily on April 5, 2017.[39]
Activist open letter
[edit]In a February 2020 open letter of activist Xu Zhiyong addressed to Chinese Paramount leader Xi Jinping, the project is cited as an instance in which Xi had allegedly shown lack of capability in office. Xu was arrested later that month.[40]
References
[edit]- ^ "新任河北省委常委张国华任雄安新区党工委书记、管委会主任(图|简历)". Economic Daily (经济日报). 2020-12-30.
- ^ "雄安社会经济概况". Xiong'an New Area Government. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
- ^ "河北雄安新区2019年GDP披露 为215亿元". 15 March 2020.
- ^ 受权发布：中共中央、国务院决定设立河北雄安新区 (in Simplified Chinese). Xinhuanet. 1 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ 权威专家谈雄安新区：本质上就是国家副都. Ifeng Finance. Southern Weekly. 2017-04-04.
- ^ China to create Xiongan New Area in Hebei, Xinhua, 2017-04-01
- ^ 雄安不眠夜：容城奥威大厦灯火通明. thepaper.cn. 2017-04-03.
- ^ a b c d "雄安地理环境和气候特征". Xiong'an New Area Government. 2021-01-19.
- ^ "China to build massive city southwest of Beijing". Asia Nikkei. 2017-04-03.
- ^ Paulson, Henry (2015). Dealing with China: An Insider Unmasks the New Economic Superpower. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-1-4555-0422-0.
The central government is planning to relocate a number of administrative or back office functions to Baoding to relieve congestion in the capital and perhaps improve the economy in the outlying areas. With the proposed Beijing Tianjin-Hebei megalopolis—or Jing-Jin-Ji, as it's popularly known, after the Chinese names of these cities—Xi Jinping sees a regional approach to solving problems as one of his legacies. As he told me simply in July 2014, "This was my own personal initiative."
- ^ a b c "河北雄安新区探路：对标深圳浦东，京津冀协同发展"试金石"". The Paper. 2 April 2017.
- ^ "张高丽就设立雄安新区接受新华社记者采访". Xinhua News Agency. 15 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g "雄安规划干货首次对外公开：新区选址曾有13个方案". Caijing. 2018-04-27. Archived from the original on 2018-04-30.
- ^ a b c "张高丽就设立雄安新区接受新华社记者采访". Xinhua News Agency. 2017-04-15.
- ^ "详解雄安新区决策、选址经过". Caixin. 2017-04-13.
- ^ a b "受权发布：中共中央、国务院决定设立河北雄安新区". Xinhua News Agency. 2017-04-01.
- ^ 雄安新区成立前保密严格 筹委会官员昨“一对一”调研重点小镇. National Business Daily. 2017-04-03.
- ^ "河北将成立雄安新区筹备工作委员会及临时党委". The Paper. 2017-04-02 – via Sina.
- ^ "雄安新区临时党委接管干部工作 即日起冻结人事变动". 中国经营网. 2017-04-02 – via Ifeng.
- ^ "独家探访河北雄安新区筹委会办公地：租了整栋楼，已完成入驻". The Paper. April 3, 2017. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017.
- ^ a b "河北雄安新区管理机构获中央编办批复". Reference News (参考消息). 2017-06-22. Archived from the original on 2018-09-14. Retrieved 2018-09-14.
- ^ "管理机构获中央编办批复". Xinhua News Agency. 2017-06-23.
- ^ "雄安新区首任公安局长到位，雄安公安局将承担治安重任". 安新吧. 2018-06-11. Archived from the original on 2018-09-14. Retrieved 2018-09-14 – via Sohu.
- ^ "中共中央国务院关于对《河北雄安新区规划纲要》的批复". People Daily (人民日报). 2018-04-21. Archived from the original on 2018-04-21. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
- ^ "新华社播发《河北雄安新区规划纲要》". Xinhua News Agency. 2018-04-21.
- ^ "国务院关于河北雄安新区总体规划（2018—2035年）的批复". Chinese Government. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
- ^ "雄安新区人事任命再传新消息 ："法检两长"上任". Sina. 2019-01-05. Archived from the original on 2019-01-06. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
- ^ "雄安新区正式启动征迁安置工作". Beijing News (新京报). 2019-05-07 – via Sina.
- ^ "国务院关于印发6个新设自由贸易试验区总体方案的通知". Government of China. 2019-08-26. Archived from the original on 2019-08-26. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
- ^ "国务院关于同意新设6个自由贸易试验区的批复". Government of China. 2019-08-26. Archived from the original on 2019-08-30. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
- ^ "河北立法规定雄安新区管委会是河北省政府派出机构". Xinhua News Agency. 2021-07-29.
- ^ "《河北雄安新区条例》明确雄安新区管委会行使国家和省赋予的省级经济社会管理权限 9月1日起正式实施". China National Radio. 2021-07-30.
- ^ 国家统计局统计用区划代码 Archived 2012-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ 《保定经济统计年鉴2011》
- ^ 《中国民政统计年鉴2012》
- ^ "Beijing-Xiongan high-speed railway starts service". Retrieved 2020-12-27.
- ^ 雄安新区“抢房”亲历记：24小时内的冰火两重天, 2017-04-02, 大公网
- ^ China freezes property sales in new economic zone in Hebei, Reuters
- ^ 雄安新区或借鉴新加坡模式. China Youth Daily. 2017-04-12.
- ^ Xu, Zhiyong (26 February 2020). "Dear Chairman Xi, It's Time for You to Go (Translated by Geremie R. Barmé)". China File. Retrieved 22 February 2021.