User:Grantkido/sandbox

Vertebra Critique

• The images for the structure of Vertebra are poorly formatted, and could be rearranged to the right side.
• The section on Development is fairly short, and could include more information on how/where/when vertebra develop.
• The title "Other Animals" could be changed to something more scientific, and additional information on marine animals could be included.
• A section could be added to explain the origin/evolution of the vertebra.

Question: Should we expand the development section in Vertebra to include a link to the Vertebrate evolutionary history, as well as expand on general information regarding development?

Article Edits (Cheek Tooth)

The shape of cheek teeth are directly related to their function, and morphological differences between species can be attributed to their dietary variations. Additionally, the shape a cheek tooth can be mechanically worn down based on diet, which provides insight into the consumption habits of fossilized animals.

Three Organisms:

Microbat - During a study away trip to Australia, our group visited a bat sanctuary where we learned about the differences between species and conservations techniques used to rehabilitate and reintroduce injured/displaced bats.  

Proteidae - In a high school biology course, I remember learning about mudpuppies and how they are an integral species in the transition to a terrestrial environment; this fact alone created an interest for me.

Sparrow -  I’ve always been fascinated with the flight of birds, and it would be interesting to see how their hollow bones work to facilitate flight.

Related Topics:

1. Microbats is considered a start page and has mid interest, but if i can’t do the main page then i’d be fine with doing Tragus (ear structure that aids in echolocation).
2. Operculum is considered a stub with mid interest. Proteidae have gills but lack an Operculum.
3. Dust Bathing is a behavior of the sparrow, and is considered to be a start page with mid interest.

Group Sparrow:

Group information can be found at User:Adriennescarcella/sandbox

I will be focusing on the digestive system, and specifically on the function of the Proventriculus as it works with the gizzard to break down larger food items.

• https://academic.oup.com/japr/article/23/2/306/761377/Function-of-the-digestive-system1
• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hamida_Hamdi/publication/281656486_Anatomical_histological_and_histochemical_adaptations_of_the_avian_alimentary_canal_to_their_foodDhabits_I-Coturnix_coturnix/links/563681cb08aeb786b703f22c.pdf

Draft 1

Bird Anatomy (Digestive System):

Improvements to the Digestive System section - The article only contains information regarding the crop and the gizzard, which leaves room for the additional information about the Proventriculus and it's relationship to the gizzard. The article doesn't discuss the chemical break down of food, and the role of the Proventriculus could fill in these gaps of knowledge. Information on the Proventriculus shouldn't overwhelm the section, and can be summarized in a few sentences.

Draft:

The avian stomach is composed of two organs that work together during digestion: The Proventriculus and the Gizzard. The Proventriculus is a rod shaped tube, which is found between the Oesophagus and the Ventriculus, that secretes Hydorchloric acid and Pepsinogen into the digestive tract. These gastric juices are then mixed with the stomach content through the muscular and mechanical (gastroliths) mechanisms of the Gizzard.

Peer Review (User:Hobbscassidy/sandbox)

Cassidy: Your talk page post is great, and clearly explains the concepts that you'd like to improve. I liked your drafts, but I'd recommend adding a source to your first bullet point, and to clarify the last sentence. An improvement to the second bullet point could be to add links to the various sets of teeth (assuming the pages exist). Overall, you've identified several gaps in the page, and filled them nicely. I'm assuming that you're adding each bullet to a different part of the page, but, if not, it might be worth it to construct a paragraph that starts with the teeth and leads into the digestive system.

Josh: Your suggestions for improvements could greatly improve the Salamander page. I thought your draft is well conceptualized, but the last sentence could be edited to improve clarity and flow. The links to various pages and the example that you used are a nice touch, and helps to create a professional feel to your draft. Overall, this is a great start to your topic. I would recommend adding a sentence or two regarding the gaps in the skeletal system that you had mentioned.

Jacob: Well done Jacob. You explained several concepts clearly, and defined the key terms. Now you just need to add your citations to substantiate your claims, although I'm sure you already have them ready to be added. It might be beneficial to add links to existing pages for the glands and structures that you mentioned. This is an impressive draft, and i can only recommend improving the general flow of your passages.

-- Grant Kido (talk)

Peer Review (User:Hartmacl/sandbox)

Courtney: You've found great sources and laid out a clear path for your section. It's a good idea to focus on the musculature divisions of the heart, and to include some pictures. Now you just need to put it into paragraph form and incorporate your sources.

Lexie: I like your idea to discuss the pigment involved in the coloration and the anatomical structure of the dewlap. It might be helpful to include pictures in your section, and possibly discuss the communicative aspect of the dewlap (discussed in your second source) or any evolutionary advantages. Your sources should be sufficient for your drafts, and will work well with Mikayla's section on the dewlap extension.

Mikayla: You've identified an important section (skeletal structure) to improve upon, and your dewlap mechanism should compliment Lexie's section nicely. The sources that compare the skeletal structure of lizards could help you to describe the general features of an iguana, and variations in the dewlap.

All: Your sections seem to compliment each individual topic very well, and it might be worth it to compile a detailed paragraph on the dewlap and add it to the specific dewlap page. The sources that you've gathered are all reputable, and now it seems that you're ready to prepare the paragraphs that you'll add to the page. You guys have a created a thorough plan of action.

-- Grant Kido (talk)

Peer Review Response

The peer reviews that i received indicated that i should add a photo of the proventriculus, and add more information within the digestive system to my second draft. Additionally, I will try to write in a format that is similar to the rest of my team in order to improve collaboration. I can use a photo of the gizzard and proventriculus from the sources that i've already used, and i can add in-depth information about the proventriculus to the proventriculus article. I should find another area within the digestive system where i can add more information, but i haven't decided where there is a gap in the information yet. My peer reviews were positive, and i think i just need to add more information at this point.

Draft #2 (Grant Kido)

Explanation:

I didn't make any changes to the additions to the Bird Anatomy Page. I added more information about the Proventriculus, and i will add it to the Proventriculus page, including the image below. The proventriculus page could use this information, but the Bird Anatomy page, specifically the digestive system section, doesn't require more about the Proventriculus.

Bird Anatomy:

The avian stomach is composed of two organs that work together during digestion: The Proventriculus and the Gizzard. The Proventriculus is a rod shaped tube, which is found between the Oesophagus (Connection between throat and stomach) and the Ventriculus, that secretes Hydorchloric acid and Pepsinogen into the digestive tract.^[2]  Pepsinogen produces pepsin, which breaks the peptide bonds found in amino acids. These gastric juices are then mixed with the stomach content through the muscular and mechanical (gastroliths) mechanisms of the Gizzard.^[3]

Proventriculus:

The Proventriculus is a rod shaped organ, located between the Oesophagus and the Ventriculus of most birds, that aids in digestion through cooperation with the Gizzard.  The primary function of the Proventriculus is to secrete Hydrochloric acid and Pepsinogen into the digestive compartments that will churn the ingested material through muscular mechanisms.  The muscle contractions of the Gizzard push material back into the Proventriculus, which then contracts to mix materials between the stomach compartments.  This transfer of digested material can occur up to 4 times per minute, and the compartments can hold the stomach contents for thirty minutes to an hour. 

Anatomy of the Avian Digestive System.