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The skyline of Melbourne in January 2019, as viewed from the Shrine of Remembrance.

Melbourne, the second-largest city in Australia, is home to approximately 758 completed high-rise buildings.[1] Of those completed and or topped-out, 61 buildings are defined as "skyscrapers"–buildings which reach a height of at least 150 metres (490 ft); more than any other city in Australia. Of the ten tallest buildings in Australia, six are located in Melbourne. Most of Melbourne's tallest skyscrapers are concentrated in the City Centre precinct; however, other locations of prominent skyscrapers and tall buildings in Melbourne include Carlton, Docklands, Southbank, South Melbourne, South Yarra, and St Kilda Road.

Geographically, Melbourne's central business district, defined by a grid of streets known as the Hoddle Grid, has a historically low central shopping area with high rise cluster in the western financial district, and another cluster in eastern end. Buildings are more densely packed in the west than the east, although the east has two of the city's tallest buildings to architectural feature—120 Collins Street and 101 Collins Street, respectively, whilst the Rialto Towers (located on the west side) is tallest by roof. In the 2010s, another skyscraper cluster rose in the northern section, with Aurora Melbourne Central the tallest. As a whole, the city overtook Sydney in 2011 as having the tallest skyline in the country and the 24th–tallest in the world, when the heights of the top ten tallest buildings in the city are combined.[2]

Historically, Melbourne has represented several "firsts" and been the holder of various records, both in Australia and internationally. The city is notable for being one of the first cities in the world to build numerous tall office buildings, alongside New York City and Chicago in the United States, though Melbourne's first skyscraper boom was very short lived, 1888-1892. Melbourne was the location for Australia's first high–rise, the APA Building, constructed during this boom in 1889.[3] Melbourne was also the location for the first modern post-WW2 high-rise in Australia, ICI House built in 1958.[3] From 1986 to 2005, Melbourne's held the title of tallest buildings in Australia, with the Rialto Towers (1986–91), 101 Collins Street (1991) and 120 Collins Street (1991–2005). Since 2006, the city has been home to the second-tallest building in the country, the Eureka Tower (2006–19) and Australia 108 (2019–present); surpassed only by the Gold Coast's Q1, both the Eureka Tower, and later Australia 108, have maintained the title of tallest building in Australia to roof.

History and specifications

[edit]
Further information: Architecture of Melbourne
19th century

The late 1880s 'land boom' saw the construction of approximately a dozen 'lofty edifices' of 8 to 10 floors, made possible by the introduction of a pressurised hydraulic power network to operate lifts, and taking load bearing brickwork to great heights.[3] The APA Building (Australian Building) at 12 floors plus spire, was by far the tallest, and can claim to be Australia's first 'skyscraper' and amongst the tallest building in the world when completed in 1889.[3] Aside from the APA Building, a total of 11 'skyscrapers' were located in the Melbourne city centre during this period, including the Finks Building and 3 matching ‘Prell's Buildings’. They were all built in an elaborate High Victorian style, with facades of stucco Renaissance Revival elements, except the APA building which was in red brick Queen Anne, prompting architectural historian Miles Lewis to comment that Melbourne had become a "Queen Anne Chicago".[4] All except two were torn down in the post war boom of the 1960s and 70s, with the APA controversially demolished in 1981.

Melbourne's skyline from the Yarra River in 1934.
20th century

Melbourne was the first city in Australia to undergo a post-war high-rise boom beginning in the late 1950s, though Sydney in the following decades built more, with over 50 high-rise buildings constructed between the 1970s–90s.[5][6]

In 1972, 140 William Street (formerly BHP House) became Melbourne's first skyscraper to surpass the height of 150 metres. The William Street building was the city's tallest for a few years, and remains one of the few heritage registered skyscrapers in Melbourne. Slightly taller, the Optus Centre was completed in 1975; and then in 1977 Nauru House was crowned the tallest building in Melbourne, at a height of 182 metres. In 1978, what would be the first of two Collins Place towers was opened, at a height of 188 metres.

By the early 1980s, Melbourne had a total of 6 buildings above 150 metres, with the completion of the Wentworth (later Regent then Sofitel) Hotel at Collins Place in 1980. In 1986, the Rialto Towers surpassed Sydney's MLC Centre as the tallest building not only in Australia but in the Southern Hemisphere, with a height of 251 metres. At the time of its opening it was the 25th–tallest building in the world.[7] The 1990s brought Melbourne another 9 buildings over 150 metres; 5 of which exceed heights of 200 metres. Specifically, 1991 saw the construction of the 260-metre-tall (850 ft) 101 Collins Street, which was crowned the tallest building in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere; it was surpassed in height later that year with the completion of the nearby 120 Collins Street.[8] The skyscraper, which stands at 266 metres in height, held the titles for tallest building in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere for fourteen years, until the completion of the Gold Coast's Q1 in 2005.

21st century
Melbourne's two tallest buildings, Eureka Tower (left) and Australia 108 (right), were constructed in 2006 and 2020, respectively.

During the 2000s, over 20 high-rise structures were completed, including the Eureka Tower, which overtook 120 Collins Street as the tallest building in Melbourne, and further became the second-tallest in Australia (although tallest to its roof).[9][10] Eureka Tower was also the tallest residential building in the world, until surpassed by Ocean Heights and the HHHR Tower in Dubai. It is currently the 15th-tallest apartment building in the world.[11]

Such trend has continued throughout the 2010s, with Prima Pearl, Victoria One, Aurora Melbourne Central, and Swanston Central being constructed, all of which stand above 230 metres (750 ft) in height. This feat has been described as the "Manhattanization of Melbourne".[12] Throughout the decade, the city experienced an "unprecedented" high-rise construction boom;[13][14][15] of buildings expected to reach 150 metres (or above) in height, 6 have topped-out, 13 are under-construction, over 20 have received approval, and another few have been proposed—more than any other city in Australia.[1][16] In 2019, the topping-out of Australia 108 saw it surpass the Eureka Tower as the tallest building in Melbourne and the tallest building in Australia to roof; it also became Australia's first skyscraper to comprise at least 100 floors, and Melbourne's first building to be defined as a "supertall" skyscraper (buildings which reach heights of 300 metres to 600 metres). Of those buildings currently under construction and expected to be completed in the 2020s, one project will surpass 250 metres (820 ft) in height; West Side Place Tower 1.

The proliferation of skyscrapers in Australia over the past decades has also contributed to the city rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne.[17] Whilst the first skyscraper in Australia was constructed in Sydney in 1967 (Australia Square), Melbourne has had the most skyscrapers above 150 metres in the country and indeed within Oceania, for almost 33 years in total; from 1972 to 1989 (equal first with Sydney during 1972–74 and 1976–77), from 1991 to 1999, in 2006 (shared with Sydney), and again since 2015 (equal to Sydney from 2015 to 2016).[18]

Height limits

[edit]

Following much discussion, a 40-metre (130 ft) height limit was introduced to Melbourne in 1916, along with regulations concerning fire-proof construction. This height is often said to have been the limit of fire ladders at the time, but this was an idea that the then fire chief allowed to be widely circulated even though the tallest ladder rose to only 25-metres (82 ft), in order to ensure that fire safety was paramount.[19] The main reasons for the limit, as well as fire proofing, were the preservation of light and air to the streets, avoiding congestion, and the influence of the City Beautiful movement, preferring evenly scaled streetscapes over those with buildings of varying heights.[20] The height limit remained in force for nearly 40 years, allowing only uninhabited 'architectural features' to project beyond the 40 metre limit. The Manchester Unity Building, for instance, achieved a total height of 64-metres (210 ft) to the top of its corner tower.

A variation was first granted in 1955 that enabled the construction of ICI House to a height of 81-metres (266 ft), and so Melbourne therefore became the first city in Australia to allow a modern high–rise.[21] The variation was on the basis that the design included an open garden space at ground level, introducing the concept of floor area ratio, where a total allowable floor area is used instead of a specific height limit. This was formalised by 'plot ratios' of 1:8 to 1:12 for different areas of the CBD in the "Borrie Report" in 1964,[22] which was modified into a series of 'plot ratio benefit' scheme in the early 1980s, where the upper level of floor area could only be achieved in return for certain public benefits, such as a public arcade. Plot ratios remained in force for every site until 1999, when the 'New Format' Planning Scheme included plot ratios for entire city blocks rather than individual sites, a control that was mostly ignored.[23] By the early 2010s, new towers in the CBD had average plot ratios of 37:1.[24]

In September 2015, the Minister for Planning, Richard Wynne, introduced a 12-month height limit of approximately 229-metres (751 ft) for all buildings proposed in the Melbourne City Centre and segments of Southbank, along with interim planning laws that re-introduced a floor area ratio of 18:1, which could be exceeded up to a maximum of 24:1 only with the provision of certain public benefits. Should projects exceed the plot ratio, developers will need to make a special case to the Minister, outlining the proposal's state significance.[25] These controls were made permanent in September 2016.[26] Buildings proposed prior to September 2015, such as Australia 108, which has a plot ratio of 46.6:1, were exempt from the new law.[27]

Precincts

[edit]
Precinct of
Melbourne		 C T-O U-C O–H A P
Carlton 1 0 0 0 0 0
City Centre 41 4 11 1 6 1
Docklands 0 0 0 0 1 0
Southbank 11 2 2 0 14 2
South Melbourne 0 0 0 0 3 0
South Yarra 1 0 0 0 0 0
St Kilda Road 1 0 0 0 0 0
Total 55 6 13 1 24 3

The central business district skyline is broken down into two distinct sections: the east and west, divided by the Swanston Street.[28] The tallest buildings on the eastern side of the skyline are 120 Collins Street and 101 Collins Street, whilst the tallest on the western side are the Rialto Towers, 568 Collins Street, and Bourke Place.

Since the 2000s, high-rise density has taken form in urban renewal regions like Southbank.

Significant new skylines have emerged outside of the Melbourne City Centre, especially within the inner-city suburb of Southbank. This precinct, located adjacent to the City Centre, includes some of the tallest buildings in Melbourne, such as Australia 108, Eureka Tower, and Prima Pearl.[29]

South Yarra, St Kilda Road (a locality adjacent to the City Centre), and the inner-city suburb Carlton, each comprise a skyscraper above 150 metres in height. Other inner-city suburbs, such as Docklands and South Melbourne each have skyscrapers (of heights reaching at least 150 metres) in proposed or approved stages of development.[30]

Functions

[edit]

Most of Melbourne's skyscrapers constructed by the 1990s were built for commercial purposes—specifically, used as offices. Exceptions to this, include the mixed-use building Sofitel Hotel (1980) on Collins Place, and the all-hotel Crown Towers (1997) in Southbank.[31] 2005 ushered in the first residential skyscrapers in Melbourne, with two built that year.[32] By 2010, 72% of skyscrapers built in Melbourne were of commercial use, 12% residential, 12% mixed-use, and 4% hotel.[33] The trend towards residential skyscrapers has continued significantly; in 2015, 58% of skyscrapers present within the city were of commercial use, 26% residential, 13% mixed-use and 3% hotel.[34] These figures are set to change dramatically by 2020; when factoring those buildings still under-construction (but to be completed by 2020), 44% of the city's skyscrapers will be of residential use, 35% commercial, 18% mixed-use, 2% hotel, and 2% government.[35]

Completed

[edit]
The skyline of Melbourne city as viewed from Williamstown, Victoria, in June 2015. Prominent skyscrapers visible in this image include Bourke Place and 568 Collins Street, left of centre; the Rialto Towers, centre; and on the right of centre, 120 Collins Street, 101 Collins Street, Freshwater Place North, Prima Pearl and the Eureka Tower.

Overall

[edit]

Melbourne comprises 61 skyscrapers completed or topped out within the city, which stand at least 150 metres (490 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement.[16] Such measurement includes spires and architectural details, but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. An asterisk (*) indicates that the building is still under construction, but has topped out. The "built" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. Height: S = Spire, R = Roof.

  Was Melbourne's tallest building when completed
Name
(Street address) 		Image Height Total Floors Built Purpose Location Notes
S R
1 Australia 108
(70 Southbank Boulevard) 		387.8 m
(1,272 ft) 		108 2020 Residential Southbank
37°49′23″S 144°57′50″E / 37.82306°S 144.96389°E / -37.82306; 144.96389 		tallest building in Australia; tallest building in Australia to roof. First proposed in 2014, construction commenced in 2015. Completed in 2020. Tallest residential building in Australia to roof. First and only building in Melbourne to be designated a "supertall" skyscraper. First and only skyscraper in the Southern Hemisphere to comprise at least 100 floors. Tallest building completed during the 2020s.[36][37]
2 Eureka Tower
(7 Riverside Quay) 		297.3 m
(975 ft) 		91 2006 Residential Southbank
37°49′18″S 144°57′52″E / 37.82167°S 144.96444°E / -37.82167; 144.96444 		3rd-tallest building in Australia; 2nd-tallest building in Australia to roof. First proposed in 1999, construction commenced in 2001. Completed in 2006, it was the world's tallest residential tower when measured to its highest floor, until surpassed by Ocean Heights in Dubai, and the 35th–tallest building in the world overall.[38] As of December 2016, it is the 15th-tallest residential building in the world.[11] Tallest building in Australia to roof from 2006 to 2019. Tallest building completed during the 2000s.[39] Recipient of the 2006 Bronze Emporis Skyscraper Award.[40][41]
3 Aurora Melbourne Central
(250 La Trobe Street) 		270.5 m
(887 ft) 		85 2019 Residential City Centre
37°48′35.2″S 144°57′44.8″E / 37.809778°S 144.962444°E / -37.809778; 144.962444 		5th-tallest building in Australia; 5th-tallest building in Australia to roof. First proposed in 2014, construction commenced in 2015. Completed in 2019. Tallest building completed during the 2010s.[42][43][44]
4 120 Collins Street 266.6 m
(875 ft) 		222.2 m
(729 ft) 		52 1991 Office City Centre
37°48′51.2″S 144°58′10.9″E / 37.814222°S 144.969694°E / -37.814222; 144.969694 		7th-tallest building in Australia. First proposed in 1986, construction commenced in 1989. Completed in 1991, it became the 27th–tallest building in the world, and the tallest building in Australia, until the completion of Q1 on the Gold Coast, Queensland in 2005.[45] Tallest office building in Australia. Tallest building completed during the 1990s.[46][47][48]
5 101 Collins Street 260 m
(853 ft) 		195 m
(640 ft) 		50 1991 Office City Centre
37°48′54″S 144°58′14.8″E / 37.81500°S 144.970778°E / -37.81500; 144.970778 		8th-tallest building in Australia. First proposed in 1987, construction commenced in 1988. Completed in 1991, it was the 33rd–tallest building in the world, and briefly reigned as the tallest building in Australia, until the completion of 120 Collins Street later in 1991.[45] Tied 2nd-tallest office building in Australia.[49][50][51]
6 Prima Pearl
(31–49 Queensbridge Square) 		254 m
(833 ft) 		72 2014 Residential Southbank
37°49′22.6″S 144°57′41.0″E / 37.822944°S 144.961389°E / -37.822944; 144.961389 		10th-tallest building in Australia; 8th-tallest building in Australia to roof. First proposed in 2004, construction commenced in 2012 and it was completed in 2014.[52]
7 Rialto Towers
(525 Collins Street) 		251.1 m
(824 ft) 		63 1986 Office City Centre
37°49′7.4″S 144°57′26.9″E / 37.818722°S 144.957472°E / -37.818722; 144.957472 		11th-tallest building in Australia; 9th-tallest building in Australia to roof. First proposed in 1981, construction commenced in 1982. Completed in 1986, it became the tallest building in Australia and the 25th–tallest in the world,[7] until the former title was surpassed by 101 Collins Street in 1991. It remained the tallest building in Australia to roof, until the completion of the Eureka Tower, in 2006. Tallest building completed during the 1980s.[53][54]
8 Victoria One
(452 Elizabeth Street) 		246.8 m
(810 ft) 		76 2018 Residential City Centre
37°48′30.1″S 144°57′38.6″E / 37.808361°S 144.960722°E / -37.808361; 144.960722 		14th-tallest building in Australia; designed by Elenberg Fraser. First proposed in 2013, construction commenced in 2014, before being completed in 2018.[55][56][57][58]
9 Premier Tower*
(134–160 Spencer Street) 		245.9 m
(807 ft) 		78 2020 Mixed Use City Centre
37°49′2.5″S 144°57′13.4″E / 37.817361°S 144.953722°E / -37.817361; 144.953722 		15th-tallest building in Australia; designed by Elenberg Fraser. First proposed in 2014, construction commenced in 2017, before topping–out in 2020; expected to be completed later that year.[59]
10 Swanston Central
(168 Victoria Street) 		236.7 m
(777 ft) 		71 2019 Residential Carlton
37°48′16.7″S 144°56′42.4″E / 37.804639°S 144.945111°E / -37.804639; 144.945111 		21st-tallest building in Australia. First proposed in 2015, construction commenced in 2016, before being completed 2019. Tallest building within the Carlton precinct of Melbourne, and only building to reach a height of 150 metres in this precinct.[60][61][62]
11 Melbourne Square Tower 1*
(93–119 Kavanagh Street) 		231 m
(758 ft) 		70 2021 Residential Southbank
37°49′33.5″S 144°57′48.4″E / 37.825972°S 144.963444°E / -37.825972; 144.963444 		15th-tallest building in Australia; designed by Cox Architecture. First proposed in 2017, construction commenced in 2018, before topping–out in 2020; expected to be completed in 2021. Tallest building of the Melbourne Square complex.[63][64][65]
12 Vision Apartments
(500 Elizabeth Street) 		229 m
(751 ft) 		70 2016 Residential City Centre
37°48′26″S 144°57′36.8″E / 37.80722°S 144.960222°E / -37.80722; 144.960222 		25th-tallest building in Australia. First proposed in 2011, construction commenced in 2013, before being completed in 2016.[66]
13 (=) 568 Collins Street 224 m
(735 ft) 		68 2015 Mixed Use City Centre
37°49′6.1″S 144°57′19.6″E / 37.818361°S 144.955444°E / -37.818361; 144.955444 		Equal 28th-tallest building in Australia.[67] First proposed in 2011, construction commenced in 2012, before being completed in 2015.[68]
Bourke Place
(600 Bourke Street) 		224 m
(735 ft) 		49 1991 Office City Centre
37°48′57″S 144°57′21.7″E / 37.81583°S 144.956028°E / -37.81583; 144.956028 		Equal 28th-tallest building in Australia. Completed in 1991, it was the 89th–tallest building in the world.[69] A 30 m communications mast sits atop the building.[70]
15 (=) Light House Melbourne
(450 Elizabeth Street) 		218 m
(715 ft) 		69 2017 Residential City Centre
37°48′30.1″S 144°57′38.6″E / 37.808361°S 144.960722°E / -37.808361; 144.960722 		Equal 33rd-tallest building in Australia; designed by Elenberg Fraser. First proposed in 2013, construction commenced in 2015, before completion in 2017.[71]
Telstra Corporate Centre
(242 Exhibition Street) 		218 m
(715 ft) 		193 m
(633 ft) 		47 1992 Office City Centre
37°48′34.1″S 144°58′10.9″E / 37.809472°S 144.969694°E / -37.809472; 144.969694 		Equal 33rd-tallest building in Australia.[72][73]
17 380 Melbourne*
(380 Lonsdale Street) 		217.5 m
(714 ft) 		67 2020 Mixed Use City Centre
37°48′44.79″S 144°57′40.2″E / 37.8124417°S 144.961167°E / -37.8124417; 144.961167 		15th-tallest building in Australia; designed by Elenberg Fraser. First proposed in 2014, construction commenced in 2018, before topping–out in 2020; expected to be completed later that year.[74][75][76]
18 (=) West Side Place Tower 2*
(250 Spencer Street) 		211 m
(692 ft) 		65 2022 Mixed Use City Centre
37°48′51.5″S 144°57′9.6″E / 37.814306°S 144.952667°E / -37.814306; 144.952667 		Equal 37th-tallest building in Australia. First proposed in 2013, construction commenced in 2017, before topping–out in 2020; expected to be completed in 2022.[77]
Melbourne Central
(350 Elizabeth Street) 		211 m
(692 ft) 		53 1991 Office City Centre
37°48′39.2″S 144°57′43.2″E / 37.810889°S 144.962000°E / -37.810889; 144.962000 		37th-tallest building in Australia.[78]
20 Freshwater Place North
(1 Queensbridge Square) 		205 m
(673 ft) 		63 2005 Residential Southbank
37°49′18.7″S 144°57′41.5″E / 37.821861°S 144.961528°E / -37.821861; 144.961528 		40th-tallest building in Australia. Construction commenced in 2002, and the building was completed in 2005.[79]
21 Eq. Tower
(127–141 A'Beckett Street) 		202 m
(663 ft) 		63 2017 Residential City Centre
37°48′35.1″S 144°57′34.8″E / 37.809750°S 144.959667°E / -37.809750; 144.959667 		41st-tallest building in Australia; designed by Elenberg Fraser. First proposed in 2014, construction commenced in 2015, with a 2017 completion date.[80]
22 Empire Melbourne
(398 Elizabeth Street) 		198.4 m
(651 ft) 		62 2017 Residential City Centre
37°48′33.8″S 144°57′40.3″E / 37.809389°S 144.961194°E / -37.809389; 144.961194 		Designed by Hayball Architecture. First proposed in 2014, construction commenced in 2015. Completed in 2017.[81]
23 Melbourne Grand
(556–558 Lonsdale Street) 		198 m
(650 ft) 		57 2020 Residential City Centre
37°48′50.5″S 144°57′21.1″E / 37.814028°S 144.955861°E / -37.814028; 144.955861 		Designed by Central Equity. First proposed in 2015, construction commenced in 2018. Completed in 2020.[82][83]
24 Collins House
(466 Collins Street) 		190 m
(623 ft) 		59 2019 Residential City Centre
37°49′3.25″S 144°57′31.1″E / 37.8175694°S 144.958639°E / -37.8175694; 144.958639 		Designed by Bates Smart. First proposed in 2013, construction commenced in 2017. Completed in 2019.[84][85]
25 (=) Sofitel Hotel at Collins Place
(35 Collins Street) 		188 m
(617 ft) 		50 1980 Mixed Use City Centre
37°48′50″S 144°58′22.9″E / 37.81389°S 144.973028°E / -37.81389; 144.973028 		Completed in 1980, it became the city's tallest building (equal with ANZ Tower at Collins Place), until it was surpassed by the Rialto Towers in 1986.[86][87]
ANZ Tower at Collins Place
(55 Collins Street) 		188 m
(617 ft) 		46 1978 Office City Centre
37°48′51.6″S 144°58′20.6″E / 37.814333°S 144.972389°E / -37.814333; 144.972389 		Completed in 1978, it became the city's tallest building and the 93rd–tallest building in the world overall,[88] with the former title equaled by the Sofitel Hotel in 1980, also at Collins Place. First proposed in 1970, construction commenced in 1973, and it was completed in 1978. Tallest building completed during the 1970s.[86][89]
27 Abode318
(312–318 Russell Street) 		187.3 m
(615 ft) 		57 2015 Residential City Centre
37°48′33.2″S 144°58′0.3″E / 37.809222°S 144.966750°E / -37.809222; 144.966750 		Designed by Elenberg Fraser. First proposed in 2007, construction commenced in 2011. Completed in 2015.[90]
28 80 Collins South
(80 Collins Street) 		187 m
(614 ft) 		41 2020 Mixed Use City Centre
37°48′50.6″S 144°58′14.7″E / 37.814056°S 144.970750°E / -37.814056; 144.970750 		First proposed in 2016, construction commenced in 2017. Completed in 2020.[91][92]
29 80 Collins Street 182 m
(597 ft) 		54 1977 Office City Centre
37°48′50.6″S 144°58′14.7″E / 37.814056°S 144.970750°E / -37.814056; 144.970750 		Completed in 1977, it briefly became the city's tallest building, until it was surpassed by the ANZ Tower at Collins Place in 1978. Also known as Nauru House.[86][93]
30 Victoria Police Centre Tower 2
(311 Spencer Street) 		180 m
(591 ft) 		40 2020 Office City Centre
37°49′4.8″S 144°57′12.9″E / 37.818000°S 144.953583°E / -37.818000; 144.953583 		Construction commenced in 2017, and was completed in 2020.[94][95]
31 Melbourne Square Tower 2*
(93–119 Kavanagh Street) 		179 m
(587 ft) 		59 2021 Mixed Use Southbank
37°49′33.3″S 144°57′50.4″E / 37.825917°S 144.964000°E / -37.825917; 144.964000 		Designed by Cox Architecture. First proposed in 2014, construction commenced in 2018, before topping–out in 2020; expected to be completed in 2021. Currently 2nd–tallest building of the Melbourne Square complex.[65]
32 LK Tower
(241 Toorak Road) 		178 m
(584 ft) 		52 2019 Residential South Yarra
37°50′21.3″S 144°59′42.7″E / 37.839250°S 144.995194°E / -37.839250; 144.995194 		First proposed in 2011, construction commenced in 2017; having topped–out in 2019, the project was completed in late 2019. Tallest building within the South Yarra precinct of Melbourne, and only building to reach a height of 150 metres in this precinct.[96][97][98]
33 MY80
(410 Elizabeth Street) 		173 m
(568 ft) 		55 2014 Residential City Centre
37°48′32.3″S 144°57′39.6″E / 37.808972°S 144.961000°E / -37.808972; 144.961000 		Designed by Hayball Architecture. First proposed in 2010, construction commenced in 2011, before being completed in 2014.[99]
34 Avant
(54 A'Beckett Street) 		172 m
(564 ft) 		55 2018 Residential City Centre
37°48′31.8″S 144°57′41.9″E / 37.808833°S 144.961639°E / -37.808833; 144.961639 		Designed by Elenberg Fraser. First proposed in 2015, construction commenced in 2016, before being completed in 2018.[100]
35 Upper West Side Tower 5
(33 Rose Lane) 		170 m
(558 ft) 		53 2016 Residential City Centre
37°48′53.6″S 144°57′14.1″E / 37.814889°S 144.953917°E / -37.814889; 144.953917 		Tallest building of the Upper West Side complex. Building also referred to as 'Manhattan'. First proposed in 2011, construction commenced in 2013, before being completed in 2016.[101]
36 385 Bourke Street 169 m
(554 ft) 		43 1983 Office City Centre
37°48′53.1″S 144°57′46.3″E / 37.814750°S 144.962861°E / -37.814750; 144.962861 		Designed by Norman Disney & Young[102]
37 Zen Apartments
(27 Therry Street) 		167.8 m
(551 ft) 		50 2012 Residential City Centre
37°48′25″S 144°57′39.8″E / 37.80694°S 144.961056°E / -37.80694; 144.961056 		Designed by Urban Design Architects. First proposed in 2008, construction commenced in 2009, before being completed in 2012.[103]
38 (=) Platinum Tower One
(245–263 City Road) 		167 m
(548 ft) 		52 2016 Residential Southbank
37°49′36.5″S 144°57′33.9″E / 37.826806°S 144.959417°E / -37.826806; 144.959417 		Designed by Squillace. First proposed in 2011, construction commenced in 2014, before being completed in 2016.[104]
530 Collins Street 167 m
(548 ft) 		40 1991 Office City Centre
37°49′4″S 144°57′24.4″E / 37.81778°S 144.956778°E / -37.81778; 144.956778 		Designed by Peddle Thorp Architects[105]
40 (=) Southbank Place
(54–68 Kavanagh Street) 		166 m
(545 ft) 		52 2019 Residential Southbank
37°49′27.5″S 144°57′49.4″E / 37.824306°S 144.963722°E / -37.824306; 144.963722 		Construction commenced in 2016; having topped–out in late 2018, the project was completed in 2019. Designed by Guildford Bell & Graham Fisher.[106][107]
Casselden Place
(2 Lonsdale Street) 		166 m
(545 ft) 		43 1992 Office City Centre
37°48′33.5″S 144°58′17.6″E / 37.809306°S 144.971556°E / -37.809306; 144.971556 		Designed by HASSELL[108]
42 The Fifth
(605–613 Lonsdale Street) 		165.5 m
(543 ft) 		51 2017 Residential City Centre
37°48′56″S 144°57′11″E / 37.81556°S 144.95306°E / -37.81556; 144.95306 		Second tallest building of the Upper West Side complex. First proposed in 2014, construction commenced in 2015. Completed in 2017.[109]
43 Olderfleet
(477 Collins Street) 		165 m
(541 ft) 		40 2020 Office City Centre
37°49′5″S 144°57′30″E / 37.81806°S 144.95833°E / -37.81806; 144.95833 		First proposed in 2015, construction commenced in 2017. Completed in 2020. Designed by Grimshaw Architects.[110][111]
44 Ernst & Young Tower
(8 Exhibition Street) 		164.7 m
(540 ft) 		40 2005 Mixed Use City Centre
37°48′55.4″S 144°58′22″E / 37.815389°S 144.97278°E / -37.815389; 144.97278 		Designed by Denton Corker Marshall.[50] First proposed in 2001, construction commenced in 2003. Completed in 2005.[112]
45 35 Spring Street 164.4 m
(539 ft) 		44 2017 Residential City Centre
37°48′51″S 144°58′26.5″E / 37.81417°S 144.974028°E / -37.81417; 144.974028 		First proposed in 2013, construction commenced in 2014. Completed in 2017.[113][114]
46 SX Stage 1
(121 Exhibition Street) 		163 m
(535 ft) 		40 2005 Office City Centre
37°48′45.4″S 144°58′13.2″E / 37.812611°S 144.970333°E / -37.812611; 144.970333 		Designed by Woods Bagot Melbourne. Construction commenced in 2003, and it was completed in 2005.[115]
47 (=) Royal Domain Tower
(368 St Kilda Road) 		162 m
(531 ft) 		46 2005 Residential St Kilda Road
37°49′54.2″S 144°58′16.3″E / 37.831722°S 144.971194°E / -37.831722; 144.971194 		Tallest building within the St Kilda Road precinct of Melbourne, and only building to reach a height of 150 metres in this precinct. Designed by Meinhardt Group. Construction commenced in 2003, and it was completed in 2005.[116]
ANZ World Headquarters
(100 Queen Street) 		162 m
(531 ft) 		37 1993 Office City Centre
37°48′59.7″S 144°57′42.3″E / 37.816583°S 144.961750°E / -37.816583; 144.961750 		Designed by Peddle Thorp Architects[117]
49 National Bank House
(500 Bourke Street) 		161 m
(528 ft) 		40 1978 Office City Centre
37°48′54.4″S 144°57′31.6″E / 37.815111°S 144.958778°E / -37.815111; 144.958778 		In 2009, the building was fully refurbished by then owner ISPT in order to increase energy efficiency to 5 stars[118][119][120]
50 2 Southbank Boulevard 160.8 m
(528 ft) 		40 2005 Office Southbank
37°49′17.5″S 144°57′44.8″E / 37.821528°S 144.962444°E / -37.821528; 144.962444 		Designed by Bates Smart. Construction commenced in 2002, and it was completed in 2005.[121]
51 Verve 501 Swanston Tower
(501 Swanston Street) 		159 m
(522 ft) 		45 2006 Mixed Use City Centre
37°48′24.8″S 144°57′42.4″E / 37.806889°S 144.961778°E / -37.806889; 144.961778 		Designed by Urban Design Architects. Construction commenced in 2004, and it was completed in 2006.[122]
52 (=) Upper West Side Tower 2
(Lonsdale Street) 		156 m
(512 ft) 		50 2014 Residential City Centre
37°48′54.5″S 144°57′14″E / 37.815139°S 144.95389°E / -37.815139; 144.95389 		3rd-tallest building of the Upper West Side complex. Building also referred to as 'Madison'. Construction commenced in 2011, and it was completed in 2014.[123]
Palladium Tower
(251 City Road) 		156 m
(512 ft) 		47 2020 Residential Southbank
37°49′20.0″S 144°57′52.7″E / 37.822222°S 144.964639°E / -37.822222; 144.964639 		First proposed in 2017, construction commenced in 2018. Completed in 2020.[124]
54 Paragon*
(318 Queen Street) 		155 m
(509 ft) 		47 2020 Residential Southbank
37°48′40.54″S 144°57′32.9″E / 37.8112611°S 144.959139°E / -37.8112611; 144.959139 		First proposed in 2017, construction commenced in 2017; having topped-out in 2020, the project is expected to be completed later that year.[125]
55 Wesley Place
(130 Lonsdale Street) 		153.7 m
(504 ft) 		35 2020 Office City Centre
37°48′42.6″S 144°57′48.9″E / 37.811833°S 144.963583°E / -37.811833; 144.963583 		Construction commenced in 2017, and it was completed in 2020. Designed by Cox Architecture.[126]
56 (=) Shadow Play
(105 Clarendon Street) 		153 m
(502 ft) 		52 2018 Residential Southbank
37°49′37.5″S 144°57′29.2″E / 37.827083°S 144.958111°E / -37.827083; 144.958111 		First proposed in 2015, construction commenced in 2015. Completed in 2018.[127][128]
Southbank Central
(1–11 Balston Street) 		153 m
(502 ft) 		48 2017 Residential Southbank
37°49′30.6″S 144°57′41.1″E / 37.825167°S 144.961417°E / -37.825167; 144.961417 		First proposed in 2014, construction commenced in 2015. Completed in 2017.[129]
Optus Centre
(367 Collins Street) 		153 m
(502 ft) 		34 1975 Office City Centre
37°49′1.8″S 144°57′44.7″E / 37.817167°S 144.962417°E / -37.817167; 144.962417 		Completed in 1975, it became the city's tallest building, until it was surpassed by Nauru House in 1977.[86][130]
59 (=) Crown Towers
(8 Whiteman Street) 		152.5 m
(500 ft) 		43 1997 Hotel Southbank
37°49′20.4″S 144°57′37.3″E / 37.822333°S 144.960361°E / -37.822333; 144.960361 		Tallest of three Crown hotels in Melbourne. Upon completion in 1997, it was the tallest all-hotel building in Australia; a record it held until the completion of the Jewel Hotel on the Gold Coast, in 2019.[131] Designed by Hudson Conway Architects and Daryl Jackson.[132]
140 William Street 152.5 m
(500 ft) 		41 1972 Office City Centre
37°48′57″S 144°57′31.8″E / 37.81583°S 144.958833°E / -37.81583; 144.958833 		Construction commenced in 1969; completed in 1972, it became the city's tallest building, until it was surpassed by Optus Centre in 1975, by 50 centimetres.[86][133][134] Recipient of the RVIA Victorian Architects award in 1975.[135]
61 Urban Workshop Lonsdale
(50 Lonsdale Street) 		150 m
(492 ft) 		34 2005 Office City Centre
37°48′33.4″S 144°58′14.4″E / 37.809278°S 144.970667°E / -37.809278; 144.970667 		Designed by HASSELL, John Wardle Architects and B+N Group[136]

Tallest buildings by precinct

[edit]

This lists the tallest building in each precinct of Melbourne based on standard height measurement.

Rank Name Height Floors Precinct
of Melbourne 		Completion
List
1 1 Australia 108 316.7 m (1,039 ft) 100 Southbank 2020[36]
2 3 Aurora Melbourne Central 270.5 m (887 ft) 85 City Centre 2019[42]
3 9 Swanston Central 236.7 m (777 ft) 71 Carlton 2019[61][62]
4 25 LK Tower 178 m (584 ft) 52 South Yarra 2019[98]
5 =47 Royal Domain Tower 162 m (531 ft) 43 St Kilda Road 2005[116]
6 — KPMG Collins Square 145 m (476 ft) 36 Docklands 2016[137]
7 — Fifty Albert 98.1 m (322 ft) 30 South Melbourne 2013[138]

Tallest buildings by function

[edit]

This lists the tallest buildings in Melbourne by their respective functions—office, hotel, residential and mixed-use—based on standard height measurement.

Rank Name Height Floors Function Completion
List
1 1 Australia 108 387.8 m (1,272 ft) 100 Residential 2020[36]
2 4 120 Collins Street 266.6 m (875 ft) 52 Office 1991[46]
3 =13 568 Collins Street 224 m (735 ft) 68 Mixed-use 2015[68]
4 =59 Crown Towers 152.5 m (500 ft) 43 Hotel 1997[132]

Skyscrapers at least 200 metres in height

[edit]

Melbourne comprises 21 skyscrapers (completed or topped-out) which reach a height of at least 200 metres (660 ft)—more than any other city within Australia and Oceania. Of those, fifteen skyscrapers are located within the City Centre, five are located within Southbank, and one in Carlton. Another eight skyscrapers are currently under construction in the City Centre.

Buildings above 200 metres in height in Melbourne. Skyscrapers in black are complete, while skyscrapers coloured orange are in the construction phase

Historical tallest buildings

[edit]

This section lists the ten tallest buildings in Melbourne for every decade since 1990. By 1980, all buildings within the top-10 listing reached a height of 100 metres (330 ft); in 1995, the threshold increased to 150 metres (490 ft); and again in 2015, to 200 metres (660 ft).

1990[139]
Rank Building Height Built Diagram
1 Rialto Towers 251.1 m (824 ft) 1986
2 Sofitel Hotel 188 m (617 ft) 1980
ANZ Tower 188 m (617 ft) 1978
4 Nauru House 182 m (597 ft) 1977
5 385 Bourke Street 169 m (554 ft) 1983
6 National Bank House 161 m (528 ft) 1978
7 Optus Centre 153 m (502 ft) 1975
8 140 William Street 152.5 m (500 ft) 1972
9 360 Collins Street 142 m (466 ft) 1978
10 1 Spring Street 132 m (433 ft) 1988
2000[140]
Rank Building Height Built Diagram
1 120 Collins Street 266.6 m (875 ft) 1991
2 101 Collins Street 260 m (850 ft) 1991
3 Rialto Towers 251.1 m (824 ft) 1986
4 Bourke Place 224 m (735 ft) 1991
5 Telstra Corporate Centre 218 m (715 ft) 1992
6 Melbourne Central 211 m (692 ft) 1991
7 Sofitel Hotel 188 m (617 ft) 1980
ANZ Tower 188 m (617 ft) 1978
9 Nauru House 182 m (597 ft) 1977
10 385 Bourke Street 169 m (554 ft) 1983
2010[141]
Rank Building Height Built Diagram
1 Eureka Tower 297.3 m (975 ft) 2006
2 120 Collins Street 266.6 m (875 ft) 1991
3 101 Collins Street 260 m (850 ft) 1991
4 Rialto Towers 251.1 m (824 ft) 1986
5 Bourke Place 224 m (735 ft) 1991
6 Telstra Corporate Centre 218 m (715 ft) 1992
7 Melbourne Central 211 m (692 ft) 1991
8 Freshwater Place North 205 m (673 ft) 2005
9 Sofitel Hotel 188 m (617 ft) 1980
ANZ Tower 188 m (617 ft) 1978
2020[142]
Rank Building Height Built Diagram
1 Australia 108 387.8 m (1,272 ft) 2020
2 Eureka Tower 297.3 m (975 ft) 2006
3 Aurora Melbourne Central 270.5 m (887 ft) 2019
4 120 Collins Street 266.6 m (875 ft) 1991
5 101 Collins Street 260 m (850 ft) 1991
6 Prima Pearl 254 m (833 ft) 2014
7 Rialto Towers 251 m (823 ft) 1986
8 Victoria One 246.8 m (810 ft) 2018
9 Premier Tower 245.9 m (807 ft) 2020
10 Swanston Central 236.7 m (777 ft) 2019

Timeline of tallest buildings

[edit]

This lists buildings that once held the title of "tallest building in Melbourne".

Name Image Years as tallest Height Floors Notes
Kew Asylum 1871–76 30 m (98 ft) 5 [143]
Yorkshire Brewery Tower 1876–88 34 m (112 ft) 8 [133][143]
Fink's Building 1888–89 43 m (141 ft) 10 Demolished in 1897[143][144]
The Australian Building 1889–1932 53 m (174 ft) 12 Tallest building in Australia (1889–1912).[3] Demolished in 1980[133][143]
Manchester Unity Building 1932–58 64 m (210 ft) 13 [143][145]
Orica House 1958–62 81 m (266 ft) 20 Tallest building in Australia (1958–61)[133][146]
CRA Building 1962–69 99 m (325 ft) 26 Demolished in c.1980[143][147][148]
AMP Square 1969–71 113.4 m (372 ft) 28 [133][143][149][150]
Marland House 1971–72 121 m (397 ft) 32 [133][143][151][152]
140 William Street 1972–75 152.5 m (500 ft) 41 [133][134][143][143]
Optus Centre 1975–77 153 m (502 ft) 34 [130][143]
Nauru House 1977–78 182 m (597 ft) 52 [93][143]
ANZ Tower at Collins Place 1978–86 188 m (617 ft) 56 Equal–tallest building in Melbourne with Sofitel Hotel at Collins Place from 1980 to 1986[89][143]
Sofitel Hotel at Collins Place 1980–86 188 m (617 ft) 50 Equal–tallest building in Melbourne with ANZ Tower at Collins Place[87]
Rialto Towers 1986–91 251.1 m (824 ft) 63 Tallest building in Australia (1986–91), tallest building in Australia to roof (1986–2006)[53][143]
101 Collins Street 1991 260 m (850 ft) 50 Tallest building in Australia (1991)[49][143]
120 Collins Street 1991–2006 266.6 m (875 ft) 52 Tallest building in Australia (1991–2005)[46][143]
Eureka Tower 2006–2019 297.3 m (975 ft) 91 Tallest building in Australia to roof (2006–19)[41][143]
Australia 108 2019–present [convert: invalid number] 108 Tallest building in Australia to roof (2019–present)[36]

Major future projects

[edit]

This is a list of currently Topped Out, Under Construction, Approved and Proposed highrise / skyscrapers set for Melbourne.[153]

West Side Place Towers 1 and 2 under construction in July 2019. Both towers are expected to be completed in 2022.
Melbourne Square Towers 1 and 2 under construction in March 2020. Both towers are expected to be completed in 2021.
Key:
Topped Out Under Construction On Hold Approved Proposed
Name Height Floors Purpose Precinct
of Melbourne 		Completion Status
m ft
Southbank by Beulah Tower 1 411.1 1,349 102 Mixed Use Southbank TBA Approved[154][155][156]
25–35 Power Street 280.3 920 71 Mixed Use Southbank TBA Approved[157][158]
West Side Place Tower 1 272.5 894 81 Mixed Use City Centre 2022 Under Construction[159][160][161][77]
Southbank by Beulah Tower 2 256.6 842 59 Mixed Use Southbank TBA Approved[162][155][156]
280 Queen Street 251.8 826 80 Residential City Centre TBA Approved[163][164]
Queens Place South Tower 251 823 79 Residential City Centre TBA Approved[165][166][167]
Queens Place North Tower 249.9 820 79 Residential City Centre 2021 Under Construction[165][167][168]
Premier Tower 245.9 807 78 Residential City Centre 2020 Topped Out[59]
Elysium 243.8 800 75 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[169][170][171]
383 La Trobe Street 242 794 70 Mixed Use City Centre TBA Approved[172][173]
West Side Place Tower 4 240 790 72 Residential City Centre 2024 Under Construction[159][174][175]
640 Bourke Street 234.6 770 68 Mixed City Centre TBA Approved[176][177]
51–65 Clarke Street 233 764 73 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[178][179][180]
Shangri-La by the Gardens 231.7 760 59 Hotel City Centre 2022 Under Construction[181][182]
Melbourne Square Tower 1 231 758 70 Residential Southbank 2021 Topped Out[64]
West Side Place Tower 3 230 750 70 Residential City Centre 2024 Under Construction[159][161][174][175]
295 City Road 228 748 70 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[183][184]
Sapphire by the Gardens 218.8 718 58 Residential City Centre TBA Under Construction[181][182]
158 City Road 218 715 65 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[185]
380 Melbourne 217.5 714 67 Residential City Centre 2020 Topped Out[74][75][76]
303 La Trobe Street 213 699 66 Residential City Centre TBA Approved[186][187]
West Side Place Tower 2 211 692 75 Residential City Centre 2022 Topped Out[77]
Aspire Melbourne 210.6 691 63 Residential City Centre TBA Under Construction[188][189]
UNO Melbourne 210 690 65 Residential City Centre 2023 Under Construction[190][191][192]
272 Queen Street 210 690 62 Mixed Use City Centre TBA Approved[193]
88 Melbourne 208.5 684 60 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[194][195]
63 Exhibition Street 204 669 58 Residential City Centre TBA Proposed[196]
Home Southbank 198 650 60 Residential Southbank TBA Under Construction[197][198][199][200]
334–344 City Road 190 620 57 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[201][202]
140 King Street 188 617 57 Residential City Centre TBA On Hold[203][204]
268–274 City Road 187.1 614 55 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[205]
Melbourne Square Tower 5 180 590 54 Hotel Southbank TBA Approved[65]
Melbourne Square Tower 2 179 587 59 Residential Southbank 2021 Topped Out[65]
Melbourne Square Tower 3 175 574 56 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[65]
Melbourne Square Tower 4 175 574 56 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[65]
Scape on Franklin 175 574 55 Residential City Centre 2021 Under Construction[206][207]
60–82 Johnson Street Twin Towers 1 175 574 51 Residential South Melbourne TBA Approved[208][209]
60–82 Johnson Street Twin Towers 2 175 574 51 Residential South Melbourne TBA Approved[208][209]
87–105 Queensbridge 171.6 563 51 Residential Southbank TBA Proposed[210]
Focus Melbourne 166 545 50 Residential Southbank TBA Under Construction[211]
228–238 Normanby Road 164.3 539 49 Residential South Melbourne TBA Approved[212][213]
Unilodge Place 161 528 52 Residential City Centre TBA Under Construction[214]
405 Bourke Street 161 528 39 Office City Centre 2021 Under Construction[215][216][217]
57 Haig Street 155.7 511 47 Residential Southbank TBA Approved[218][219]
Paragon 155 509 48 Residential City Centre 2020 Topped Out[125]
Questo 151 495 48 Residential Southbank TBA Proposed[220][221]
85–93 Lorimer Street 150 490 49 Residential Docklands TBA Approved[222][223]

Major cancelled, revised, or vision projects

[edit]

This is a list of cancelled, revised or vision skyscraper proposals that were previously set for Melbourne.

Key:
Revised Cancelled Vision
Name Height Floors Purpose Precinct
of Melbourne 		Proposed Status
m ft
Grollo Tower 680 2,230 137 Mixed Use Docklands 1997 Cancelled[224]
South Pacific Centre 610 2,000 150 Mixed Use Docklands — Vision[225]
Grollo Tower 560 1,840 113 Mixed Use Docklands 2001 Cancelled[224]
555 Collins Street 404 1,325 82 Office City Centre 2013 Revised[226][227]
Australia 108 388 1,273 108 Mixed Use Southbank 2012 Revised[226]
Victoria Central Tower 380 1,250 80 Mixed Use City Centre — Cancelled[228]
Urban Tree 360 1,180 TBC Mixed Use Southbank 2018 Vision[229]
The Lanescraper 359.6 1,180 TBC Mixed Use Southbank 2018 Vision[229]
Stack 359 1,178 TBC Mixed Use Southbank 2018 Vision[229]
Green Spine Tower 1 356.2 1,169 TBC Mixed Use Southbank 2018 Vision[229]
The Base 345 1,132 TBC Mixed Use Southbank 2018 Vision[229]
Melbourne Plaza 338 1,109 53 Office City Centre — Cancelled[230]
The Beulah Propeller City 335 1,099 TBC Mixed Use Southbank 2018 Vision[229]
Magic 330 1,080 60 Residential Carlton 2018 Vision[231][232]
One Queensbridge 323.6 1,062 90 Mixed Use Southbank 2015 Cancelled[233][234][235]
Queensbridge Tower 308 1,010 84 Mixed Use Southbank 2011 Revised[234][236]
433–455 Collins Street 300 980 – Mixed Use City Centre 2014 Cancelled[237]
555 Collins Street 298 978 91 Mixed Use City Centre 2014 Revised[227][238]
Green Spine Tower 2 252.2 827 TBC Mixed Use Southbank 2018 Vision[229]
Tower Melbourne 226 741 71 Residential City Centre 2012 Cancelled[239][240]
582–606 Collins Street 185.5 609 54 Mixed Use City Centre 2015 Vision[241][242]
32 Flinders Street 174 571 54 Residential City Centre TBA Vision[243][244]
447 Collins Street Twin Towers 1 165 541 47 Office City Centre 2015 Revised[245][246]
447 Collins Street Twin Towers 2 165 541 47 Office City Centre 2015 Revised[245][246]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  153. ^ The Skyscraper Center - Melbourne. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
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  196. ^ 63 Exhibition Street, Melbourne. UrbanMelbourne.info. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
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[edit]

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