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Pages to edit

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Next newsletter (NOW DEFUNCT)

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The Aquarium Fishes WikiProject Newsletter
Issue XVI - August 2011
News
Discussions & Collaborations
Other

Wikipedia:WikiProject Aquarium Fishes/Outreach/Newsletter August 2011

Newsletter Master List

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List of those who receive the newsletter for my convenience. To be completed later.

  1. Melanochromis (talk · contribs)
  2. Neale Monks (talk · contribs)
  3. LurkingInChicago (talk · contribs)
  4. Pnphappy (talk · contribs)
  5. Mmoyer (talk · contribs)
  6. MidgleyDJ (talk · contribs)
  7. Toniher (talk · contribs)
  8. MiltonT (talk · contribs)
  9. Pulsar.co.nr (talk · contribs)
  10. Mummymonkey (talk · contribs)
  11. Jahnx (talk · contribs)
  12. Rodsan18 (talk · contribs)
  13. S.dedalus (talk · contribs)
  14. S234 (talk · contribs)
  15. RobNS (talk · contribs)
  16. L'Aquatique (talk · contribs)
  17. Coldmachine (talk · contribs)
  18. Lerdsuwa (talk · contribs)
  19. Nojika (talk · contribs)
  20. Worldwalker (talk · contribs)
  21. jourdy288 (talk · contribs)
  22. JohnstonDJ (talk · contribs)
  23. Rlendog (talk · contribs)
  24. gibsepisg (talk · contribs)
  25. ReefWonder (talk) 18:49, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
  26. Tryptofish (talk · contribs)
  27. Mr. Moto11 (talk) 23:11, 2 December 2008 (UTC)
  28. glmory (talk · contribs)
  29. puertoayacucho (talk · contribs)
  30. inkpassion (talk · contribs)
  31. edward130603 (talk · contribs)
  32. KittyKat (talk · contribs)
  33. The Original Fish-Boy (talk · contribs)
  34. Drew R. Smith (talk · contribs)
  35. asbruckman (talk · contribs)
  36. mynameinc (talk · contribs)
  37. Dutchess2000 (talk · contribs)
  38. Svampen (talk · contribs)
  39. Dancingturtle8205 (talk) 20:52, 9 October 2009 (UTC)
  40. Cmiych (talk · contribs)
  41. Fishcatch22 (talk · contribs)
  42. e2eamon (talk · contribs)
  43. Dazer012 (talk · contribs)
  44. Alexander_ktn (talk · contribs)
  45. HighFlyingFish (talk · contribs)
  46. A Pocket Full of Sunshine (talk · contribs)
  47. JacquesVermaak (talk · contribs)
  48. Huw Powell (talk · contribs)
  49. Bondolo (talk · contribs)
  50. Gourami Watcher (talk · contribs)
  51. Bear PIG man 2 (talk · contribs)
  52. pacman451 (talk · contribs)
  53. KeithJennings (talk · contribs)
  54. Solar Police (talk · contribs)
  55. Mosasaurus (talk · contribs)
  56. Terrapin83 (talk · contribs)
  57. Calilasseia (talk · contribs)
  58. Kerripaul (talk · contribs)
  59. Niceguys (talk · contribs)
  60. Riftreef (talk · contribs)
  61. Roan Art (talk · contribs)
  62. Regani.de (talk · contribs)
  63. Codenametiger (talk · contribs)
  64. smcskim (talk · contribs)
  65. Ronnieadinata (talk · contribs)
  66. Peregrinebee (talk · contribs)
  67. bcsr4ever (talk · contribs)
  68. Capybara123 (talk · contribs)
  69. Avicennasis (talk · contribs)
  70. NEWSLETTERS MAILBOX (talk · contribs)

Storage

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WikiProject Aquarium Fishes

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 *WikiProject Name: WikiProject Aquarium Fishes 
 *Duration of Delivery (daily, monthly, quarterly, yearly): Monthly 
 *Contact: User:HighFlyingFish 
 *Newsletter Location: Wikipedia:WikiProject Aquarium Fishes/Newsletter November 2024 
 *Members List Location: Wikipedia:WikiProject Aquarium Fishes#Members and Wikipedia:WikiProject Aquarium Fishes/Outreach/Newsletter Subscription

Links

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Wikipedia:WikiProject Aquarium Fishes/Outreach

More Storage

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Possibly to be added to Siamese tigerfish

In the wild

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The Siamese Tiger originates from the Chao Phraya river basin in the center of Thailand. Unfortunately the fish is completely extinct in the wild. The last know sighting was over 5 years ago. The fish has been over fished for the aquarium trade and more extensively for the dinner plate. In its last years big Pulchers were fetching about 1000 Dollars U.S and being sold to rich customers in restaurants. The Department of Fisheries in Thailand(DOF) has a captive breeding program, but success has been limited so far.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Stored, in order to find secondary review sources as they come up

RNA-Peptide World first draft

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The Peptide-RNA world is a hypothesis to explain abiogenesis proposed by Li Li, Christopher Francklyn and Charles W. Carter Jr. as an alternative to the RNA world hypothesis. It argues that the first RNA molecules co-evolved with early enzyme catalysts, called urzymes. The structure of these early proteins is predicted based on shared features of all modern day enzymes, which all posses of one of two central cores (see also homology and protein superfamilies). These cores are themselves enzymes which catalyze the replication of RNA. The scientists who authored the study also argue that these proteins were themselves assembled from simpler peptides.[1][2][3] Similar hypothesis integrating peptides into the RNA World have been proposed before, based on the interdependence of proteins and RNA in modern cells. Specifically, based on the fact that RNA polymerase (an enzyme which produces RNA in contemporary cells) is a protein, but RNA directs the function of protein biosynthesis.[4][5]

Advantages over the traditional RNA world hypothesis

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The RNA world hypothesis postulates that RNA alone was initially the first form of chemical replicator (and hence of life), since it is capable of providing a template that can be copied, and catalyzing the reactions which would copy said template. It is often argued that, since RNA is responsible for synthesizing proteins in modern biology, RNA must have preceded proteins, and natural selection must have eventually favored protein synthesis amongst early RNA molecules. However, all lab generated molecules that preform any of the functions that an RNA replicator would need to do are different from anything found in naturally occurring ribosomes.[6] Moreover, studies have suggested that it would take an extremely long time for RNA to develop a sufficiently high fidelity (i.e. reliability of replication) for the biological evolution of RNA to occur, possibly requiring multiple universes for such an event to be likely.[7] Urzyme catalysts would considerably increase the rate of replication, hence making the Peptide-RNA world a more probable explanation for the origin of life.[8]

Criticisms

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The idea of a peptide-RNA world has been criticized for several reasons. First, it is unlikely that the two complex molecules would arise together at the same place, at the same time to produce a reaction. Second, the synthesis of complex proteins is preformed by RNA catalysts in ribosomes, indicating that that RNA must have synthesized these proteins in the last common ancestor, even if smaller protein building blocks may have been present before. Indeed, using libraries of RNA sequences and SELEX it is possible to fill many of the gaps between functions modern RNAs preform and those that the molecules of an RNA world would have preformed.[9]

References

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  1. ^ • Carter, C. W., Francklyn, C., Li, L., & Derewicz, M. (2013, September 13). New findings from UNC School of Medicine challenge assumptions about origins of life . In UNC Health Care and UNC School of Medecine. Retrieved October 1, 2013, from http://news.unchealthcare.org/news/2013/september/carter
  2. ^ Li, L., Francklyn, C., & Carter Jr., C. W. (2013, July 18). Aminoacylating Urzymes Challenge the RNA World Hypothesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288, 26856-26863. Retrieved October 13, 2013, from http://www.jbc.org/content/288/37/26856.full
  3. ^ Biochemists Resurrect 'Molecular Fossils': Findings Challenge Assumptions About Origins of Life (2013, September 13). In Science Daily. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913185848.htm
  4. ^ Kunin V. (October 2000). "A system of two polymerases--a model for the origin of life". Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere 30 (5): 459–466. Bibcode:2000OLEB...30..459K. PMID 11002892.
  5. ^ Flügel, R. M. (2011). Combination of Ribozymes with Peptides: The Evolving RNA Peptide World (Chapter 10 from Chirality and Life). In Springer Link. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-16977-9_10
  6. ^ Freeman, S., Allison, L., Black, M., Podgorski, G., Quillin, K., Monroe, J., & Taylor, E. (2014). Biological Science (5th ed., Vols. 1 - 3, pp. 68-69). Glenview, IL: Pearson.
  7. ^ Koonin E. V. (2012) The Logic of Chance: The Nature and Origin of Biological Evolution, pp. 351–395, Pearson Education, FT Press Science, Upper Saddle River, NJ
  8. ^ Li, L., Francklyn, C., & Carter Jr., C. W. (2013, July 18). Aminoacylating Urzymes Challenge the RNA World Hypothesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288, 26856-26863. Retrieved October 13, 2013, from http://www.jbc.org/content/288/37/26856.full
  9. ^ Cech, T. R. (2011, February 16). The RNA Worlds in Context. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press;. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006742

Second Draft

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The Peptide-RNA world is a proposed alternative to the RNA world hypothesis, seeking to explain abiogenisis. It claims that the current interdependence of RNA and proteins was the way in which life originally evolved, with the early proteins catalyzing the self-replication of RNA. These Ribonucleic acids would have developed from simpler nucleatides, while the early enzymes would have developed from peptides. A recent study gives two possible candidates of these enzymes, based on homologies between protein superfamilies.[1][2][3]

This idea is less widely held than the standard RNA world, which postulates that RNA alone was initially the first form of chemical replicator (and hence of life), since it is capable of providing a template that can be copied, and catalyzing the reactions which would copy said template. From that, the RNA world derives that natural selection must have eventually favored protein synthesis amongst early RNA molecules, leading to the modern interdependence of the two.[4]

Arguments for this view

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In contemporary cells RNA polymerase (an enzyme which produces RNA) is a protein, but RNA directs the function of protein biosynthesis.[5][6] All lab generated molecules that preform any of the functions that an RNA replicator would need to do are different from anything found in naturally occurring ribosomes, so it appears that the interdependence of proteins and RNA is something that appeared early in the evolution of life.[7] Enzymes serve to catalyze RNA self-replication, which is otherwise slow and unreliable, with some studies suggesting that it would take an extremely long time for RNA to develop a sufficiently high fidelity (i.e. reliability of replication) for the biological evolution of RNA to occur without enzyme catalysts, possibly requiring multiple universes for such an event to be likely.[8] Proteins could help speed up RNA self replication and selection for increased fidelity.

Criticisms

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The idea of a peptide-RNA world has been criticized for several reasons. First, it is unlikely that the two complex molecules would arise together at the same place, at the same time to produce a reaction. Second, the synthesis of complex proteins is preformed by RNA catalysts in ribosomes, indicating that that RNA must have synthesized these proteins in the last common ancestor, even if smaller protein building blocks may have been present before. Indeed, using libraries of RNA sequences and SELEX it is possible to fill many of the gaps between functions modern RNAs preform and those that the molecules of an RNA world would have preformed.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Carter, C. W., Francklyn, C., Li, L., & Derewicz, M. (2013, September 13). New findings from UNC School of Medicine challenge assumptions about origins of life . In UNC Health Care and UNC School of Medecine. Retrieved October 1, 2013, from http://news.unchealthcare.org/news/2013/september/carter
  2. ^ Li, L., Francklyn, C., & Carter Jr., C. W. (2013, July 18). Aminoacylating Urzymes Challenge the RNA World Hypothesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288, 26856-26863. Retrieved October 13, 2013, from http://www.jbc.org/content/288/37/26856.full
  3. ^ Biochemists Resurrect 'Molecular Fossils': Findings Challenge Assumptions About Origins of Life (2013, September 13). In Science Daily. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913185848.htm
  4. ^ Freeman, S., Allison, L., Black, M., Podgorski, G., Quillin, K., Monroe, J., & Taylor, E. (2014). Biological Science (5th ed., Vols. 1 - 3, pp. 68-69). Glenview, IL: Pearson.
  5. ^ Kunin V. (October 2000). "A system of two polymerases--a model for the origin of life". Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere 30 (5): 459–466. Bibcode:2000OLEB...30..459K. PMID 11002892.
  6. ^ Flügel, R. M. (2011). Combination of Ribozymes with Peptides: The Evolving RNA Peptide World (Chapter 10 from Chirality and Life). In Springer Link. Retrieved October 14, 2013, from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-16977-9_10
  7. ^ Freeman, S., Allison, L., Black, M., Podgorski, G., Quillin, K., Monroe, J., & Taylor, E. (2014). Biological Science (5th ed., Vols. 1 - 3, pp. 68-69). Glenview, IL: Pearson.
  8. ^ Koonin E. V. (2012) The Logic of Chance: The Nature and Origin of Biological Evolution, pp. 351–395, Pearson Education, FT Press Science, Upper Saddle River, NJ
  9. ^ Cech, T. R. (2011, February 16). The RNA Worlds in Context. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press;. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006742

{{Origin of life} {{Molecular-cell-biology-stub}

[[Category:Origin of life] [[Category:Biology theories]

Articles for Creation

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The capillary constant is a mesure of the surface tension between two immiscible fluids.[1] As discovered by James Jurin, the product of the hight of liquid in a thin tube and the tube's diameter is constant. Thus, the capilary constant was set by the formula a2 = rH, where a is the constant, r is the radius and H is the liquid's height.[2] However, it can also be defined as

  1. ^ http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/capillary_constant.html
  2. ^ http://link.springer.com/article/10.3103%2FS0967091211100093?LI=true#page-2

[[Category:Fluid dynamics] [[Category:Hydrology] {{Hydrology-stub} {{Physics stub} __________________ John Albert Burr

Xenoturbella Westbladi

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In 1999 Israelsson examined specimens held at the Swedish Museum of Natural History and concluded that a small subset of them must belong to another species.[1] This population differed from specimens Israelsson identified with X. Bocki in its small size (12 mm at most), pink coloration (in contrast to yellow-white coloration identified for X. Bocki) and positioning of gametes and sperm.Israelsson believed there was evidence of internal fertilization in this set of specimens. He named the species after Westblad, who collected the specimens. The specimens come from coarser and shallower habitats in the same range as X. Bocki. American scientist Greg Rouse and collegues sequenced mitochondrial DNA from specimens identified with both species and on the basis of this, determined that the two populations were the same species, declaring X. Westbladi to be a junior synonym to X. Bocki.[2]

Piaractus orinoquensis

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HighFlyingFish/sandbox
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Characiformes
Family:
Serrasalmidae
Genus:
Piaractus
Species:
P. orinoquensis
Binomial name
Piaractus orinoquensis
Escobar et al., 2019

Piaractus orinoquensis is a species of pacu found in the Orinoco basin, from which it derives its scientific name. This species was described in 2019, after being previously considered a subspecies of the closely related Pirapatinga (Piaractus brachypomus).

References

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  • Escobar L., M., Ota, R., Machado‐Allison, A., Andrade‐López, J., Farias, I., & Hrbek, T. (2019). A new species of Piaractus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the Orinoco Basin with a redescription of Piaractus brachypomus. Journal Of Fish Biology. doi: 10.1111/jfb.13990

[[Category:Serrasalmidae] [[Category:Fish of South America] [[Category:Fish described in 2019]

{{Characiformes-stub}

Mespilia globulus

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Globe Urchin
Mespilia globulus MHNT Bohol.jpg
Mespilia globulus in the Muséum de Toulouse collection.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Class:
Echinoidea
Order:
Camarodonta
Family:
Temnopleuridae
Genus:
Mespilia
Species:
M. globulus
Binomial name
Mespilia globulus
Synonyms
  • Echinus globulus (Linnaeus, 1758, 1778)
  • Cidaris granulata (Leske, 1778)
  • Echinus alternatus (Deslongchamps, 1824 )
  • Echinus atternatus (Bory de Saint Vincent in Bruguière, 1827)
  • Echinus punctiferus (Bory de Saint Vincent in Bruguière, 1827)
  • Mespilia globula (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Mespilia levituberculatus (Yoshiwara, 1898)
  • Mespilia microtuberculata (Lambert & Thiéry, 1910)
  • Mespilia whitmaei (Bell, 1881)
  • Salmacopsis pulchellimus (Yoshiwara, 1898)

Mespillia globulus, also known as the globe urchin, tuxedo urchin or sphere urchin, is a species of sea urchin.

Entomology

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Globulus derives from the latin word for a small ball or sphere.

Distribution

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This species is found exclusively in marine environment.[3] It prefers tropical habitats, no deeper than 60 minutes. It is a benthic organism, found on continental shelves and inshore habitats. It has bene collected throughout the Indian ocean and west and central Pacific Ocean. It is found off the shores of north Australia, the Phillippines, south Japan, China, New Caledonia, Indonesia and the Bay of Bengal. In the fossil record, specimens have only been found in recent strata.

Ecology

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This species consumes plants, including both macro and microalgae.[4] This species is nocturnal. It will often attach small objects like algae, stone or polyps into its spines.

Use by humans

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This species often appears in the aquarium trade.[4] This species is considered reef safe, meaning it will not harm coral and other invertebrates. It is considered delicate.

  1. ^ Israelsson, Olle (22 April 1999). "New light on the enigmatic Xenoturbella (phylum uncertain): ontogeny and phylogeny". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 266 (1421): 835–841. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0713.
  2. ^ Rouse, Greg W.; Wilson, Nerida G.; Carvajal, Jose I.; Vrijenhoek, Robert C. (4 February 2016). "New deep-sea species of Xenoturbella and the position of Xenacoelomorpha". Nature. 530 (7588): 94–97. doi:10.1038/nature16545.
  3. ^ a b Appeltans, Ward; Garcia, Maria; Kroh, Andreas. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Mespilia globulus (Linnaeus, 1758)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  4. ^ a b Hareskov Tygesen, Kasper. "Tuxedo Urchin (Mespilia globulus) in aquarium". Reef App. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
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