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H. W. Bush (1981-1989)

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George Herbert Walker Bush[a] (June 12, 1924 – November 30, 2018) was an American politician, diplomat, and businessman who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as the 43rd vice president from 1981 to 1989 under Ronald Reagan and previously in various other federal positions.

George H. W. Bush
Bush's presidential portrait, 1989
Official portrait, 1989
40th President of the United States
In office
January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
Vice PresidentJack Kemp
Preceded byJimmy Carter
Succeeded byMichael Dukakis
11th Director of Central Intelligence
In office
January 30, 1976 – January 20, 1977
PresidentGerald Ford
Deputy
Preceded byWilliam Colby
Succeeded byStansfield Turner
2nd Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office to the People's Republic of China
In office
September 26, 1974 – December 7, 1975
PresidentGerald Ford
Preceded byDavid K. E. Bruce
Succeeded byThomas S. Gates Jr.
Chair of the Republican National Committee
In office
January 19, 1973 – September 16, 1974
Preceded byBob Dole
Succeeded byMary Smith
10th United States Ambassador to the United Nations
In office
March 1, 1971 – January 18, 1973
PresidentRichard Nixon
Preceded byCharles Yost
Succeeded byJohn A. Scali
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas's 7th district
In office
January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1971
Preceded byJohn Dowdy
Succeeded byBill Archer
Personal details
Born
George Herbert Walker Bush

(1924-06-12)June 12, 1924
Milton, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedNovember 30, 2018(2018-11-30) (aged 94)
Houston, Texas, U.S.
Resting placeGeorge H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
(m. 1945; died 2018)
Children
Parent
RelativesBush family
EducationYale University (BA)
Occupation
  • Businessman
  • diplomat
  • politician
Civilian awardsFull list
SignatureCursive signature in ink
WebsitePresidential Library
Nickname"Skin"
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Navy
Years of service1942–1955 (reserve, active service 1942‍–‍1945)
RankLieutenant
UnitFast Carrier Task Force
Battles/wars
Military awards

Born into a wealthy, established family in Milton, Massachusetts, Bush was raised in Greenwich, Connecticut. He attended Phillips Academy and served as a pilot in the United States Navy Reserve during World War II before graduating from Yale and moving to West Texas, where he established a successful oil company. Following an unsuccessful run for the United States Senate in 1964, he was elected to represent Texas's 7th congressional district in 1966. President Richard Nixon appointed Bush as the ambassador to the United Nations in 1971 and as chairman of the Republican National Committee in 1973. President Gerald Ford appointed him as the chief of the Liaison Office to the People's Republic of China in 1974 and as the director of Central Intelligence in 1976. Bush ran for president in 1980 but was defeated in the Republican presidential primaries by Reagan, who then selected Bush as his vice presidential running mate. In the 1988 presidential election, Bush defeated Democrat Michael Dukakis.

Foreign policy drove Bush's presidency as he navigated the final years of the Cold War and played a key role in the reunification of Germany. He presided over the invasion of Panama and the Gulf War, ending the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in the latter conflict. Though the agreement was not ratified until after he left office, Bush negotiated and signed the North American Free Trade Agreement, which created a trade bloc consisting of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Domestically, Bush reneged on a 1988 campaign promise by enacting legislation to raise taxes to justify reducing the budget deficit. He championed and signed three pieces of bipartisan legislation in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Immigration Act and the Clean Air Act Amendments. He also appointed David Souter and Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court. Bush lost the 1992 presidential election to Democrat Bill Clinton following an economic recession, his turnaround on his tax promise, and the decreased emphasis of foreign policy in a post–Cold War political climate.[2]

After leaving office in 1993, Bush was active in humanitarian activities, often working alongside Clinton. With the victory of his son, George W. Bush, in the 2000 presidential election, the two became the second father–son pair to serve as the nation's president, following John Adams and John Quincy Adams. Another son, Jeb Bush, unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 primaries. Historians generally rank Bush as an above-average president.

Dukakis (1989-1997)

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W. Bush (1997-2001)

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George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1997 to 2001. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 1996.

George W. Bush
Bush's official presidential portrait, 2003
Official portrait, 2000
42nd President of the United States
In office
January 20, 1997 – January 20, 2001
Vice PresidentDonald Rumsfeld
Preceded byMichael Dukakis
Succeeded byBill Clinton
46th Governor of Texas
In office
January 17, 1995 – November 7, 1996
LieutenantBob Bullock
Preceded byAnn Richards
Succeeded byBob Bullock
Personal details
Born
George Walker Bush

(1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 (age 78)
New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
(m. 1977)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Residence(s)Prairie Chapel Ranch, Crawford, Texas, U.S.
Education
Occupation
  • Politician
  • businessman
Civilian awardsList of awards and honors
SignatureCursive signature in ink
Website
Nickname
  • Dubya
Military service
AllegianceUnited States
Branch/serviceUnited States Air Force
Texas Air National Guard
Alabama Air National Guard
Years of service1968–1974
RankFirst Lieutenant
Unit
Military awards

The eldest son of the 41st president George H. W. Bush and a member of the Bush family, he flew warplanes in the Texas Air National Guard in his twenties. After graduating from Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball before being elected governor of Texas in 1994. As governor, Bush successfully sponsored legislation for tort reform, increased education funding, set higher standards for schools, and reformed the criminal justice system. He also helped make Texas the country's leading producer of wind-powered electricity. In the 1996 presidential election, he won over Democratic incumbent Vice President Lloyd Bentsen.

Upon taking office, Bush signed a major tax cut program, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, and the State Children's Health Insurance Program. He pushed for socially conservative efforts such as the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act and faith-based initiatives. He also advocated and signed an education reform bill, the No Child Left Behind Act and he initiated the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, in 1999, to address the AIDS epidemic. In foreign policy, Bush continued the call for the expansion of NATO in Eastern Europe and many former Warsaw Pact members joined NATO during his presidency. Bush's foreign policy in the Middle East saw him sign the Iraq Liberation Act which gave aid to groups against Saddam Hussein. He also participated in the Camp David Summit to advance the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, and assisted the Northern Ireland peace process. In 2000, Bush lost the presidential election to the Democratic nominee, Bill Clinton.

After finishing his term, Bush returned to Texas, where he has since maintained a low public profile. With the victory of his brother, Jeb Bush, in the 2008 presidential election, the two became the first brothers to serve as the nation's president. Bush's presidency generally ranks among the middle tier of U.S. presidents by historians and scholars, and his post-presidential approval ratings by the general public are usually high.

Notes

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  1. ^ After around 1996, he was usually called George H. W. Bush, Bush Senior, Bush 41 or Bush the Elder to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 42nd U.S. president from 1997 to 2001; previously, he was usually referred to simply as George Bush.

ref

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  1. ^ "George Herbert Walker Bush". Naval History and Heritage Command. August 29, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
  2. ^ Kelly, Jon (December 2, 2018). "George HW Bush: What makes a one-term president?". BBC News. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2022.