User:JacksonchiltonKSU/Strength training
Puberty
Puberty is a critical developmental stage during adolescence, during which the adolescent experiences physical, emotional, and hormonal changes to reach sexual maturity. This shift from adolescence to emerging adulthood can impact gender-specific patterns of muscle growth and strength. For example, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the forearm muscles increased in both boys and girls through puberty. However, these measurements continued to increase during the later stages of puberty for boys, due to testosterone, whereas it plateaus earlier for girls.[1] A study on biological maturity and muscular strength in young swimmers further emphasized the importance of testosterone on hypertrophy. The boys exhibited greater muscle size and strength gains compared to the girls. This further emphasizes how biological maturity plays a role in muscle size. [2] Girls must rely on neuromuscular adaptations for strength gains as it is independent of sex hormones. These adaptations include improved motor unit synchronization, firing rate, recruitment, inhibiting of the Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO), and more. Muscle performance in grip strength per unit CSA in forearm muscles increased at similar rates in both genders due to neuromuscular adaptations. [1]
Muscle and bone development are closely connected and play a critical role in youth physiology. A longitudinal study describes the relationship between bone and muscle growth during puberty in girls. The seven-year study challenged the assumption that muscle is the driving force behind bone growth. It showed that bone length and width peaked disproportionally faster than muscle mass highlighting the complexity of the bone-muscle unit. However bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass will continue to increase with an increase in muscle mass. [3]
In conclusion, youth muscle development during puberty is a dynamic process shaped by physical and hormonal changes. While boys experience greater hypertrophy due to sex hormones like testosterone, girls have to rely on neuromuscular adaptations to increase muscle strength.
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[edit]- ^ a b Neu, C. M.; Rauch, F.; Rittweger, J.; Manz, F.; Schoenau, E. (2002-07-01). "Influence of puberty on muscle development at the forearm". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 283 (1): E103–E107. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00445.2001. ISSN 0193-1849.
- ^ Costa, Taline; Murara, Pedro; Vancini, Rodrigo Luiz; Lira, Claudio Andre Barbosa de; Andrade, Marilia Santos (2021-03-31). "Influence of Biological Maturity on the Muscular Strength of Young Male and Female Swimmers". Journal of Human Kinetics. 78: 67. doi:10.2478/hukin-2021-0029. PMC 8120972. PMID 34025865.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Xu, Leiting; Nicholson, Patrick; Wang, Qingju; Alén, Markku; Cheng, Sulin (2009-10-01). "Bone and Muscle Development During Puberty in Girls: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 24 (10): 1693–1698. doi:10.1359/jbmr.090405. ISSN 0884-0431.