User:Jedmonds123/Battle of Valmy

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Background

As the French Revolution continued, the monarchies of Europe became concerned that revolutionary fervor would spread to their countries. The War of the First Coalition was an effort to stop the revolution, or at least contain it to France. King Frederick William II of Prussia had the support of Great Britain and the Austrian Empire to send the Duke of Brunswick towards Paris with a large army.^[1] In the war's early encounters of mid-1792, French troops did not distinguish themselves,^[2] and enemy forces advanced dangerously deep into France intending to pacify the country, restore the traditional monarchy, and end the Revolution. The French commander Charles Dumouriez, meanwhile, had been marching his army northeast to attack the Austrian Netherlands, but this plan was abandoned because of the more immediate threat to Paris.^[3] A second army under General François Kellermann was ordered to link up with him in a mutual defense.^[4] The Duke of Brunswick issued what is called the "Brunswick Manifesto" in which he called for Paris to be destroyed and rid of rebellion. To be inserted after the third sentence in the first paragraph. Just over half of the French infantry were regulars of the old Royal Army, as were nearly all of the cavalry and, most importantly, the artillery,^[3]^[5] which were widely regarded as the best in Europe at the time.^[6]^[7] These veterans provided a professional core to steady the enthusiastic volunteer battalions.^[8] Combined, Dumouriez' Army of the North and Kellermann's Army of the Centre totalled approximately 54,000 troops.^[9] Heading towards them was Brunswick's coalition army of about 84,000, all veteran Prussian and Austrian troops augmented by large complements of Hessians and the French royalist Army of Condé.^[9] The French Officer Corps was also filled with a portion of unexperienced, nationalistic volunteers which had a bad reputation for leadership.

^ Creasy, p. 334.
^ Creasy, p. 330.
^ ^a ^b Schama, p. 640.
^ Fuller, p. 352.
^ Price, p. 311.
^ Britannica 1910, p. 171.
^ Fuller, p. 350.
^ Crowdy, pp. 8, 24.
^ ^a ^b Tucker, p. 260.

[1] Creasy, p. 334.

[2] Creasy, p. 330.

[Schama640-3] Schama, p. 640.

[Fuller352-4] Fuller, p. 352.

[5] Price, p. 311.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910171-6] Britannica 1910, p. 171.

[Fuller350-7] Fuller, p. 350.

[8] Crowdy, pp. 8, 24.

[Tucker260-9] Tucker, p. 260.

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