User:Lilyyeqing/sandbox

This is my sandbox, I can use it to practice editing wikipedia articles.

article read: Pollution 1. In the History section, the article only talks about air pollution. However, pollution take many forms like the article point out later. So this part is incomplete. 2. In the Urban pollution section, most of the cases it talks about are in the Western countries (Chicago, London etc). It does not mention places in other parts of the world. Partly because it is hard to get information from other places but the article probably should mention briefly other places like Africa and Asia. 3. Some information in the article does not have proper reference. For example, "London also recorded one of the earlier extreme cases of water quality problems with the Great Stink on the Thames of 1858...". There is no reference for this sentence. The section Cost of pollution has not reference at all. 4. In the section of Effect, one of the items is "Environmental health information". This paragraph introduces The Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEHIP) which is not directly related to the the theme "Pollution" here. This article is locked.

article: Risk assessment 1. This article has insufficient references.

article: Environmental protection 1. This article uses official site as the reference sources 2. Some places need appropriate reference. For example" The Environmental Management Act, 2004, is the first comprehensive legal and institutional framework to guide environmental-management decisions.;; 3. The article talks about how different parts of the world treat environmental protection. But the way it describes different countries does not have a consistent arrange/logic. It is hard for comparison.

lit review for "environmental issue" article:

books:

1. Frances Harris, Global Environmental Issues, 2nd Edition,ISBN: 978-0-470-68469-6

2. Current Environmental Issues and Challenges, Giacomo Cao, Roberto Orrù, ISBN: 978-94-017-8776-5

3. Air Pollution and Health Effects,Nadadur, Srikanth S, Hollingsworth, John W. , ISBN 978-1-4471-6669-6

published Articles

1. Funtowicz, Silvio O., and Jerome R. Ravetz. "A new scientific methodology for global environmental issues." Ecological economics: The science and management of sustainability 10 (1991): 137.

2. Schultz, P. Wesley. "The structure of environmental concern: Concern for self, other people, and the biosphere." Journal of environmental psychology 21.4 (2001): 327-339.

Article draft: Oil spill. I am going to improve the section "Environmental effects" by adding air pollution problems caused by oil spill.

In the lead section, I will add: Oil spill can also generate air pollution.

Then in the Environmental effect section, I will write:

In addition, oil spills can also harm air quality[1]. The chemicals in crude oil are mostly hydrocarbons that contains toxic chemicals such as benzenes, toluene, poly-aromatic hydrocarbon and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[3]. These chemicals can introduce adverse health effects when being inhaled into human body. In addition, these chemicals can be oxidized by oxidants in the atmosphere to form fine particulate matter after they evaporate into the atmosphere[2]. These particulates can penetrate lungs and carry toxic chemicals into the human body. Burning surface oil can also be a source for pollution such as soot particles. During the cleanup and recovery process, it will also generate air pollutants such as nitric oxides and ozone from ships. Lastly, bubble bursting can also be a generation pathway for particulate matter during an oil spill[4].

Air Pollution in Deepwater Horizon oil spill:

During the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, significant air quality issues were found on the Gulf Coast, which is the downwind of DWH oil spill. Air quality monitoring data showed that criteria pollutants had exceeded the health-based standard in the coastal regions.

Citations: 1. Middlebrook, Ann M., et al. "Air quality implications of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109.50 (2012): 20280-20285. 2. Li, Rui, et al. "Laboratory studies on secondary organic aerosol formation from crude oil vapors." Environmental science & technology 47.21 (2013): 12566-12574. 3. Tidwell, Lane G., et al. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and oxygenated PAH (OPAH) air–water exchange during the deepwater horizon oil spill." Environmental science & technology 49.1 (2015): 141. 4. Ehrenhauser, Franz S., et al. "Bubble bursting as an aerosol generation mechanism during an oil spill in the deep-sea environment: laboratory experimental demonstration of the transport pathway." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 16.1 (2014): 65-73. 5. Nance, Earthea, et al. "Ambient air concentrations exceeded health-based standards for fine particulate matter and benzene during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 66.2 (2016): 224-236.