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Deodoro Olympic Whitewater Stadium
Deodoro Whitewater Stadium logo
About
LocaleRio de Janiero, Brazil
Managing agent2016 Rio de Janiero Olympic Games
DesignerWhitewater Parks International
Main shapeTwo Loops
Adjustableyes
Pumped7 pumps, 3.0 m3/s (110 cu ft/s) each
Lightingyes
Canoe liftyes
Opening date2016 (2016)
Stats
LengthCompetition: 250 metres (820 ft) Training: 200 metres (656 ft)
DropConpetition: 4.5 metres (14.8 ft) Training: 200 metres (656 ft)
SlopeCompetition: 1.8% (95 ft/mi) Recreation: 1.0% (53 ft/mi)
FlowrateCompetition: 12.0 m3/s (420 cu ft/s) Training: 10.0 m3/s (350 cu ft/s)

Riversport Rapids is a non-profit outdoor recreation and athletic training facility for whitewater rafting, kayaking, canoeing, rock climbing, and ziplining which opened to the public on April 28, 2016. The Center is located in Oklahoma City on land adjacent to the Oklahoma River.

The Main Complex as seen from the Long Channel past the M-Wave.

The creators of the Center were inspired by the Penrith Whitewater Stadium built for the 2000 Olympics. The Center's primary feature is the world's largest and most complex recirculating artificial whitewater river. The facility cost $38 million to build, and costs $6.8 million per year to operate.[1] The river channels were designed by three-time Olympian Scott Shipley.[2]

Whitewater channels

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The Center's recirculating river is filled with 12 million gallons of well water, which is cleaned every 24 hours by a filtration and ultraviolet system.[3][4] The whitewater portion of the river has a total of 3,750 feet (1,140 m) of channel divided between two channels: the Olympic-standard slalom competition channel and the longer wilderness channel, which splits around an island at the top. The rapids are Class II to IV and can be navigated via canoe, kayak or a guided raft. The different channels are linked by an Upper and Lower Pool which are connected via a moving-belt boat-lift conveyor.[5]

Each channel is watered by three of the seven 680-horsepower pumps. Six pumps will water both channels simultaneously. The electricity cost of each pump is about $45 per hour. When only one channel is used, an inflated barrier rises up from the bottom to prevent water from entering the unused channel. Since both channels have the same drop, 6.4 metres (21 ft), the extra length of the long channel gives it a gentler slope.[3]

Most of the water diverters are natural boulders cemented in place, but there is some use of moveable plastic bollards attached to the bottom. There are five barn door diverters hinged to the channel sides and positioned by hydraulic pistons, two above the M-Wave on the long channel, and three in the slalom competition channel. The M-Wave is designed to replicate the famous M-Wave in an irrigation channel near Montrose, Colorado.[3]

The National Office of USA Canoe/Kayak, which manages the US canoe and kayak Olympic teams, is located in Charlotte because of its proximity to the USNWC.[6] In April 2011, the team trials for the US national whitewater team were held at USNWC.[7]

Activities

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References

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  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference NewsPost was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Scott Shipley resume
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference DPost was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Whitmire, Tim (2006-07-01). "$32 million, 12 million gallons bring rapids to Charlotte". The Telegraph. Associated Press. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  5. ^ Greenstein, Leah. "World's Largest Whitewater Park". WetDawg. Retrieved 2006-08-23.
  6. ^ http://usack.org/about-usa-canoe-kayak/staff-directory
  7. ^ http://usack.org/news/2011/04/18/usa-canoe-kayak-announces-the-2011-national-slalom-team/41890 . Retrieved July 1, 2011.
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Episodes

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No. Episode Original air date
1"Déjà Vu" (1858 – 1961) 90 minutesSeptember 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
After a century of French occupation, Vietnam emerges independent but divided into North and South.
2"Riding the Tiger" (1961 – 1963) 90 minutesSeptember 18, 2017 (2017-09-18)
As a communist insurgency gains strength, President Kennedy wrestles with American involvement in South Vietnam.
3"The River Styx" (January 1964 – December 1965) 2 hoursSeptember 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
With South Vietnam near collapse, President Johnson begins bombing the North and sends US troops to the South.
4"Resolve" (January 1966 – June 1967) 2 hoursSeptember 20, 2017 (2017-09-20)
US soldiers discover Vietnam is unlike their fathers’ war, while the antiwar movement grows.
5"This Is What We Do" (July 1967 – December 1967) 90 minutesSeptember 21, 2017 (2017-09-21)
Johnson escalates the war while promising the American public that victory is in sight.
6"Things Fall Apart" (January 1968 – July 1968) 90 minutesSeptember 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
Shaken by the Tet Offensive, assassinations and unrest, America seems to be coming apart.
7"The Veneer of Civilization" (June 1968 – May 1969) 2 hoursSeptember 25, 2017 (2017-09-25)
After chaos roils the Democratic Convention, Richard Nixon, promising peace, narrowly wins the presidency.
8"The History of the World" (April 1969 – May 1970) 2 hoursSeptember 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
Nixon withdraws US troops but when he sends forces into Cambodia the antiwar movement reignites.
9"A Disrespectful Loyalty" (May 1970 – March 1973) 2 hoursSeptember 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
South Vietnam fights on its own as Nixon and Kissinger find a way out for America. American POWs return.
10"The Weight of Memory" (March 1973 – Onward) 2 hoursSeptember 28, 2017 (2017-09-28)
Saigon falls and the war ends. Americans and Vietnamese from all sides search for reconciliation.

Marbury v. Madison

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The Marbury v. Madison decision expanded the power of the Supreme Court in general, while announcing that the 1789 law which gave the Court jurisdiction in this case was unconstitutional. Marbury thus lost his case, which the Court said he should have won, but, in explaining its inability to provide Marbury the remedy he deserved, the Court established the principle of judicial review, i.e., the ability to declare a law unconstitutional.[1]

  1. ^ McBride, Alex (December 2006). "The Supreme Court ,The Court and Democracy, Landmark Cases, Marbury v. Madison (1803)". Thirteen/WNET New York. Retrieved 22 September 2017.

References

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