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User:Informant16/sandbox/Foreign policy of Nancy Pelosi

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Official portrait of Pelosi

The foreign policy of Nancy Pelosi is reflected in her congressional votes and public statements.

China/Hong Kong/Taiwan

[edit]
Pelosi with Chinese premier Wen Jiabao during a trip to China in 2009
Pelosi with Hong Kong activists who have become prominent figures in the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
Pelosi with Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen during her trip to Taiwan in 2022

After the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, Pelosi sought to take a harsher position toward China than President George H.W. Bush.[1]: 210  With the support of Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell, she took a lead role for the Democrats in criticizing Bush's China policy.[1]: 210  Pelosi's view was that Congress should oppose the annual presidential waiver for China under the Jackson-Vanik Amendment, an amendment to the Trade Act of 1974 that required the president to inform Congress if he intended to waive the Act to have a most favored nation trading relationship with a non-market economy.[1]: 211  Pelosi said that if China's economy suffered, Chinese people would be unhappy with their government and this would serve to advance democracy in China.[1]: 223 

As part of a Congressional delegation, Pelosi unfurled a banner in the square in 1991, provoking a confrontation with Chinese police.[2] She advocated for Chinese political prisoners and dissidents to be able to come to the U.S.[2] In 1999, ahead of Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji's visit to the U.S. for talks over World Trade Organization admission for China, Pelosi called on President Clinton and Vice President Gore to ask Zhu to recognize the 1989 protests as a pro-democracy effort.[3]

In 2008, after a meeting with the Dalai Lama and officials in the Tibetan government-in-exile, Pelosi criticized the People's Republic of China for its handling of the unrest in Tibet; addressing a crowd of thousands of Tibetans in Dharamsala, India, Pelosi called on "freedom-loving people" worldwide to denounce China for its human rights abuses in Tibet.[4] The same year, Pelosi commended the European Parliament for its "bold decision" to award the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought to Chinese dissident and human rights activist Hu Jia, and called upon the Chinese government "to immediately and unconditionally release Hu Jia from prison and to respect the fundamental freedoms of all the people in China."[5]

In 2010, Pelosi backed a bill naming China a currency manipulator, which would appease exporters.[6]

Pelosi criticized the imprisonment of Hong Kong democracy activists in August 2017 for their roles in a protest at the Civic Square in front of the Central Government Complex in Hong Kong. She called the ruling an injustice that should "shock the conscience of the world".[7]

Before the Trump administration took concrete measures against China in late March 2018, Pelosi and other Democratic leaders pressed Trump to focus more on China and impose real punishments, such as fulfilling his own campaign commitments to name China a currency manipulator and stop China from pressuring U.S. tech companies into giving up intellectual property rights. Pelosi urged Trump to take a strong stand against unfair market barriers in China.[8][9][10][11]

In September 2019, Pelosi met with Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Joshua Wong on Capitol Hill; Chinese media responded by accusing Pelosi of "backing and encouraging radical activists".[12]

On the eve of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, Pelosi advised American athletes competing: "I would say to our athletes, 'You're there to compete. Do not risk incurring the anger of the Chinese government, because they are ruthless'".[13]

On August 2, 2022, Pelosi became the highest-ranking U.S. government official to visit Taiwan in 25 years.[14][15][16] President Joe Biden discouraged but did not prevent Pelosi from traveling to Taiwan, and the White House later affirmed her right to visit.[17][18][19] Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and 25 Senate Republicans backed Pelosi's decision to visit,[20] issuing a joint statement that also supported the trip.[21] Her trip triggered a new round of hostilities in the already tense relationship between the U.S. and China.[22] During and after her visit, China undertook a series of retaliatory measures against Taiwan and the United States. Pelosi said her visit was a sign of the U.S. Congress's commitment to Taiwan.[22] During her visit, she met with Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-Wen and called Taiwan one of the "freest societies in the world".[23]

Colombia

[edit]

Pelosi publicly scolded Colombian president Álvaro Uribe during Uribe's May 2007 state visit to America. Pelosi met with Uribe and later released a statement that she and other members of Congress had "expressed growing concerns about the serious allegations" of links between paramilitary groups and Colombian government officials.[24] Pelosi also came out against the Colombian free-trade agreement.[25]

Cuba

[edit]
Pelosi and Secretary of State John Kerry at Estadio Latinoamericano in Havana, Cuba, March 2016

In 2008, Pelosi said: "For years, I have opposed the embargo on Cuba. I don't think it's been successful, and I think we have to remove the travel bans and have more exchanges—people to people exchanges with Cuba."[26] In 2015, Pelosi supported President Obama's Cuban Thaw, a rapprochement between the U.S. and Castro's regime in Cuba, and visited Havana for meetings with high-level officials.[27]

First Gulf War

[edit]

Pelosi opposed U.S. intervention in the 1991 Gulf War.[28][29]

Iran

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Pelosi with Secretary of State John Kerry and Senators John McCain and Mark Warner before greeting the new King Salman of Saudi Arabia in Riyadh, January 2015

In an interview on February 15, 2007, Pelosi said that Bush consistently said he supports a diplomatic resolution to differences with Iran "and I take him at his word". At the same time, she said, "I do believe that Congress should assert itself, though, and make it very clear that there is no previous authority for the president, any president, to go into Iran".[30] On January 12, 2007, Congressman Walter B. Jones of North Carolina introduced a resolution[31] requiring that—absent a national emergency created by an attack, or a demonstrably imminent attack, by Iran upon the United States or its armed forces—the president must consult with Congress and receive specific authorization prior to initiating any use of military force against Iran.[32] This resolution was removed from a military spending bill for the war in Iraq by Pelosi on March 13, 2007.

In July 2015, Pelosi said she was convinced Obama would have enough votes to secure the Iran nuclear deal, crediting the president with having made a "very strong and forceful presentation of his case supporting the nuclear agreement with Iran" and called the deal "a diplomatic masterpiece".[33]

In 2016, Pelosi argued against two bills that if enacted would block Iran's access to the dollar and impose sanctions for its ballistic missile program: "Regardless of whether you supported the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), we all agree that Iran must not possess a nuclear weapon. At this time, the JCPOA is the best way to achieve this critical goal."[34]

In May 2018, after Trump announced his intention to withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal, Pelosi said the decision was an abdication of American leadership and "particularly senseless, disturbing & dangerous".[35]

Iraq War

[edit]
Pelosi with service members stationed at the Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, 2010

In 2002, Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President George W. Bush to use military force against Iraq, which passed the House on a 296–133 vote.[36][37] Pelosi said that "unilateral use of force without first exhausting every diplomatic remedy and other remedies and making a case to the American people will be harmful to our war on terrorism."[38] In explaining her opposition to the resolution, Pelosi said CIA Director George Tenet had told Congress the likelihood of Saddam Hussein's launching an attack on the U.S. using weapons of mass destruction was low, saying: "This is about the Constitution It is about this Congress asserting its right to declare war when we are fully aware what the challenges are to us. It is about respecting the United Nations and a multilateral approach, which is safer for our troops."[37]

Although Pelosi voted against the Iraq War, anti-war activists in San Francisco protested against her voting to continue funding the war. UC Berkeley political scientist Bruce Cain said Pelosi had to balance the demands of her anti-war constituency against the moderate views of Democrats in tight races around the country in her role as minority leader.[39] Pelosi has never faced a serious challenger to her left in her district.[40]

Israel

[edit]
Pelosi at AIPAC's annual Policy Conference in Washington, D.C.

Pelosi has reaffirmed that "America and Israel share an unbreakable bond: in peace and war; and in prosperity and in hardship".[41] She has emphasized that "a strong relationship between the United States and Israel has long been supported by both Democrats and Republicans. America's commitment to the safety and security of the State of Israel is unwavering ... [h]owever, the war in Iraq has made both America and Israel less safe." Pelosi's voting record shows consistent support for Israel. Pelosi voted in favor of the Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995, which urged the federal government to relocate the American embassy in Israel to Jerusalem.[42] Before the 2006 elections in the Palestinian Authority, she voted for a Congressional initiative that disapproved of participation in the elections by Hamas and other organizations the legislation defined as terrorist. She agrees with the current U.S. stance in support of land-for-peace. She has applauded Israeli "hopeful signs" of offering land while criticizing Palestinian "threats" of not demonstrating peace in turn. Pelosi has said, "If the Palestinians agree to coordinate with Israel on the evacuation, establish the rule of law, and demonstrate a capacity to govern, the world may be convinced that finally there is a real partner for peace".[41]

During the 2006 Lebanon War, Pelosi voted in favor of Resolution 921: "... seizure of Israeli soldiers by Hezbollah terrorists was an unprovoked attack and Israel has the right, and indeed the obligation, to respond." She argues that organizations and political bodies in the Mideast like Hamas and Hezbollah "have a greater interest in maintaining a state of hostility with Israel than in improving the lives of the people they claim to represent". Pelosi asserts that civilians on both sides of the border "have been put at risk by the aggression of Hamas and Hezbollah" in part for their use of "civilians as shields by concealing weapons in civilian areas".[43]

In September 2008, Pelosi hosted a reception in Washington with Israeli Speaker of the Knesset Dalia Itzik, along with 20 members of Congress, where they toasted the "strong friendship" between Israel and the United States. During the ceremony, Pelosi held up replica dog tags of the three Israeli soldiers captured by Hezbollah and Hamas in 2006 and said she keeps them as a "symbol of the sacrifices made, sacrifices far too great by the people of the state of Israel".[44]

Pelosi and Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem, January 2020

Pelosi supported Israel in the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.[45] In March 2018 Pelosi said, "There is no greater political accomplishment in the 20th Century than the establishment of the State of Israel."[46] Pelosi condemned Rep. Ilhan Omar of Minnesota for posting controversial tweets related to Jews and Israel.[47] In March 2019, she said, "Israel and America are connected now and forever. We will never allow anyone to make Israel a wedge issue."[48]

In January 2017, Pelosi voted against a House resolution that would condemn the UN Security Council Resolution 2334. This UN Security Council Resolution called Israeli settlement building in the occupied Palestinian territories in the West Bank a "flagrant violation" of international law and a major obstacle to peace.[49][50] She condemned the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement targeting Israel.[51]

Pelosi has voiced heavy criticism over Israel's plan to annex parts of the West Bank and the Jordan Valley. She said Israeli annexation would undermine U.S. national security interests.[52] Pelosi said that Democrats are taking "a great pride" in Barack Obama's Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that Israel signed with the Obama administration in 2016, for a guarantee of $38 billion in defense assistance over a decade.[52]

On January 28, 2024, Pelosi suggested that some pro-Palestinian protesters calling for a ceasefire in the Israel–Hamas war could be connected to Russia and called on the FBI to investigate the possible connection.[53]

After the drone strikes on aid workers from World Central Kitchen in April 2024, Pelosi, Mark Pocan, James P. McGovern, Jan Schakowsky, and 36 other Congressional Democratics urged President Biden in an open letter to reconsider planned arms shipments to the Israeli military.[54][55]

North Korea

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Nancy Pelosi is one of the few members of Congress to have traveled to North Korea. She has expressed concern about the danger of nuclear proliferation from the North Korean regime, and the ongoing problems of hunger and oppression imposed by that country's leadership.[56][57]

In August 2017, following Trump's warning that North Korea "will be met with fire and fury like the world has never seen" in the event of further threats to the United States, Pelosi said the comments were "recklessly belligerent and demonstrate a grave lack of appreciation for the severity of the North Korean nuclear situation. His saber-rattling and provocative, impulsive rhetoric erode our credibility."[58]

In November 2017, after the Pentagon sent a letter to lawmakers stating a ground invasion was the only way to destroy all North Korea's nuclear weapons without concern for having missed any, Pelosi said she was concerned about Pyongyang's selling nuclear technology to third parties and called for the United States to "exhaust every other remedy".[59]

In June 2018, after Trump praised North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, Pelosi said in a statement, "In his haste to reach an agreement, President Trump elevated North Korea to the level of the United States while preserving the regime's status quo."[60]

Russia

[edit]
Pelosi meeting with Russian president Dmitry Medvedev, foreign minister Sergey Lavrov, and ambassador Sergey Kislyak, June 2010

In December 2017, Pelosi wrote a letter to Speaker Paul Ryan advocating for the continued House investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election on the grounds that Americans deserved "a comprehensive and fair investigation into Russia's attack" and "America's democracy and national security" being at stake. Pelosi cited the need for Congress to "fully investigate Russia's assault on our election systems to prevent future foreign attacks".[61]

In February 2018, after the release of a Republican report alleging surveillance abuses by the Justice Department, Pelosi accused Trump of siding with Russian president Vladimir Putin at the expense of preserving intelligence sources and methods.[62] In July, Pelosi asserted that Trump was afraid to mention the 12 indictments against people connected to the intelligence community in Russia during his meeting with Putin and questioned what intelligence the Russians had on Trump to cause his behavior.[63] She said Putin would not be welcomed by Congress even if he visited Washington as a result of his actions: "Putin's ongoing attacks on our elections and on Western democracies and his illegal actions in Crimea and the rest of Ukraine deserve the fierce, unanimous condemnation of the international community, not a VIP ticket to our nation's capital." She called for House Speaker Ryan to "make clear that there is not — and never will be — an invitation for a thug like Putin to address the United States Congress."[64]

On multiple occasions, Pelosi said of Trump, "With him, all roads lead to Putin," including with regard to the Trump-Ukraine scandal,[65] a lack of action against the alleged Russian bounty program,[66] and Trump's incitement of the January 6 United States Capitol attack.[67]

Syria, Libya, and Afghanistan

[edit]

Pelosi supports the Syria Accountability Act and Iran Freedom and Support Act. In a speech at the AIPAC 2005 annual conference, Pelosi said that "for too long, leaders from both parties haven't done enough" to put pressure on Russia and China who are providing Iran with technological information on nuclear issues and missiles. "If evidence of participation by other nations in Iran's nuclear program is discovered, I will insist that the Administration use, rather than ignore, the evidence in determining how the U.S. deals with that nation or nations on other issues."[68] In April 2007, Pelosi visited Syria, where she met Foreign Minister Walid Muallem, Vice President Farouk al-Sharaa and President Bashar Al-Assad, despite President Bush efforts to isolate Syria, because of militants crossing from Syria into Iraq, and supporting Hezbollah and Hamas.[69] During her visit, she conveyed Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert message for peace, and toured in Al-Hamidiyah Souq,[70] and the Umayyad Mosque.[71]

Pelosi supported the NATO-led military intervention in Libya in 2011.[72] She also favored arming Syria's rebel fighters.[73]

In January 2019, Pelosi criticized President Trump's planned withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria and Afghanistan. She called Trump's announcement a "Christmas gift to Vladimir Putin".[74] In an October 2019 letter to Democratic caucus members, Pelosi wrote that both parties were condemning President Trump's deserting the US's "Kurdish allies in a foolish attempt to appease an authoritarian strongman" Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey and opined that the decision "poses a dire threat to regional security and stability, and sends a dangerous message to Iran and Russia, as well as our allies, that the United States is no longer a trusted partner".[75] Later that month, she visited Jordan to discuss the Syrian situation with King Abdullah II.[76] Afterwards, she went to Afghanistan, where she met President Ashraf Ghani and chief executive officer Abdullah Abdullah, and she was also briefed by U.S. diplomats on reconciliation efforts with the Taliban.[77]

Turkey

[edit]

In mid-October 2007, after the House Foreign Affairs Committee passed a resolution to label the 1915 killing of Armenians by Ottoman Turks as genocide, Pelosi pledged to bring the measure to a vote.[78] The draft resolution prompted warnings from President Bush and fierce criticism from Turkey, with Turkey's Prime Minister saying that approval of the resolution would endanger U.S.–Turkey relations.[79] After House support eroded, the measure's sponsors dropped their call for a vote, and in late October Pelosi agreed to set the matter aside.[80]

The resolution was passed during Pelosi's second term as Speaker. The House voted 405 to 11 in October 2019 to confirm the resolution.[81]

Ukraine

[edit]

On April 30, 2022, Pelosi met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, to pledge U.S. support for Ukraine during the Russian invasion.[82][83]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Lampton, David M. (2024). Living U.S.-China Relations: From Cold War to Cold War. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-8725-8.
  2. ^ a b Pelosi has landed in Taiwan. Here's why that's a big deal
  3. ^ Greene, David L. (April 8, 1999). "Pelosi still fighting for human rights progress in China; Congresswoman delivers biting message to Clinton as he readies to meet Zhu". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  4. ^ "Pelosi calls on nations to protest China's hold on Tibet". CNN. March 20, 2008. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  5. ^ Pelosi, Nancy (October 24, 2008). "Pelosi Statement on Chinese Human Rights Activist Hu Jia Receiving Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought" (Press release). United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on October 30, 2008. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
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  7. ^ Cheung, Karen (August 18, 2017). "US Democratic leader says Occupy activists' sentencing should 'shock the conscience of the world'". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
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  23. ^ Teh, Cheryl. "Nancy Pelosi calls Taiwan one of the 'freest societies in the world' during visit to the island". Business Insider. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
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  28. ^ "Left-Handed Compliment". Opinion Journal. Archived from the original on May 26, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  29. ^ Pelosi, Nancy; Bloom, Saul (1994). Hidden Casualties: Environmental, Health and Political Consequences of the Persian Gulf War. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-55643-163-0.
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  31. ^ H.J.Res.14: Concerning the use of military force by the United States against Iran
  32. ^ "Jones Introduces Resolution Requiring Congressional Approval Prior to Use of Military Force Against Iran" (Press release). January 12, 2007. Archived from the original on January 20, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  33. ^ Davis, Susan (July 30, 2015). "Pelosi says Iran deal 'a diplomatic masterpiece'". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
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  35. ^ "Dems hammer Trump over withdrawal from Iran deal". May 8, 2018. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  36. ^ Cite error: The named reference HouseClerk was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  37. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference MitchellIraq was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  38. ^ Cite error: The named reference House2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  39. ^ McCormick, E. (January 15, 2006). "SAN FRANCISCO / Anti-war activists take Pelosi to task / Minority leader negotiates with lawmakers to her right". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  40. ^ Mai-Duc, Christine (April 26, 2017). "Nancy Pelosi just got a challenger and he's a 'pretty hard-core' Bernie Sanders supporter". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  41. ^ a b "Pelosi Delivers Speech to American Israel Public Affairs Committee". democraticleader.house.gov. 2005. Archived from the original on February 2, 2006. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
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  52. ^ a b "Israeli annexation will 'undermine US national security interests' – Pelosi". The Jerusalem Post. June 6, 2020.
  53. ^ "Pelosi Wants F.B.I. to Investigate Pro-Palestinian Protesters". The New York Times. January 28, 2024.
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  55. ^ FINAL Letter to Biden Admin re WCK Airstrike and Arms Transfers (5 April 2024, pocan.house.gov)
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  63. ^ "Pelosi: 'The Russians have something on the president'". The Hill. July 16, 2018. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
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  65. ^ "'All roads lead to Putin': Impeachment ties Ukraine, Russia". Associated Press. December 6, 2019. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
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  67. ^ "Did Hillary Clinton Suggest Trump Spoke to Putin During Capitol Riot?". Snopes.com. January 19, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
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  74. ^ Keating, Joshua (December 21, 2018). "Are Democrats Hypocrites for Criticizing Trump's Troop Withdrawals?". Slate. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
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