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==VOLKISCH== (of a person or ideology) populist or nationalist,and typically racist. Ex;volkisch ideas and traditions: Their promise lay in their attempts to identify themselves with the working classes, while the southern districts still tended to cling for the most part to bourgeois, antisocialist racist idea of National Socialism. The socialist workers party of Germany was representative of that era because it showed how different members of the group volkisch, could not work together even though their group implied discipline and organization.)

The socialist workers party of Germany was representative of that era because it showed how different members of the group volkisch, could not work together even though their group implied discipline and organization.

The National socialist workers party of Germany and the Government, it was established between 1933 and 1945- The Third Reich. Hitler the prominent leader of the party, Karl Harrer, the chairman; the author of the pamphlet was Anton Drexler. The group was later dissolved or disbanded under unconditional surrender . Hitler made it difficult for many organisations to remain intact. He was a swift and cruel in his manipulation . Fees were raised for members of different groups, memberships voided, expired unexpectedly, leaders trying to hold on to their members but he used tactics that stretched funds beyond the limit for poor or middle class membes. Many did not see the bigger picture or notice the methods Hitler used to gain new members. Many leaders, after losing their members and leadership feared working under Hitler's rule but consequently had no other choice but did so in order to make a living.(p.24)

BLIND FAITH

According to Henry A. Turner Jr. "Obscure movement hostile to many basic aspects of modern civilization sudenly gained the support of millions and succeeded in capturing control of one of the most advanced nation". The volkisch manipulated and demanded faith in a false idealism or nihilistic approach that won over the populace therefore gaining control of a nation. In the course of the six year conflict, the leaders of the third Reich defiantly flouted internationally agreed upon rules of warfare and embarked upon the most horrendous form of genocide in record history, systematically slaughtering millions of Jews.(P.3)

RAMPANT FACTIONALISM

"It was a this of war of hypocrisy, privilege and snobbish ineffectuality that enabled Hitler to outflank the new and old right but rival volkisch organ such as the Pan Germans that otherwise espoused an ideology similar to his, by depicting their leaders as well-meaning academic cranks. As he wrote in January 1922,  'The racialist, were not capable of drawing the practical conclusions from correct theoretical judgements, especially in the Jewish Question. In this way the Herman racialist movement developed a pattern similar to that of the 1880s and 1890s. As in those days, its leadership fell into the hands of highly honorable but financially naive men of learning, professors, district councilors, school masters and lawyers- in short a bourgeois, idealistic and unrefined class. It lacked the warm breath of the national youthful vigor"(pg. 76-77 the 3rd Reich- a new history). We see here that the atmosphere created by rampant factionlism allowed Hitler to outmaneuver the opposing parties. In order to get parties on his side, he painted their leaders as well-meaning academic softies who hadn't been able to go far enough. He praised their earlier efforts and research but maintained that they did not acknowledge some hard truths and push for practical solutions. As a result, the racialist movement fell into the hands of a cold bourgeoisie that lacked the vigor and drive of the young and working class.

"'The rise of Germany' wrote Paul Rohrback in 1912 has been favored by the fact that the political and economic unification of Germany has coincided with the greatest technical progress mankind has ever seen; and the technique, founded on a methodical knowledge of nature, corresponded exactly and brilliantly with one of the characteristics of our national temperament: exact and labourous energy. With an average birthrate of 42.6 per 5,000 between 1877 and 1910, the German could not hope like the frenchman to make his son a rentier, so that emphasis came rather to be laid on the value of hard work and scientific education. The Germans were exalted by a faith in themselves. Not in stability, mistaken for stag nation but in infinite progress.(p.162) The expression, "I have been tricked, bamboozled, hoodwinked," accurately describes the sentiment of German citizens who had put their faith in an idealistic way of life whose promises failed to come to fruition. Poor farmers, industrial workers and many others who felt hardest hit by the depression lost their faith and succumbed to a very nihilistic view of their circumstances as they witnessed the apparent failure of their ideals.

FACTION

Group of individuals joined together to further some particular goal in opposition to other groups belonging to the same association. "In place of the individualist ideals and ambitions of rationalist bourgeois liberalism, exposing men to the secret power of wealth, the new socialistic tendencies intilled corporate class ideals and ambitions. The worker came to regard as illusory the liberty to escape as an individual from his class of study or thrift. The equality of idividuals must be realised through the equality of classes and the individual ideal of the bourgeois social morality was replaced by a new morality of solidarity" (the social )

PARTIES

"Dreschsler has investigated the Socialist Workers party of Germany (SAPD), a radical marxist group that split off the Social Democratic Party (SPD) IN 1931 and maintained a precarious existence until 1933. The SAPD could not countenance the "conservative" policies of the SPD and attempted to rally the workere to its ranks. But it failed to obtain mass support and was rent by ideological splits among its pacifist, Trotskyite, Communist dissident, and Independent Socialist factions. The author ably traces the feuds among these factions, the discussions revolving around programs and goals, and the sharp criticisms from the SPD and the KPD, but it was too late and gulf was too wide. To the credit of SAPD, the party realized the danger of National Socialism at an earlier stage than SPD and KPD, but with small membership and voter supports its political leverage was close to zero."(Braunthal, 648)

The SAPD remains representative of this era not only because of its ultimate failure in the face of factionalism and the rise fo the Nazi Party, but because of the hopes behind the party's founding and purpose. In their search to find a "way" for the german people, they found themselves lost in the tumult of bickering groups just like so many others.