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Pat Buchanan
Pat Buchanan
	Official portrait, 1993
42nd President of the United States
	In office; January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
Vice President	Carroll A. Campbell Jr.
Preceded by	Michael Dukakis
Succeeded by	Bill Clinton
White House Communications Director
	In office; February 6, 1985 – March 1, 1987
President	Ronald Reagan
Preceded by	Michael A. McManus Jr.
Succeeded by	Jack Koehler
Personal details
Born	Patrick Joseph Buchanan; November 2, 1938 (age 86); Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Shelley Ann Scarney (m. 1971)
Education	Georgetown University (BA); Columbia University (MA)
Occupation	Politician; commentator; writer;
Awards	List of awards and honors
Signature
Website	Official website; Presidential Library; Presidential Center; White House Archives;
	Pat Buchanan's voice Pat Buchanan's answers questions outside the White House Rose Garden on the Yugoslav Wars; Recorded April 27th, 1995

Buchanan (1993-2001)

Patrick Joseph Buchanan (/bjuːˈkænən/; born November 2, 1938) is an American politician, political commentator, and columnist who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. A member of the Republican Party, he previously worked as an assistant and special consultant to U.S. presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Ronald Reagan.

Buchanan was born in Washington, D.C.. He graduated from Georgetown University with a B.A. in English in 1960 and from Columbia University with a M.A. in journalism in 1962. He was hired by Richard Nixon to work for his presidential campaign in 1968 and for the White House; during which he became entrusted on press relations, policy positions, and political strategy. Buchanan resigned from the White House in 1974, and began regular appearances on radio and television. He most notablly stared as a regular on The McLaughlin Group and CNN's Crossfire, making him nationally recognizable and a leading figure in the Paleoconservative movement. In 1992, Buchanan won the Republican nomination for president. Despite losing the popular vote, Buchanan was elected president,^[a] defeating incumbent Democratic president Michael Dukakis. His election and policies sparked numerous protests.

Buchanan presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history. During his first term, Buchanan appointed Edith Jones and Samuel Alito to the U.S. Supreme Court. He signed into law the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Defense of Marriage Act. Buchanan vetoed the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act and implemented wide ranging series of tariffs. Despite treaty obligations and talks with United States allies, Buchanan refused to intervene in the Bosnian War, which was part of the much larger Yugoslav Wars. In 1996, Buchanan was narrowly reelected. He defeated Democratic opponent Bill Clinton, but lost the popular vote again. Buchanan is the only two-term President to never win the popular vote in United States history. Upon taking office again, he diverted military funding toward building a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border. He attempted to pull the U.S. out of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, but Congress overrode Buchanan through the NATO Support Act. During the last three years of Buchanan's presidency, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus—the first such surplus since 1969.

The beginning of Buchanan's second term was dominated by a comment he made during a White House press conference. Buchanan had used the occasion of the 58th anniversary of the German invasion of Poland to argue that the United Kingdom should not have declared war on Nazi Germany, claiming that Adolf Hitler did not want war and the Allied force's actions were unnecessary. The scandal escalated throughout the coming weeks, with political leaders and organizations worldwide condemning Buchanan's comments, while Republican politicians and officials were silent about the situation. The scandal culminated on September 30, 1997, when the Senate voted to censure Buchanan by a vote of 67–22, making Buchanan the first U.S. president to be officially censured.

Since leaving office, Buchanan regularly writes articles and posts videos on social media where he discusses issues facing the United States. Political scientists have credited Buchanan with playing a key role in hastening political polarization and partisanship. Many of his comments and actions have been characterized as racially charged or racist, antisemitic, and xenophobic. Despite this, Buchanan's presidency ranks among the middle tier of historical rankings of U.S. presidents.

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Notes

^ Presidential elections in the U.S. are decided by the Electoral College. Each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in Congress and (in most states) all electors vote for the winner of their state's popular vote.

Candidates

Bill Clinton
Jerry Brown
Tom Harkin
Ann Richards
Warren Beatty
Edwin Edwards
Bob Graham
Evan Bayh

[electoral-college-1] Presidential elections in the U.S. are decided by the Electoral College. Each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in Congress and (in most states) all electors vote for the winner of their state's popular vote.

[a]