User:KGpdx/Carduus nutans/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Bibliography

As you gather the sources for your Wikipedia contribution, think about the following:

Is the source from a reliable publication?
- Reliable publications include established newspapers, academic journals and books, textbooks, and other published sources with reputations for accuracy and fact-checking.
- Unreliable sources include blog posts and other self-published works, press releases, and social media posts.
Is the source verifiable?
- In order for a source to be considered verifiable, other editors should be able to consult the source.
Is the source independent of the subject?
- Is the source connected in any way to the subject? This is especially important when writing biographies or about organizations.
- For example, if you were writing a biography, sources like the person's webpage or personal blog would not be considered independent.
Is the source primary or secondary?
- Primary sources include first-hand accounts, autobiographies, and other original content.
- Wikipedia allows limited use of primary sources, but typically only for straightforward, descriptive statements of facts, and only if they are published and verifiable without requiring specialized knowledge.
- Secondary sources should be the main basis for a biography on Wikipedia.
If you're working on a topic related to medicine or psychology, ensure that your sources follow these special guidelines.
If you're creating a new article, consider the following:
- Ensure that your topic meets Wikipedia's notability guidelines.
- In order for a topic to meet the notability requirement, you must be able to identify 2-3 sources that are reliable, verifiable, and independent of the subject you're writing about.
- Finding sufficient sources to establish notability can be especially hard when writing about people or organizations.
- Sources that are not independent of the subject might be useful additions, but don't count towards the notability requirement.
- Wikipedia has developed special guidelines for writing about living persons. Please follow these carefully.
- Wikipedia has a series of guidelines for writing about different categories of people, such as academics and artists. If you're trying to create a new entry about a living person, please look at these carefully.

If you're not sure whether a source is reliable, ask a librarian! If you have questions about Wikipedia's sourcing rules, you can use the Get Help button below to contact your Wikipedia Expert.

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Bibliography

Han, C., & Young, S. L. (2013). Ecology of musk thistle (Carduus nutans) seed germination for grasslands of temperate climates. Weed Science, 61(4), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00015.1 ^[1]
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. This paper goes over phenology, seed germination, and dispersal. The paper also goes into detail regarding the musk thistle's native range, where it has become invasive, and the types of habitats that it does best in.
Jongejans, E., Sheppard, A. W., & Shea, K. (2006). What controls the population dynamics of the invasive thistle Carduus nutans in its native range? Journal of Applied Ecology, 43(5), 877–886. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01228.x^[2]
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The research paper discusses hypotheses about why the species was able to become invasive in places like the Americas and Australia when it is not a huge issue in its native range. They go into the biological control methods that have been attempted and potential reasons why they have failed.
Jongejans, E., Shea, K., Skarpaas, O., Kelly, D., Sheppard, A. W., & Woodburn, T. L. (2008). Dispersal and demography contributions to population spread of Carduus nutans in its native and invaded ranges. Journal of Ecology, 96(4), 687–697. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01367.x^[3]
- This article in a peer-reviewed scientific journal talks extensively about dispersal and population dynamics. They include data regarding the differences in dispersal in the native range compared to the dispersal in the invaded ranges, as well as describing where exactly the native range of the plant is.
Kozyra, M., Kukula‐Koch, W., & Szymański, M. (2022). Phenolic composition of inflorescences of Carduus nutans L. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202100827^[4]
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The source talks about how the plant has historically been used for treatments of illnesses such as malaria and liver disease.
Mirik, M., Steddom, K., & Michels, G. L. (2006). Estimating biophysical characteristics of Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans) with three remote sensing instruments. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 59(1). https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_jrm_v59i1_mirik^[5]
- This study in a peer-reviewed scientific journal used remote technology to determine the population dynamics of Carduus nuts in order to determine a plan for control of the Thistle. This source explains the first record of the plant in the United States. They also give plant descriptions, specifically flower descriptions, and they also go into phenology and germination. Their results measured population density, plant height, flower head density, and ground cover.

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

Examples:

Luke, Learie. 2007. Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
- This is a book published by a university press, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (2013-11-08). "Sabinaria , a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border". Phytotaxa.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source. It covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for a specific fact. Since it only dedicates a few sentences to the topic, it can't be used to establish notability.

References

^ Han, Chengchou; Young, Stephen L. (2013). "Ecology of Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans) Seed Germination for Grasslands of Temperate Climates". Weed Science. 61 (4): 549–556. doi:10.1614/WS-D-13-00015.1. ISSN 0043-1745.
^ Jongejans, Eelke; Sheppard, Andy W.; Shea, Katriona (2006). "What controls the population dynamics of the invasive thistle Carduus nutans in its native range?". Journal of Applied Ecology. 43 (5): 877–886. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01228.x. ISSN 0021-8901.
^ Jongejans, Eelke; Shea, Katriona; Skarpaas, Olav; Kelly, Dave; Sheppard, Andy W.; Woodburn, Tim L. (2008). "Dispersal and demography contributions to population spread of Carduus nutans in its native and invaded ranges". Journal of Ecology. 96 (4): 687–697. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01367.x. ISSN 0022-0477.
^ Kozyra, Małgorzata; Kukula‐Koch, Wirginia; Szymański, Michał (2022). "Phenolic Composition of Inflorescences of Carduus nutans L." Chemistry & Biodiversity. 19 (3). doi:10.1002/cbdv.202100827. ISSN 1612-1872.
^ Mirik, Mustafa; Steddom, Karl; Michels, Gerald L. (2006-01-01). "Estimating Biophysical Characteristics of Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans) With Three Remote Sensing Instruments". 59. doi:10.2111/05-106R2.1. ISSN 0022-409X.

Outline of proposed changes

Now that you have compiled a bibliography, it's time to plan out how you'll improve your assigned article.

In this section, write up a concise outline of how the sources you've identified will add relevant information to your chosen article. Be sure to discuss what content gap your additions tackle and how these additions will improve the article's quality.

Consider other changes you'll make to the article, including possible deletions of irrelevant, outdated, or incorrect information, restructuring of the article to improve its readability or any other change you plan on making. This is your chance to really think about how your proposed additions will improve your chosen article and to vet your sources even further.

Note: This is not a draft. This is an outline/plan where you can think about how the sources you've identified will fill in a content gap.

Get Help

[1] Han, Chengchou; Young, Stephen L. (2013). "Ecology of Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans) Seed Germination for Grasslands of Temperate Climates". Weed Science. 61 (4): 549–556. doi:10.1614/WS-D-13-00015.1. ISSN 0043-1745.

[2] Jongejans, Eelke; Sheppard, Andy W.; Shea, Katriona (2006). "What controls the population dynamics of the invasive thistle Carduus nutans in its native range?". Journal of Applied Ecology. 43 (5): 877–886. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01228.x. ISSN 0021-8901.

[3] Jongejans, Eelke; Shea, Katriona; Skarpaas, Olav; Kelly, Dave; Sheppard, Andy W.; Woodburn, Tim L. (2008). "Dispersal and demography contributions to population spread of Carduus nutans in its native and invaded ranges". Journal of Ecology. 96 (4): 687–697. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01367.x. ISSN 0022-0477.

[4] Kozyra, Małgorzata; Kukula‐Koch, Wirginia; Szymański, Michał (2022). "Phenolic Composition of Inflorescences of Carduus nutans L." Chemistry & Biodiversity. 19 (3). doi:10.1002/cbdv.202100827. ISSN 1612-1872.

[5] Mirik, Mustafa; Steddom, Karl; Michels, Gerald L. (2006-01-01). "Estimating Biophysical Characteristics of Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans) With Three Remote Sensing Instruments". 59. doi:10.2111/05-106R2.1. ISSN 0022-409X.

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