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Kawi letters

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Based on the Javanese script tables.

Consonant letters

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Aksara Wyanjana (old sequence)
Place of articulation Pancawalimukha Semivowel Sibilant Fricative
Unvoiced Voiced Nasal
Unaspirated Aspirated Unaspirated Aspirated
Velar
𑼒
ka

𑼓
kha

𑼔
ga

𑼕
gha

𑼖
ṅa

𑼲
ha/a1
Palatal
𑼗
ca

𑼘
cha

𑼙
ja

𑼚
jha

𑼛
ña

𑼫
ya

𑼯
śa
Retroflex
𑼜
ṭa

𑼝
ṭha

𑼞
ḍa

𑼟
ḍha

𑼠
ṇa

𑼬
ra

𑼰
ṣa
Dental
𑼡
ta

𑼢
tha

𑼣
da

𑼤
dha

𑼥
na

𑼭
la

𑼱
sa
Labial
𑼦
pa

𑼧
pha

𑼨
ba

𑼩
bha

𑼪
ma

𑼮
wa
Notes
^1 may represent /ha/ or /a/ in the Kawi language

Vowel letters

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Aksara Swara
Place of articulation Velar Palatal Labial Retroflex Dental Velar-Palatal Velar-Labial
Short
𑼄
a

𑼆
i

𑼈
u

𑼊
ṛ/re1

𑼌
ḷ/le2

𑼎
é3

𑼐
o
Long
𑼅
ā

𑼇
ī

𑼉
ū

𑼋
4

𑼍
5

𑼏
ai6

𑼐𑼴
au7
Notes
^1 pa cerek, represents the syllable /rə/
^2 nga lelet, represents the syllable /lə/
^3 /e/ as e in the word "dress"

The following pronunciations are not used in modern Javanese:

^4 pa cerek dirgha, a Sanskrit innovation that is used in a few analogically generated morphological categories[1]
^5 nga lelet raswadi, not an actual Sanskrit sound, but rather a graphic convention included among the written vowels to maintain the symmetry of short–long pairs of letters[1]
^6 diphthong /aj/
^7 diphthong /aw/

Diacritics

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Vowel signs

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Sandhangan Swara
Short Long
-a -i -u -ṛ/re [1] -o -e[2] -ai[3] -au[4] -eu[5][6]
-
𑼶

𑼸
𑼺
𑼾

𑼾𑼴

𑽀

𑼴

𑼷

𑼹

𑼿

𑼿𑼴

𑽀𑼴
ka ki ku kre ko ke kai kau keu
𑼒 𑼒𑼶 𑼒𑼸 𑼒𑼺 𑼒𑼾 𑼒𑼾𑼴 𑼒𑽀 𑼒𑼴 𑼒𑼷 𑼒𑼹 𑼒𑼿 𑼒𑼿𑼴 𑼒𑽀𑼴
Notes
^1 /e/ as e in the word "dress"
^2 /ə/ as a in the word "about"

The following pronunciations are not used in modern Javanese:

^3 diphthong /aj/
^4 diphthong /aw/
^5 represents /ɨ/ in the Sundanese language
^6 romanized as ö in the Kawi language[2]

  1. ^ a b Woodard, Roger D (2008). The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas. Cambridge University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0521684941.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference mardikawi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Laguna Copperplate transcription in Harvard-Kyoto

[edit]
svasti zAkavarSAtita 822 vaisAkha mAsa diMjyotiSa. caturthI kRSNapakSa so
mavAra sAna tatkala dayaM aGkatan dGan Ja sanak barGAran sibukaH
anak da daMhvannamvran dibari varadAna vi zuddhapAtra uliH saM pamgat senApati di tundu
n barjA daMhvannAyaka tuhAn pailaH jayadeva. dikrama daMhvanamvran dGan daM kAya
stha zuddhA nu diparlappas hutaMda valenda kA 1 su 8 dihadapan daMhvannAyaka tuhAn pu
liran kasumuran. daMhvannAyaka tuhAn pailaH barjAdi gaNazakti. daMhvannAyaka tu
hAn binvAGan barjAdi bizruta tathapi sAdAnda sAnak kaparAvis uliH saMpamgat de
vata varjAdi saMpamgat mdhaM dari bhaktinda diparhulun saMpamgat. ya makAJa sAdAJa anak
cucu daMhvannamvran zuddhaya kaparAvis dihutaMda daMhvannamvran disaMpamgat devata. ini graM
syAt syApantaha pazcAt diM Ari kamudyan Ada graM uraM barujara vluM lappas hutaMda daMhva