User:Jonesjl1/Elaine D. Harmon
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[edit]Early life and education
[edit]Elaine Danforth Harmon, daughter of Dr. Dave Danforth and Margaret Oliphant Danforth, was born December 26, 1919, in Baltimore, Maryland. A 1936 graduate of Eastern High School, in 1940 she earned a bachelor of science degree in bacteriology at the University of Maryland, College Park. From 1940 to 1944 she worked as a hospital lab technician.[1] In 1941 she married patent attorney Robert Harmon and they lived in Silver Spring, Maryland. They had two sons and two daughters. Her husband died in 1965.[2]
Careers
[edit]While at the university she became a private pilot through the Civilian Pilot Training Program.[3] Harmon learned to fly Piper Cubs at College Park Airport as part of the Civil Aeronautics Authority program.[4] She joined the Women Airforce Service Pilots against her mother's wishes, who thought WASPs "were all just awful, just probably loose women", and therefore, refused to correspond with Harmon throughout her service.[5] Unlike her mother, her father supported and her gave her permission for flying lessons at College Park Airport.
Over 25,000 women had applied to the program; Harmon was one of 1,830 accepted, and one of 1,074 who earned their wings. She completed six months of flight training and ground school, as well as at least 500 flight hours. After training at Avenger Field in 1944, she served at Nellis Air Force Base, flying trainers PT-17 and BT-13, the AT-6 Texan, and the B-17 Flying Fortress.[4] Harmon's job was to fly with men who needed retraining in instrument flying — she said she served as a lookout, "to make sure that we didn’t run into any other airplanes".[6]
Following the war, Harmon had a 25-year career as an independent real estate appraiser, working for Associated Appraisers in Beltsville, Maryland, until retiring in the early 1990s.[7]
Legacy
[edit]Maryland Women's Hall of Fame
[edit]A lifelong resident of Maryland, and in recognition of her role model status, having been a trailblazing female pilot during WWII, in 2016 Ms. Harmon was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. The following is the inscription on the plaque placed in her honor at the hall:
"It was a man's world, but we (WASP) did something really great that was needed for the war effort ... There is never a day that I don't think how lucky I am to be a U.S. citizen and a Maryland resident ... Carpé Diem!"[citation needed]
College Park Aviation Campus
Mrs. Harmon learned to fly at the College Park Airport located in College Park, Maryland. The Airport is located 1.6 miles SE from the campus of the University of Maryland. The Aviation Campus is also home to the College Park Aviation Museum which highlights the history of the College Park Airport along with the stories of aviation in Prince George's County and in Maryland. The Museum has an exhibit highlighting Harmon's WASP career on display which includes items from her scrapbook 9Flight Log, uniform, Congressional Gold Medal.)[8]
Controversy over WASP benefits
[edit]WASPs had been assigned to non-combat operational duties, such as ferrying cargo, delivering new planes, training male pilots, and dragging targets for other pilots.[9][10] Because they flew domestic missions, the Army had classified WASPs as civilians rather than veterans,[11] and they were not eligible for veterans' benefits, including being laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery.[10] Army Air Forces Commanding General Henry Arnold had championed WASP benefits to Congress, but male pilots objected that the women were taking their jobs, and Congress denied the women veterans' status.[12]
President Jimmy Carter signed legislation in 1977 granting WASPs veteran status,[10] and in 2002 the Army granted military funeral honors to WASPs, including eligibility for inurnment at Arlington National Cemetery.[12] While the Department of Veterans Affairs manages virtually all national cemeteries, the U.S. Army administers Arlington Nation Cemetery. [13]Harmon was honored with a Congressional Gold Medal in 2009.[14] However, in March 2015, secretary of the Army John McHugh ruled that due to a technicality in the 1977 legislation, WASPs did not have status in the Army, and were only eligible for burial in cemeteries administered by the Veterans Administration.[10] Representative Martha McSally (R-Arizona) and Senators Barbara Mikulski (D-Maryland) and Joni Ernst (R-Iowa) introduced legislation in 2016 to reinstate inurnment rights for WASPs at Arlington. The legislation was passed unanimously by both houses of Congress, and President Obama signed it into law in May 2016.[10]
Elaine Harmon's wish to be laid to rest at Arlington was honored on September 7, 2016.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ "Veteran Tributes". veterantributes.org. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ Rasmussen, Frederick N. (2015-05-02). "Elaine D. Harmon". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2015-10-03. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ "Veteran Tributes". veterantributes.org. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ a b Rasmussen, Frederick N. (2015-05-02). "Elaine D. Harmon". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2015-10-03. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ Kaplan, Sarah (2016-01-06). "This female pilot was denied equal pay during WWII. Now Arlington Cemetery bars her remains". Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ Rickman, Sarah Byrn (2016-02-20). "The Female Pilots We Betrayed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ "Washington-area obituaries of note". Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ Rasmussen, Frederick N. (2015-05-02). "Elaine D. Harmon". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2015-10-03. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ Rasmussen, Frederick N. (2015-05-02). "Elaine D. Harmon". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2015-10-03. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ a b c d e f Fritz, John (2016-09-07). "Initially denied the honor, World War II pilot Elaine Harmon is laid to rest at Arlington". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ "Mikulski, Ernst Introduce Bipartisan Legislation to Reinstate Inurnment Rights for Women Airforce Service Pilots at Arlington National Cemetery". Barbara A. Mikulski, United States Senator for Maryland. 2016-01-11. Archived from the original on 2016-12-29. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ a b Rickman, Sarah Byrn (2016-02-20). "The Female Pilots We Betrayed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ^ "ARMY NATIONAL CEMETERIES". www.gpo.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
- ^ "Washington-area obituaries of note". Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-09-09.