User:Kalei77/Manybar goatfish
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[edit]Manybar goatfish, Parupeneus multifasciatus
[edit]The Hawaiian name is moano-nui-ka-lehua (meaning “great moano of the lehua”), and the juveniles are called ‘ahua or ‘ohua (meaning “seedling”).[1] "Moano" in Hawaiian means pale-red color[2].
There are many color variations for moano, but consistently the fish has chin whiskers (identifiable feature of the goatfish family), yellow or blue accents on the edges of scales, dark spots around the eyes, dark spots around the base of the pectoral fin, and white and dark bars[2]. Some common color variations include: red with black spots; light red with no spots; black with yellow spot near the tail; and purple-red with yellow and black spots.[1] The largest recorded moano was 11.3 inch long (29 cm)[3]. The average length ranges around 9 inch (23 cm)[4]. They reproductive size is 7 inch (17.8 cm)[2]. The heaviest recorded moano was 453 g (0.9987 lb)[5].
The life history of the moano has a pelagic larval duration of 24 – 28 days in captivity[6].
Ecology and Diet
[edit]Goatfish are commonly found throughout the Indo-Pacific Ocean[4]. Moano are found in the central and western Pacific Ocean[3]. They are endemic in three regions: Hawai'i, Marquesas, and the Indo-Polynesian Province[6].
Moano are common reef fish found at shallow water environments, reef flats, and outside reefs[2]. Generally are benthic-dwelling. They can be found at depths 0 – 161 m deep (528 ft)[6]
They are diurnal consumers that prey on crustaceans and small fishes[2]. They can be omnivores[5].
Fishing regulations
[edit]In Hawai’i, it is common to catch moano using nets / traps, spears, and pole/line[2]. The minimum size requirement is seven inches, and eight inches on the island of Maui[2].
Cultural Significance
[edit]Moano are game fish that can be eaten raw, broiled, or baked[1].
- ^ a b c Titcomb, Margaret (1977). Native use of fish in Hawaii. Mary Kawena Pukui (2d ed ed.). Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. ISBN 0-8248-0592-5. OCLC 10482126.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ a b c d e f g "'Ike Kai". Department of Land and Natural Resources.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Randall, John E. (2010). Shore fishes of Hawaii (Rev. ed ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN 978-1-4416-7162-2. OCLC 664565700.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ a b "Goatfishes". Waikīkī Aquarium. 2013-11-22. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
- ^ a b "Parupeneus multifasciatus, Manybar goatfish : fisheries, gamefish, aquarium". www.fishbase.se. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
- ^ a b c Szabó, Zoltán; Snelgrove, Brent; Craig, Matthew T; Rocha, Luiz A; Bowen, Brian W (2014-01-01). "Phylogeography of the manybar goatfish, Parupeneus multifasciatus, reveals isolation of the Hawaiian Archipelago and a cryptic species in the Marquesas Islands". Bulletin of Marine Science. 90 (1): 493–512. doi:10.5343/bms.2013.1032.