User:Grace.boehm/The Negro Problem (book)/Bibliography

Bibliography

This is where you will compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Please refer to the following resources for help:

Bryce, James. “Thoughts on the Negro Problem.” The North American Review, vol. 153, no. 421, Dec. 1891, pp. 641–650., doi:https://www.jstor.org/stable/25102288.

This is an article containing one of the first uses of the term The Negro Problem, as well as foundational ideology for the time. It was written by Professor James Bryce in 1891. This Professor was an Irish-born UK academic who acted as an ambassador to the US and provided several outsider perspectives on the issues the US faced. In this document, Bryce examines the current state of racial affairs in the United States at this time. Additionally, he looks at the advancement of Blacks following slavery and compares each black population in states like Mississippi and Louisiana to blacks who live on the lower Congo or Haiti.

I plan to use this document as a source to be added to the beginning summary, establishing that the term the “Negro Problem” existed before this book. Other than that, it does not have much of a connection to the book, which is a weakness of the source. However, I think it will be important to note that “The Negro Problem” as a book exists within a wider context of discourse at the time, with this document being one of the earlier ones.

"Stew | Biography & History | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2020-11-05.

This source describes the forming of the band Stew & The Negro Problem. This source was located through the Stew Wikipedia page, and describes how the group was formed. This group, named after the book The Negro Problem, had a long and interesting history, and is now well known for their artistry.

I plan to use this source to be added to the “In Popular Culture” section. Stew is a musician that heavily referenced the book The Negro Problem, in both his music and his group “Stew and the Negro Problem.” I believe it is important that he be added to the popular culture section.

Gaines, Kevin K. “Racial Uplift Ideology in the Era of ‘the Negro Problem.’” Freedom’s Story, TeacherServe©. National Humanities Center.

http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1865-1917/essays/racialuplift.htm

This source describes Racial Uplift ideology around the time of this book’s publishing. It is a general overview and summary of this important movement-- it describes its relation to a variety of Du Bois’s publications, as well as the history of how this movement came to be. It also works through some of the issues of the Jim Crow era and how that affected Black individuals at the time. Furthermore, it discusses how blacks were eliminated from the political arena from 1890 to 1906 and how this was enforced with violence. It displays differences in responses to these issues from organizers and activists.

I plan to add this source to the beginning summary, describing the ideological environment surrounding the publishing of the book. I think it is significant that the content of this book be contextualized, showing that many of the ideas presented followed a general tide of ideology present at the time. This source has the weakness of not being present in a journal or book, but I am hoping that since it is an article written through a university and professor, it may be adequate for Wikipedia. If not, I will find an appropriate replacement properly detailing racial uplift ideology around this time period.

Harris, Arbram L. “The Negro Problem as Viewed by Negro Leaders.” Current History (New York), vol. 18, no. 3, 1 June 1923, pp. 410–418.,

doi:https://search-proquest-com.lp.hscl.ufl.edu/docview/1310911759/fulltextPDF/4C7C5E2AD6CC4755PQ/1?accountid=10920.

This source provides an account of the relationship between Washington and DuBois, expanding the description of the events surrounding this time period to touch on a few other issues as well. This source also goes a little into the book’s place within Marxist literature at the time. Moreover, it provides a summary of Washington’s and DuBois’s clashing ideologies, and how that progressed into a variety of responses to The Negro Problem and the chapters within. Includes the conflict surrounding the Atlanta Compromise among other publications, and details the forming and ideology of the Niagara Movement, a movement founded shortly after The Negro Problem.

I think this is a great source because it touches on the historical professional relationship between Washington and DuBois, which heavily influenced the content of The Negro Problem. I think this source could be incorporated either into a new section, describing the environment around/responses to the book, and/or in a section describing the book’s place in Marxist thought (likely the former).

Poxpey, C. Spencer. “The Washington-Dubois Controversy and Its Effect on the Negro Problem.” History of Education Journal, vol. 8, no. 4, 1957, pp. 128–152.,

doi:https://www.jstor.org/stable/3692575.

This source describes more specifically the relationship between Washington and DuBois-- DuBois apparently released an article not long before The Negro Problem targetting Washington and his ideology, which kicked off a years- long fight between the two. This journal describes the fallout and worsening relationship after The Negro Problem came out.

This is another great source for describing the environment surrounding the publication of The Negro Problem. I believe this source will very useful to illustrate how interpersonal relations and conflict within the activist space influenced the content of The Negro Problem. This source can be added to a new section describing the events preceding and following the publishing and the book, and the responses that followed.