User:Jmabo093/sandbox

'Secondary Deviance'

Adding to my Article:

I want to clarify the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance. make sure that researchers know that while the primary deviance actions are more related to cultures, secondary deviance often affect an individuals personality in the long run. An example would be such as a gangs beginning to perform acts of violence and dishonestly, which that would be known as primary deviance, but eventually would lead to an actual criminal behavior and it would be considered secondary deviance at that point.

I would also add a link to a page about Edwin Lemert. Wiki doesn't have an article on him but i would add the link to anther website or simply reference him more in depth since he introduced this concept of secondary deviance.

SOURCES:

EXTREME DEVIANCE by Erich Goode and D. Angus Vail, Pine Forge Press, 2008

DEVIANT BEHAVIOR by Alex Thio, Taylor and Schwartz

Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory -- Chapter Title: "Lemert, Edwin M.: Primary and Secondary Deviance"

Ball, John C. "THE STUDY OF SOCIAL DEVIANCY AND PERSONALITY." Social Deviancy and Adolescent Personality. U of Kentucky, 1962. 1-13. Web.

LIBERMAN, A. M., KIRK, D. S. and KIM, K. (2014), LABELING EFFECTS OF FIRST JUVENILE ARRESTS: SECONDARY DEVIANCE AND SECONDARY SANCTIONING. Criminology, 52: 345–370.

Notes and Outline for my "LEAD" (since there isn't that much on it) and my article overall

• History/Background information on Secondary Deviancy.

• Factors that show signs of secondary deviancy in a someone.
• Examples of why individuals are labeled deviants
• Theories linked with deviancy.
• Explaining ways to have Social Control

"Secondary Deviance"

Deviance is defined as the violation or drift from the accepted society norms, especially when it comes to the social or sexual behaviors. [Expand a little more on the definition of deviance]

It was sociologist Edwin Lemert, who in 1951, introduced the "secondary deviance" concept to the world. Secondary deviance is a stage in a theory of deviant identity formation. Lemert (1967)^[1] conceptualized primary deviance as engaging in the initial act of deviance and then posited secondary deviance as the stage in which one internalizes a deviant identity by integrating it into their self-concept and it often affects an individuals personality in the long run. An example would be such as a gangs beginning to perform acts of violence, dishonestly or something as simple as drug addiction, which would be known as primary deviance, but eventually would lead to an actual criminal behavior to the extend of murder, which would be known as secondary deviance.

Everyone commits primary acts of deviance, but rarely think of ourselves as criminals. When someone commits an offense of a more serious nature, then one is likely to be labeled, internalize the label, and act out accordingly in future criminal behavior.

Gender and Deviance

When it comes down to society in the United States, their view towards women who start to cry in public places due to an emotional event, has not changed over the years and they are generally not considered deviant. However, when it comes to men crying, society's perception has gone across the horizon. A gentleman who would cry in public in 1950 would have been shamed upon and called a deviant. Nowadays, men can cry due to an extreme emotional event and people realize they are behaving within society's norms. Men are now seemed crying after winning a competition, and by society's standards today, none of these men is look upon as a deviant.

Studies

• .
• .
• .
• .

Examples of Primary Deviance vs Secondary Deviance

• .
• .
• .
• .

Great book for more information -

Dobbert, Duane, Mackey, Thomas, and Mackey, Thomas, eds. Deviance: Theories on Behaviors That Defy Social Norms : Theories on Behaviors That Defy Social Norms. Santa Barbara, CA, US: Praeger, 2015. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 25 October 2016.

"Edwin Lemert"

Edwin Lemert
File:Edwin Lemert2.jpg
Born	Edwin McCarthy Lemert (1912-05-08)May 8, 1912 Ohio, US
Died	November 10, 1996(1996-11-10) (aged 84)
Nationality	American
Occupation	Sociologist

Edwin M. Lemert (1912-1996) was a sociology professor at the University of California.

Lemert was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He acquired his Bachelors degree in sociology from Miami University (class of 1934) and his doctorate from Ohio State University (class of 1939). He distinctly specialized in sociology and anthropology. For a short period of time he became a professor at Kent State and at Western Michigan Universities.

Even with all of the other sociologist back then, Lemert was able to view how most of the social acts are viewed as deviant acts. While studying drug addiction, he admired a powerful force at work. Beside the physical changes due to the addiction and all of the economic issues it can cause, there was an immense process of learning one's identity and justifying every action, "I do these things because I am this way."

Activities such as drinking and/or shoplifting do not reflect on an individual's personality. Lemert once wrote: "His acts are repeated and organized subjectively and transformed into active roles and become the social criteria for assigning status.....When a person begins to employ his deviant behavior or a role based on it as a means of defense, attack, or adjustment to the overt and covert problems created by the consequent societal reaction to him, his deviation is secondary".