User:Hanfino/Representative bureaucracy
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Global Representative Bureaucracy
[edit]Lead
[edit]Representative Bureaucracies are critical in both the domestic and international sector. Representing true and absolute diversity may improve delivery of their services in both the developed and developing world. Since international organizations are essentially an extension of public service beyond borders, the presence of representative bureaucracy further translates into benefits for all citizens alike. This integration of diversity can enhance areas of democracy and gender equality, as well as service delivery alike. [1]
Social implications of Representative Bureaucracy
[edit]Domestic Organizations
While there are various theoretical arguments of representative bureaucracy, there is a popular belief that advancing demographic representation can further transform passive representation into active representation.[2] A great amount of governmental entities aim to accurately represent their civilians; thus, representative bureaucracy aims to extend its outreach and ensure policies that are implemented is reflective of its population. [3]This type of inclusivity of all individuals may further guarantee social equality to services, regardless of citizens demographics or socio-economic status.[3]
International Organizations
Representative bureaucracy plays the same critical role in the global sector, with various organizations now ensuring their workplace demographics reflect their target outreach. Often; western powers seem to dominate international decision making within these organizations; such as within the United Nations with ideals identical to their nation's preferences rather than that of the unified global community. Researchers argue representation is a major power, as it constitutes the quality of service delivery from these organizations and to which chosen member states[3]. Most international organizations seek participants from both developing and developed nations alike to ensure a form of power-balance through its initiatives.There have been noted contagion effects as a result of an increase in representation on both domestic and global policy outcomes.[1]
Global Gender Representation
[edit]Demographic representation entails a wide scope of genders, races, religions, and much more. Gender representation, for example, is still one of the greatest hurdles to both developed and developing countries. There is various research stemming various areas of interest, from economical to social analyzers, on the underlying influence bureaucratic representation has on policy and its outcomes on women. [1]Governmental entities are more likely to advance women's rights through policies when there is sufficient representation of them within the public sector .[1]
The United Nations is one of the leading international organizations directing humanitarian services to developing countries. The United Nations has implemented mandates to further ensure gender representation in its workplace. To further ensure equal representation, the UN system has established the Commission on the Status of Women to improve women's participation within UN entities.[4] This trickle down system works by portraying gender equality through United Nations services, which can allow these developing sectors to begin integrating gender equality.
Often; developing nations that receive volunteers from USAID, do not speak the country's native language and are not as efficient in assisting the locals due to language and cultural barriers. Thus; representation in this sector can alleviate some of these hurdles volunteers experience and ensure adequate service delivery, while creating a new relationship between the two.
Minority Representation
[edit]Many countries have taken serious approaches in ensuring their government reflects its civilians by implementing legislation. The absence of such legislation allows underrepresentation to continue in countries. In Europe, for example, the continent is closest to the developing world and has been the home for many well established immigrants and refugees alike. These minorities are a significant attribution to socials services within the United Kingdom, such as within health and governmental entities. [5]. Thus; these individuals are seeking a more inclusive government that fully integrates minorities and advocates civil participation.
A true accurate representation of minorities would reflect a proportionate amount of representation within governmental institutions . [5] For example, the illegitimacy of the police stations within minorities in the U.S.A dismisses their service delivery. Theobald and Haider Markel's studies show that passive representation within the police department reinforces legitimacy to these minority groups. [6] This demographic representation has proven to increase their cooperation with the public sector and ultimately produce a safer community for all citizens alike.[7]
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References
[edit]- ^ a b c d An, Seung‐Ho; Song, Miyeon; Meier, Kenneth J. (2021-10-25). "Representative bureaucracy and the policy environment: Gender representation in Forty‐Four countries". Public Administration. doi:10.1111/padm.12789. ISSN 0033-3298.
- ^ Meier, Kenneth J (2018-06-14). "Theoretical Frontiers in Representative Bureaucracy: New Directions for Research". Perspectives on Public Management and Governance. 2 (1): 39–56. doi:10.1093/ppmgov/gvy004. ISSN 2398-4910.
- ^ a b c Christensen, Johan (2019-11-10). "Representative bureaucracy, international organizations and public service bargains". Public Administration. 98 (2): 408–423. doi:10.1111/padm.12625. ISSN 0033-3298.
- ^ "Gender parity in the United Nations". UN Women – Headquarters. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
- ^ a b Tunnicliffe, Richard. "Ethnic diversity in politics and public life". Commonslibrary.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Theobald, N. A.; Haider-Markel, D. P. (2008-02-25). "Race, Bureaucracy, and Symbolic Representation: Interactions between Citizens and Police". Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 19 (2): 409–426. doi:10.1093/jopart/mun006. ISSN 1053-1858.
- ^ Riccucci, Norma M.; Van Ryzin, Gregg G.; Li, Huafang (2016). "Representative Bureaucracy and the Willingness to Coproduce: An Experimental Study". Public Administration Review. 76 (1): 121–130. doi:10.1111/puar.12401.