User:Godot13/sandbox/List of aviation pioneers (table conversion)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Clement_Ader_Avion_French_patent_205155_of_19_April_1890.jpg/220px-Clement_Ader_Avion_French_patent_205155_of_19_April_1890.jpg)
DRAFT/WORKING
[edit]List of aviation pioneers outlines the achievements of those directly and indirectly responsible for the research and advancement of flight.
Pioneers of aviation have contributed to the development of aeronautics in one or more ways: through science and theory, theoretical or applied design, by constructing models or experimental prototypes, the mass production of aircraft for commercial and government request, achievements in flight, and providing financial resources and publicity to expand the field of aviation.
Periods in aviation history (NOTES)
[edit](((Two substantial paragraphs – written by an aviation editor(s) – combining the pre-1914 into one paragraph and the post-1914 into a second paragraph)))
Early (Through ~1750) Modern (1750 – 1900) Pioneer (1900 – 1914)
World War I (1914 – 1918) Golden Age (1918 – 1939) World War II (1939 – 1945) Cold War (1945 – 1991) Present (1991 – present)
Table key
[edit]Pioneer type
[edit]- Science: Contributions to aerodynamic theory, aviation principles, discoveries advancing aircraft development, etc.
- Design: Original or derivative ideas or drawings for conceptual/experimental/practical methods of air travel
- Construction: Building prototypes/experimental/practical aircraft
- Manufacture: Building aircraft to fill commercial or government requests
- Aviator: International firsts, major records, major awards received
- Support: Significant industrial endorsements, philanthropic, founding of relevant organizations, etc.
- (†) : A dagger following the pioneer's name indicates they died in or as a result of an aircraft accident. When available, the aircraft type/model and the place of the accident are included in the text.
Sorting
[edit]The table is organized by pioneer name in alphabetical order. Columns for Name, Date of birth/Date of death, Country and Achievement can be sorted in either ascending or descending order. If two pioneers are paired together, sorting by DOB or Country uses the information for the first of the pair. The Achievement column will sort according to the date of the pioneer’s earliest significant contribution to aviation.
Inclusion criteria
[edit]At least one of the following criteria is met:
Scientific contribution to theory and principles (whether correct or not) that were used as contemporary resources, building blocks, or influenced period thought, significant scientific or theoretical achievements with model aircraft;
Designing any aircraft (pre-1910), or a distinct/innovative new design;
Constructing a prototype aircraft (pre-1910);
Manufacturing aircraft (including some direct or supervisory control over design) for commercial and/or military contracts (intended to represent founders of the aviation industry);
Flying (Aviator) solo in an aircraft and receiving a relevant flying certificate (pre-1910); or any significant national (e.g., a flight representing a country’s first) or international achievement, or flight award (initial record holders or demolishing existing records, but not simply breaking established records);
Supporting aviation (e.g., positive publicity; personal, corporate and/or philanthropic sponsorship, education).
Table
[edit]Name | DOB DOD |
Country birth (work) |
Pioneer | Type | Achievements |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clément Ader | 5 Mar 1925 |
4 Feb 1841France | Science Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Propeller | steam-powered Éole (9 Oct 1890);[1][2] designed, constructed and flew Ader Avion II (1893) and Ader Avion III (14 Oct 1897).[3][nb 1] | First brief uncontrolled powered flight (“hop”) for 50 m (160 ft), 20 cm (8 in) from the ground in
Diego Marín Aguilera | 1799 |
1757Spain | Science Design Construction |
Glider | his own invention (15 May 1793).[5][6] | Reportedly glided ~400 m distance at ~5 m height using
John Alcock† and Arthur Brown |
18 Dec 1919 and 23 Jul 1886 4 Oct 1948 |
5 Nov 1892England (England) Scotland (England) |
Aviator | Propeller | transatlantic flight in a modified Vickers Vimy (14/15 June 1919);[7][8] (†) Type 54 Viking, Rouen, France, en route to Paris. | First non-stop
Aldasoro brothers Juan Pablo and Eduardo |
4 Oct 1962 and 27 Oct 1894 10 Nov 1968 |
14 Sep 1893Mexico | Science Design Construction |
Glider Propeller |
Statue of Liberty (12 Mar 1913).[nb 2] | First Mexican aviators to graduate from the Moissant School; Juan Pablo was the first to fly over the
Frederick W. "Casey" Baldwin | 7 Aug 1948 |
2 Jan 1882Canada | Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Propeller | Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09);[9] first powered flight by a Canadian in the Red Wing (12 Mar 1909);[10][11] co-designer Red Wing (1908), White Wing (1908), and Silver Dart (1909);[12] with J.A.D. McCurdy (and financial support from Alexander Graham Bell) formed the Canadian Aerodrome Company (1909), Canada’s first aircraft manufacturing company.[13] | Chief Engineer,
Alexander Graham Bell | 2 Aug 1922 |
3 Mar 1847Scotland (United States) (Canada) |
Science Design Construction Support |
Glider Propeller |
Aerial Experiment Association (AEA) (30 Sep 1907 – 31 Mar 1909);[9] in 1908 and 1909, the AEA designed, constructed, and flew four powered aircraft: the Red Wing, White Wing, June Bug, and Silver Dart; technical innovations include the tricycle landing gear[14] [nb 3] and the wingtip aileron.[10] | Founder and chair, Canadian-American aeronautical research group
Mabel Bell | 3 Jan 1923 |
25 Nov 1857United States (United States) (Canada) |
Support | n/a | Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09).[10][16] | Financial sponsorship,
Giuseppe Mario Bellanca | 26 Dec 1960 |
19 Mar 1886Italy (Italy) (United States) |
Design Construction Manufacture |
Propeller | [nb 4] designed first enclosed monoplane cabin (1917);[18] founded Bellanca Aircraft Company (1927).[19] | Bellanca Flying School (1912-16);
Oskar Bider† | 7 Jul 1919 |
12 Jul 1891Switzerland | Aviator Support |
Propeller | Pyrenees (24 Jan 1913);[nb 5] Swiss airmail flight (9 Mar 1913);[nb 6] crossing of the Alps (13 May 1913);[nb 7][22] (†) Nieuport 21, Duebendorf, Switzerland. | First crossing of the
Louis Blériot | 1 Aug 1936 |
1 Jul 1872France | Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Propeller | heavier-than-air crossing of the English Channel in a Blériot XI (25 Jul 1909).[23] | First
Enea Bossi, Sr. | 9 Jan 1963 |
29 Mar 1888Italy (United States) |
Science Design Construction Manufacture |
Propeller Rotor |
American Aeronautical Corporation (1928); designer, Budd BB-1 Pioneer (1931), the first stainless-steel airplane;[24] co-designer of the Pedaliante (“Pedal Glider”) (1936), the first human-powered aircraft;[25][26][nb 8] subsequent improvements (combined with a catapult-assisted launch) led to a 1 km (0.62mi) flight 9 m (29.5 ft) from the ground (18 Mar 1937).[28] | Founder,
Eduardo Bradley | 3 Jun 1951 |
9 Apr 1887Argentina | Design Construction Aviator |
Balloon | Andes in a (coal gas-filled)[citation needed] balloon (24 Jun 1916);[nb 9] set numerous ballooning records: duration (28 hours 10 minutes); distance 900 km (559 mi).[nb 10][citation needed] | First crossing of the
Marcel Brindejonc des Moulinais† | 18 Aug 1916 |
18 Feb 1892France | Aviator | Propeller | [nb 11] long distance champion (need details/additional information);[citation needed] (†) (need aircraft type), Vadelaincourt, France (shot down). | Finished first (but did not win) the Geisler Challenge Trophy (1913);
Artur de Sacadura Cabral† | 15 Nov 1924 |
23 May 1881Portugal | Aviator | Propeller | first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic with Gago Coutinho using a Fairey III-D[31] (30 Mar – 17 Jun 1922);[nb 12] († disappeared) (need aircraft type), English Channel crossing. | Director, Naval Aviation Services (1918);
George Cayley | 15 Dec 1857 |
27 Dec 1773 England | Science Design Construction Aviator(?) |
Glider Propeller Rotor |
Chinese top (1796);[33] first design of a fixed-wing aircraft (1799);[34] used a whirling arm to test aerofoils at varying angles (1804);[34] presented a paper outlining specific design parameters for building a glider (1810);[34] designed, constructed, and had flown (short hop) a tri-plane (1849). Cayley was one of the most significant pioneers in aviation history.[nb 13] | Experimented in aeronautics at age 13 with a
Giuseppe Cei† | 28 Mar 1911 |
25 Jan 1889Italy (Italy) (France) |
Aviator | Propeller | [35][citation needed] (†) (Bleriot airplane), near Puteaux, France.[citation needed] | Flew around the Eiffel tower (19 Mar 1911);
Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi | 1640 |
1609Turkey | Design Construction Aviator |
Glider | [36][nb 14] | Achieved sustained unpowered flight for 3.36 km (2 mi) (c. 1638).
Lagari Hasan Çelebi | 17th century | Turkey | Design Construction Aviator |
Rocket | winged rocket powered by gunpowder (c. 1630’s).[38] | Reported to have achieved flight (20 seconds to an elevation of roughly 300 meters) using a
Henri Coandă | 25 Nov 1972 |
7 Jun 1886Romania (France) (Great Britain) (Romania) |
Science Design Construction |
Glider Propeller Jet |
Coandă-1910 with a propeller-less aero-reactive engine, exhibited Paris Air Show (Oct 1910),[39][40] followed by a first flight (16 Dec 1910);[41] during WWI he designed Bristol-Coanda Monoplanes in Great Britain; discovered Coandă effect (1930).[42][nb 15] | Designed
Samuel Franklin Cody† | 7 Aug 1913 |
6 Mar 1867United States (United States) (Great Britain) |
Design Construction Aviator |
Glider Propeller |
Royal Engineers (1904); contributed to the development of the Nulli Secundus (1907);[44] first flight of a piloted airplane in Great Britain (16 Oct 1908, 1390 ft);[45][46] issued Royal Aero Club certificate n.10 (14 Jun 1910); (†) Cody Floatplane, with passenger William Evans, Aldershot, England. | Developed and flew human-lifting kites; kite instructor for the
Alfred Comte | 1 Nov 1965 |
4 Jun 1895Switzerland | Design Manufacture |
Propeller | Ad Astra Aero (1920); designed and built aircraft (1923–35);[47] established an aviation school (1946–50).[citation needed] | Swiss pilot’s license (1908); partner and chief pilot
Gago Coutinho | 18 Feb 1959 |
17 Feb 1869Portugal | Aviator | Propeller | First aerial crossing of the South Atlantic using a Fairey III-D[48] with Artur de Sacadura Cabral (30 Mar – 17 Jun 1922);[nb 16] developed a sextant-type instrument to create an artificial horizon.[citation needed] |
Glenn Curtiss | 23 Jul 1930 |
21 May 1878United States (United States) (Canada) |
Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Propeller Rotor |
Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09);[9] designed the June Bug (1908) and won the Scientific American Trophy (4 Jul 1908) by making the first official one-kilometer flight in North America;[50] co-designer Red Wing (1908), White Wing (1908), and Silver Dart (1909); founded his own company (1909) which became the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company (1916); designed, built, and flew the first successful flying-boat (12 Jan 1912);[51] established Canada’s first aviation training school in Toronto (1915);[52] awarded the Langley Gold Medal (1913).[53] | Director of Experiments,
Giacomo D'Angelis | 1844 | France (India) |
Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller | Madras, India) (10 Mar 1910)[54] in a self-constructed biplane.[55] | First reported flight in Asia (
Félix du Temple | 4 Nov 1890 |
18 Jul 1823France | Science(?) Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller | monoplane which (accelerating down a slope) “staggered briefly into the air” (1874),[2] considered by some to be the powered take-off[56] or hop of a powered fixed-wing aircraft.[57][58] | With his brother, built a
Armand Dufaux and Henri Dufaux |
17 Jul 1941 and 18 Sep 1879 25 Dec 1980 |
13 Jan 1883Switzerland | Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller Rotor |
[59][60] designed and built the first Swiss airplanes,[61] including the biplane Dufaux 4 and Dufaux 5; Armand set a new over-water distance record of 66 km (41 mi) crossing Lake Geneva (28 Aug 1910).[62] | Working together patented a design for a helicopter (1904), constructed and demonstrated a working model (13–17 Apr 1905);
John William Dunne | 24 Aug 1949 |
1875Ireland | Science Design Construction Aviator |
Glider(?) Propeller |
[63] member Royal Engineers, working on design and construction of the first British military airplane (1906–08);[63] in secret military trials, and with a career goal of improving stability during flight,[64] Dunne’s aircraft flew approximately 40 meters (1908);[63] development of his V-shaped swept wing design significantly advanced flight stability[nb 17] | Discussed aeronautics and aviation with H.G. Wells (c. 1901);
Amelia Earhart† | 2 Jul 1937 |
24 Jul 1897United States | Aviator Support |
Propeller | [65] to fly solo across the Atlantic (20 May 1932);[66] to fly non-stop transcontinental (24/25 Aug 1932);[65][nb 18] († disappeared) Lockheed Electra, Nukumanu Islands (last known position), attempting a global circumnavigation (equatorial route). | First woman to fly across the Atlantic (as a passenger) (17/18 Jun 1928);
Eugene Ely† | 19 Oct 1911 |
21 Oct 1886United States | Aviator | Propeller | Curtiss Model D) take-off from a ship (USS Birmingham (14 Nov 1910);[nb 19][69] first landing (Curtiss Model D) on a ship (USS Pennsylvania) using a tailhook (18 Jan 1911);[nb 20] (†) (need aircraft type), Macon, Georgia, flight exhibition. | First airplane (
August Euler | 1 Jul 1957 |
20 Nov 1868Germany | Design Manufacture Aviator |
Propeller | Voisin Freres aircraft (1908); first German pilot’s license (1909);[71] German flight duration record (3hr 6min 18sec) (1910).[72] | Built
Ernest Failloubaz | 14 May 1919 |
27 Jul 1892Switzerland | Construction Aviator Support |
Propeller | [73] first Swiss pilot’s license (10 Oct 1910).[73] | Constructed and piloted the first aircraft in Switzerland (10 May 1910);
Henry Farman | 17 Jul 1958 |
26 May 1874France [nb 21] | Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Propeller | Voisin-Farman No.1) of the Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize (13 Jan 1908);[nb 22] with brothers Richard and Maurice founded Farman Aviation Works (1908).[76] | Winner (in a
Ferdinand Ferber† | 22 Sep 1909 |
8 Feb 1862France | Design Construction Aviator Support |
Glider Propeller |
1901 Glider from photographs; designed a series of aircraft (Ferber I through Ferber IX) for the Antoinette Company; designed, constructed, and flew the first tractor configuration biplane (May 1905);[77] (†) Voisin biplane, Boulogne, France.[78] | Attempted (unsuccessfully) to replicate the Wright
Anton “Anthony” Fokker | 23 Dec 1939 |
6 Apr 1890Indonesia (Germany) (Netherlands) (United States) |
Design Construction Manufacture Aviator(?) |
Propeller | Spin" (31 Aug 1911);[79] involved with the Luftstreitkräfte during WWI; constructed[nb 23] a machine gun synchronizer (22 Apr 1915),[81] leading to an aviation period known as the Fokker Scourge;[81] founded the US-based Atlantic Aircraft Corporation (1924) to manufacture his product in the United States.[nb 24] | Designed, built, and flew the "
Lyman Gilmore Jr | 18 Feb 1951 |
11 Jun 1874United States | Design Construction |
Propeller | [83] free glider flight (1894);[83] (claimed in 1927) controlled steam-powered aircraft flight (15 May 1902);[83] all records, papers, and aircraft were destroyed in a fire;[84] opened first commercial airfield (15 Mar 1907).[citation needed] | (Based largely on self-report and a 1936 interview) Tethered glider flight (1893);
Tryggve Gran | 8 Jan 1980 |
20 Jan 1888Norway (Norway) (Great Britain) |
Aviator | Propeller | North Sea (30 Jul 1914),[85] four hours ten minutes from Cruden Bay, Scotland to Klep (near Stavanger), Norway in a Blériot monoplane. | First flight across the
René Grandjean | 14 Apr 1963 |
12 Nov 1884Switzerland | Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller | Ernest Failloubaz and his record-setting flight (1910);[citation needed] first snow takeoff and landing using skis (2 Feb 1912);[86] first water takeoff in a Swiss seaplane (4 Aug 1912).[87] | Designed and built aircraft for
Andrea Grimaldi | c. 1701 | Italy | Design Construction |
Glider | Calais to London in a bird-shaped airship with a 22-foot wingspan (Oct 1751).[88][89] | Italian monk reported to have flown from
Augustus Moore Herring | 17 Jul 1926 |
3 Aug 1867United States | Design Construction |
Glider Propeller |
S.P. Langley (May – Nov 1895);[90] test pilot for Octave Chanute;[91] designed the Herring regulator; designed and constructed a compressed-air motorized biplane and reported a 15 meter hop (10 Oct 1898) and a 22 meter hop (12 Oct 1898);[92] business partners with Glenn Curtiss (1909). | Assisted
Howard Hughes | 5 Apr 1976 |
24 Dec 1905United States | Design Manufacture Aviator Support |
Propeller | Hughes Aircraft (1932);[nb 25] set record for flying around the world (91 hours) in a Lockheed Super Electra (1938); received the Congressional Gold Medal (1939) for achievements in aviation; majority stockholder in TWA (1939). [citation needed] | Founded
Vecihi Hürkuş | 16 Jul 1969 |
6 Jan 1895Turkey | Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller | [93] founded Turkey’s first flying school (27 Sep 1932).[93] | Constructed and flew (15 minutes) the first airplane in Turkey (Vecihi K-VI) (28 Jan 1925);
Karl Jatho | 8 Dec 1933 |
3 Feb 1873Germany | Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller | [94][nb 26] | Made an “aerial leap” (18 meters) in a powered airplane (18 Aug 1903);
Wilhelm Kress | 24 Feb 1913 |
29 Jul 1836Russia (Austria) |
Science Design Construction Aviator |
Glider Propeller |
hang glider (1877);[95] designed aircraft control stick (1900);[citation needed] executed short hops over water in his Drachenflieger (1901).[citation needed] | Developed a successful rubber-band powered model of a
Samuel Langley | 27 Feb 1906 |
22 Aug 1834United States | Science Design Construction |
Propeller | Aerodrome No. 5 as a successful steam engine powered model which flew for 90 seconds covering roughly 3,300 ft (6 May 1896);[96] conversion into a larger piloted aircraft was unsuccessful (1903).[97] | Designed and developed the
Stephen Latchford | 1 Oct 1974 |
4 Feb 1883United States | Science Support |
n/a | Does he belong on this list? United States diplomat, head of State Department's early aviation committees; aviation specialist during Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman administations. Also Chairman of United States Section at the International Technical Committee of Aerial Legal Experts.[citation needed] |
Otto Lilienthal† | 10 Aug 1896 |
23 May 1848Germany | Science Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Glider | Derwitzer Glider (1891);[98] after nearly 2,000 flights he constructed a two-surfaced glider (1895);[99] (†) Glider crash (9 Aug 1896), Gollenberg, Germany.[100] | Designed and constructed a monoplane
Charles Lindbergh | 26 Aug 1974 |
4 Feb 1902United States | Aviator Support |
Propeller | New York to Paris in the Spirit of St. Louis (20/21 May 1927).[101] | First solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic ocean from
Ed Link | 7 Sep 1981 |
26 Jul 1904United States | Science Design Support |
n/a | Link Trainer flight simulator (1929);[102] received Royal Aeronautical Society Wakefield Gold Medal (1947).[103] | Inventor of the
Mikhail Lomonosov | 15 Apr 1765 |
19 Nov 1711Russian Empire | Science Design Construction |
Rotor | [104] to lift meteorological instruments.[105] | Designed and constructed a model of a coaxial propeller helicopter (Jul 1754)
William S. Luckey† | 20 Dec 1915 |
15 Feb 1875United States | Aviator | Propeller | [106] winner, Round-Manhattan Race (13 Oct 1913);[nb 27] (†) critically injured (6 Sep 1915) in Sturgeon Falls, ON, Canada. | Began flying at age 52 (1912); Curtiss Exhibition Flyers (1913–15);
Hiram Stevens Maxim | 24 Nov 1916 |
5 Feb 1840United States (United States) (United Kingdom) |
Science Design Construction |
Rotor | [108] successful track-tethered test of a steam-engine powered biplane (Jul 1894);[109] designed and constructed a biplane that never flew (1910)[110] | Patented a design for a steam-powered “flying machine” (1889, and refined in 1891);
John Alexander Douglas McCurdy | 25 Jun 1961 |
2 Aug 1886Canada | Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Glider Propeller |
Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09);[9] first controlled powered flight in Canada "Silver Dart" (23 Feb 1909);[10] with "Casey" Baldwin (and financial support from Alexander Graham Bell) formed the Canadian Aerodrome Company, Canada’s first aircraft manufacturing company.[111] | Treasurer & Assistant Engineer,
Walter Mittelholzer | 9 May 1937 |
2 Apr 1894Switzerland | Science Aviator Support(?) |
Propeller | Ad Astra Aero, later becoming Swissair;[112] first north-south crossing of Africa (7 Dec 1926 – 21 Feb 1927);[citation needed] pioneer of aerial photography (Spitsbergen, 1923; Mt. Kilimanjaro, 1929);[citation needed] personally flew/delivered a Fokker to Emperor Haile Selassie I (1935).[citation needed] | Director and head pilot of
John Joseph Montgomery† | 31 Oct 1911 |
15 Feb 1858United States | Science Design Construction Aviator |
Glider | [113] (†) Glider, Evergreen, California. | Reported to have made the first glider flight in the United States (1883);
Edwin Moon† | 29 Apr 1920 |
8 Jun 1886England | Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller | [114] the meadows of North Stoneham Farm which he used to take-off and land[115] would later become Southampton Airport; (†) Flying boat, Felixstowe, England. | Designed, constructed, and flew a monoplane ("Moonbeam") (early to mid-1910);
Alexander Mozhayskiy | 1 Apr 1890 |
21 Mar 1825Finland | Science Design Construction |
Glider Propeller |
airplane that reportedly flew (hopped) (20–30 meters) with the assistance of a ramp (1884).[116][117][118] | Designed and constructed a steam-engine powered
Richard Pearse | 29 Jul 1953 |
3 Dec 1877New Zealand | Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller | [119][120][nb 28] | Reportedly achieved powered (but poorly controlled) flight (31 Mar 1903).
Horatio Phillips | 1924 |
1845England | Science Design Construction |
Glider Propeller |
Aeronautic theory: advancement of wind-tunnel design (1880’s),[121] development of aerofoil design,[122] patented as “blades for deflecting air” (1884[123] and 1891);[124] designed multiplanes with multiple sets of lifting surfaces, patented (1890),[125] constructed (1893);[126] first powered “hop-flight” (500ft) in Great Britain (1907).[77] |
Percy Pilcher† | 1 Oct 1899 |
16 Jan 1866England | Science Design Construction Aviator |
Glider | [127] (†) crash-related injuries suffered on 30 Sep 1899, glider (The Hawk), near Stanford Hall, England.[128] | Designed and constructed hang-glider (The Bat), first to achieve unpowered controlled flight in Great Britain (12 Sep 1895);
John Cyril Porte | 22 Oct 1919 |
26 Feb 1884Ireland (Ireland) (Great Britain) |
Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Propeller | [51] began to design and construct (with Glen Curtiss) an aircraft capable of transatlantic flight (1914);[129] testing was successful, but the flight was cancelled due to the outbreak of World War I.[130] Royal Naval Air Service, Squadron Commander, RAF Hendon (1914); secret U.S. visit as an official envoy testing aircraft for the British Government (Sep 1915).[131]Commander, Royal Naval Airstation Felixstowe, conducted flying-boat research; designed and constructed the Porte Baby (1916).[51] | Aero Club de France aviator certificate (28 Jul 1911); test pilot (1913–14);
Edvard Rusjan† | 9 Jan 1911 |
6 Jun 1886Austria-Hungary (Slovenia) (Croatia) |
Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller | [132] (†) (need plane type), Belgrade, Serbia; first Serbian air exposition. | Designed, constructed, and flew the first airplane in Slovenia (25 Nov 1909);
Ivar Sandström† | 2 Sep 1917 |
18 Sep 1889Sweden | Aviator | Propeller | DOES HE MEET CRITERIA?---Swedish pioneer[citation needed]; (†)[citation needed] |
Alberto Santos Dumont | 23 Jul 1932 |
20 Jul 1873Brazil (France) |
Science Design Construction Manufacture Aviator Support |
Balloon Airship Propeller |
Deutsch Prize (19 Oct 1901);[133] first powered winged aircraft flight in Europe (13 Sep 1906);[134] winner, Archdeacon Cup (23 Oct 1906) and Aéro-Club de France Prize (12 Nov 1906);[134] designed a light-weight monoplane Demoiselle and released the second variant (No. 20) from copyright or license (late 1909).[135] | Winner,
Ivan Sarić | 23 Aug 1966 |
27 Jun 1876Austria-Hungary (Serbia) | Design Construction |
Propeller Rotor |
Serbia (then Austro-Hungary) (16 Oct 1910).[136][nb 29] | First public flight in
Thomas Selfridge† | 17 Sep 1908 |
8 Feb 1882United States (United States) (Canada) |
Design Construction Aviator |
Airship Propeller |
Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09);[9] U.S. Army Lieutenant who assisted the AEA in engineering, designing and piloting the Red Wing; first U.S. Military officer to pilot a powered aircraft White Wing (19 May 1908);[citation needed] first fatality of powered flight (17 Sep 1908).[nb 30] | Secretary,
Igor Sikorsky | 26 Oct 1972 |
25 May 1889Russian Empire (Russia) (United States) |
Science Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Propeller Rotor |
Russky Vityaz cabin biplane, flew (13 May 1913);[139] and the Ilya Muromets, prototype for a commercial airplane (1914); first brief flight in a practical helicopter (14 Sep 1939).[140] | Designed and constructed the first four-engine aircraft, the
Sir Charles Kingsford Smith† | 8 Nov 1935 |
9 Feb 1897Australia (Great Britain) (United States) (Australia) |
Aviator | Propeller | United States to Australia in the Southern Cross (31 May – 9 Jun 1928);[141][nb 31] first non-stop Australian transcontinental flight (Aug 1928);[142] first trans-Tasman flight (10/11 Sep 1928);[142] († disappeared) Lady Southern Cross, over the Bay of Bengal.[143] | First transpacific flight from the
Thomas Sopwith | 27 Jan 1989 |
18 Jan 1888 Enlgand | Design(?) Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Propeller | Royal Aero Club license No. 31 (22 Nov 1910);[citation needed] won a £4000 prize for the longest flight from England to the Continent in a British-built aeroplane, (169 miles (272 km) in 3 hours 40 minutes) in a Howard Wright 1910 Biplane (18 Dec 1910);[citation needed] established the Sopwith Aviation Company with Fred Sigrist (1912);[citation needed] and a Sopwith floatplane won the secondSchneider Trophy race 1913).[citation needed] The company produced more than 18,000 aircraft during World War I, including the Sopwith Camel fighter.[citation needed] |
Eduard Spelterini | 16 Jun 1931 |
2 Jun 1852Switzerland (France) (Switzerland) (Denmark) |
Science Aviator |
Balloon | citation needed] Swiss pioneer of ballooning and aerial photography;[nb 32] multiple crossings of the Alps;[144] assisted in medical research (1902).[nb 33] | Licensed by the Académie d'Aérostation météorologique de France as a balloon pilot (1877);[
Emile Taddéoli† | 24 May 1920 |
8 Mar 1879Switzerland | Design Construction Aviator |
Propeller | [146] pioneer of flying boats (e.g., SIAI S.13); chief seaplane pilot for Ad Astra Aero;[citation needed] first seaplane crossing of the Alps (12 Jul 1919);[147] (†) (Savoia flying boat) demonstration flight, Romanshorn, Switzerland.[146] | Swiss flight certificate No.2 (10 Oct 1910);
Shivkar Bapuji Talpade | 1916 |
1864India | Design Construction |
? | Reportedly launched an unmanned airplane (Marutsakhā) (1895)[citation needed] |
Czesław Tański | 24 Feb 1942 |
17 Jul 1862Poland | Science Design Construction Aviator |
Glider Rotor Propeller |
[148] first glider flight in Poland (1896);[148] biplane flight (1911).[148] | First successful model glider in Poland (1894);
[nb 34] |
Nicholas A. Teleshov1895 |
1828Russia | Science Design Construction |
Propeller | [150] and for a navigable balloon (1883).[151] | Received patent (with Gustave de Struve) for a steam-engine powered “flying machine” capable of carrying 120 people (i.e., commercial passenger aircraft) (1864),
E. Lilian Todd | 26 Sep 1937 |
1865United States | Designer Construction |
Propeller | [152] | First female aircraft designer (c. 1906).
Juan Trippe | 3 Apr 1981 |
27 Jun 1899United States | Manufacture(?) Support |
n/a | Colonial Air Transport (1926) and the Aviation Corporation of the Americas (1927) which would become Pan American Airways; created economy class to encourage travel; proponent of jet aircraft ordering Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 aircraft; requested a larger airplane resulting in the Boeing 747; recipient, Tony Jannus Award (1965). | Founded several airlines including
Alfred V. Verville | 10 Mar 1970 |
16 Nov 1890United States | Design Manufacture Support |
Propeller | Verville-Packard R-1 (1919), which won the first Pulitzer Speed Trophy (1920); the M-1 Massenger (1921); the Verville-Sperry R-3 Racer (1922), the second aircraft with retractable landing gear (after the Dayton-Wright Racer); member, U.S. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (1946–61). | Designed the
Aurel Vlaicu† | 13 Sep 1913 |
19 Nov 1882Romania | Design Construction Aviator |
Glider Propeller |
Vlaicu Nr. I (17 Jun 1910); (†) Vlaicu Nr. II, near Câmpina, attempting to cross the Carpathian Mountains[153] | Designed, built, and flew a glider (1909); a powered airplane
Gabriel Voisin | 25 Dec 1973 |
5 Feb 1880France | Design Construction Manufacture Aviator |
Glider Propeller |
Charles, built gliders for Ernest Archdeacon (1902);[154] designed and constructed the first French powered aircraft (Voisin 1907 biplane) to achieve sustained controlled flight (1 Oct 1907);[154][nb 35] founded Appareils d'Aviation Les Frères Voisin, the first aircraft manufacturing company (1906).[citation needed] | With brother
Traian Vuia | 3 Sep 1950 |
17 Aug 1872Romania (France) |
Design Construction Aviator(?) |
Propeller Rotor |
[77][155] | Flight in tractor monoplane (France) (6 Mar 1906).
Preston Watson† | 30 Jun 1915 |
17 May 1880Scotland | Design Construction Aviator |
Glider Propeller |
[156] He recanted in 1955 stating he had never claimed it was powered flight.[77] | On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the Wright Brothers’ historic flight (1953) and thirty-eight years after Watson’s death, his brother James claimed that Preston had achieved powered flight before the Wrights.
Gustave Whitehead (Weißkopf) | 10 Oct 1927 |
1 Jan 1874Germany (United States) |
Design Construction Aviator |
Glider Propeller |
[157] claims to have made the first (1899),[158] second (14 Aug 1901),[158] and third (17 Jan 1902)[158] controlled powered airplane flights. This claim has long since been in dispute.[1][159][160][161] | Designed and constructed a powered airplane (mid 1901);
Jan Wnęk | 10 Jul 1869 |
1828Poland | Design Construction |
Glider | citation needed] in dispute. | Designed, constructed, flew a controllable glider (1866);[
Wright brothers Orville and Wilbur |
30 Jan 1948 and 16 Apr 1867 30 May 1912 |
19 Aug 1871United States | Science Design Construction Manufacture Aviator Support |
Glider Propeller |
wing warping for flight control (c. 1899) and the aeronautical concept of three-axis control.[162] designed and constructed the 1900, 1901, and 1902 Gliders; and the powered 1903 Flyer; first powered, controlled, sustained flight (Orville) for 12 seconds covering 37 meters (17 Dec 1903) and documented; (Wilbur) first complete circle in a powered manned airplane (20 Sep 1904); (Wilbur) Wright Flyer III circular flight of 38.9 km (24 m) (23 Jun 1905). | Together, designed and constructed biplane kite (1899); invented
Czesław Zbierański | 31 May 1982 |
6 Dec 1885Poland (Poland) (United States) |
Design Construction Aviator(?) |
Propeller | Stanislaw Cywiński designed and constructed Poland’s first airplane (May 1911), flown (25 Sep 1911).[163] | With
Notes
[edit]- ^ Ader was regarded by many to be the French “father of aviation”.[4]
- ^ Wilbur Wright flew around the Statue of Liberty (29 September 1909) .
- ^ Bell's initial kite-like designs were built by McCurdy and Baldwin and could only sustain flight by being towed into the air.[15]
- ^ Taught Fiorello La Guardia how to fly in exchange for driving lessons.[17]
- ^ Crossing the Pyrenees from Pau to Madrid.[20]
- ^ airmail flight from Basel to Liestal.
- ^ Crossing the Alps from Bern to Sion.[21]
- ^ This claim is disputed since the test pilot was a seasoned cyclist and it has been claimed that only someone with extreme conditioning and/or endurance could fly the Pedaliante.[27]
- ^ From Santiago, Chile to Mendoza, Argentina, reaching an altitude of 8,100 m (26,575 ft).[29]
- ^ From Buenos Aires to Rio Grande do Sul.
- ^ See reference for disqualification details.[30]
- ^ From Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 79 days (with only 62 hours of flying time) using three different planes (two were lost at sea), and relying solely on astronomical navigation.[32]
- ^ Wilbur Wright, in 1909, commented on Cayley: “About 100 years ago an Englishman, Sir George Cayley, carried the science of flying to a point which it had never reached before and which it scarcely reached again during the last century”.[34]
- ^ Gliding from the Galata Tower, across the Bosphorus, landing at Doğancılar Square.[37]
- ^ Quote from Coanda: “A poet is a man who sees abstract worlds and tries to bring them in the concrete world. In this regard I believe that any inventor, engineer or scientist, regardless of the aria of his concerns, is also a poet.”[43]
- ^ From Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 79 days (with only 62 hours of flying time) using three different planes (two were lost at sea), and relying solely on astronomical navigation.[49]
- ^ In January of 1912, Dunne demonstrated improved flight stability by taking a full page of notes on paper during a 6 minute solo flight with two turns.[64]
- ^ Between 1930 and 1935, Earhart set seven women’s aviation records for distance and speed including the first solo flight from Honolulu to California (11 January 1935).[65][67]
- ^ Modifications for take-off required outfitting the ship with “an 83-foot-long ramp, sloping 5 degrees over the bow. The ramp’s forward edge was 37 feet above the water”.[68]
- ^ “The landing platform, constructed of pine planks, was 130 feet long by 32 feet wide. Ten feet of it hung at an angle -- with a drop of four feet -- over the stern of the ship. The arresting gear comprised 21 ropes -- each with 50-pound sandbags attached to either end -- laid across the runway. Each rope was suspended 8 inches above the deck. Three hooks had been affixed to the underside of the aircraft to catch on the ropes when the landing was made”.[70]
- ^ Born to a British family, Farman took French nationality in 1937. [74]
- ^ “Awarded to the inventor of a flying machine who shall first accomplish a flight of one kilometer in a closed circuit without touching the ground…”.[75]
- ^ The design was an adaptation of the device recovered by the Germans from the downed airplane of Roland Garros.[80]
- ^ The death of Knute Rockne in the 1931 crash of TWA Flight 599 (using a Fokker F.10) was highly publicized and shook the public’s confidence in Fokker aircraft.[82]
- ^ Designed and manufactured aircraft (e.g., H-1 Racer (1935), Hughes H-4 Hercules or Spruce Goose), the AIM-4 Falcon air-to-air missile.
- ^ “German historians do not claim that he made proper flights, but only that he was the first in Germany to leave the ground in a powered aeroplane under its own power”.[77]
- ^ A 60-mile circuit around Manhattan Island which he completed in just under 53 minutes.[107]
- ^ Despite over 50 years of research on his achievements, no substantiated proof exists regarding the dates of his work.
- ^ It has been suggested that Sarić’s first unobserved flight may have been in late June 1910.[137]
- ^ While flying as a passenger with Orville Wright, Selfridge was the first to die in an aircraft accident.[138]
- ^ With intermediate stops at Hawaii and Fiji) covering roughly 11,566 km (7,187 mi).
- ^ Spelterini began aerial photography in approximately 1893 and began taking a camera on his flights. Some highlights include Egypt (1904) and South Africa (1911).[citation needed]
- ^ Took a Swiss professor to high altitude to conduct blood-related experiments (1902).[145]
- ^ AKA – Teleshova, Teleshev, Nicolas de Telescheff.[149]
- ^ The Voisin 1907 biplane was flown by Henry Farman to win the Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize (13 January 1908).[154]
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Books
[edit]- Brewer, Griffith; Alexander, Patrick Y. (1893). Aeronautics: An Abridgment of Aeronautical Specifications filed at the Patent Office (1815 – 1891). Red Lion Court, Fleet Street: Taylor and Francis.
- Casey, Louis S. (1981). Curtiss, The Hammondsport Era, 1907-1915. New York: Crown Publishers. pp. 12–15. ISBN 978-0-517543-26-9.
- Crouch, Tom D. (1990). The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-30695-X. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- Crouch, Tom D. (2003). Wings – A History of Aviation from Kites to the Space Age. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-05767-4. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
- Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (1960). The Aeroplane – An Historical Survey of its Origins and Development. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
- Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (2003). Aviation – An Historical Survey of its Origins to the end of the Second World War. London: NMSI Trading LTD. ISBN 1-900747-52-9.
- Grant, R.G. (2007). Flight: The complete history. New York: DK Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7566-1902-2.
- Grosser, Morton (2004). Gossamer Odyssey: The Triumph of Human-Powered Flight. St.Paul, MN: MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7603-2051-9.
- Headland, Robert K. (1989). Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events. Great Britain: Cambridge Univesity Press. ISBN 0-521-30903-4.
- Kelly, Maurice (2006). Steam in the Air: The Application of Steam Power in Aviation During the 19th Century. England: Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 1-84415-295-2.
- Longyard, William H. (1994). Who’s Who in Aviation: 500 Biographies History. California: Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-556-4.
- Major, R.; Storer, J.D.; Thompson, C.L. (1990). Guide to the Aircraft Collection: Museum of Flight, East Fortune Airfield. East Lothian, Scotland: National Museums of Scotland. ISBN 978-0-94863-648-6.
- Mann, John Edgar (2002). Book of Stonehams. Tiverton, UK: Halsgrove. ISBN 1-84114-213-1.
- Milberry, Larry (1979). Aviation in Canada. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. ISBN 0-07-082778-8.
- Milberry, Larry (2008). Aviation in Canada: The Pioneer Decades, Vol. 1. Toronto: CANAV Books. ISBN 978-0-921022-19-0.
- Milizia, Francesco (1826). The Lives of Celebrated Architects, Ancient and Modern (Vol. II). London: J. Taylor, Architectural Library.
- Molson, Ken M.; Taylor, Harold A. (1982). Canadian Aircraft Since 1909. Stittsville, Ontario: Canada's Wings, Inc. ISBN 0-920002-11-0.
- Taylor, H.A. (1974). Fairey Aircraft Since 1915. Annapolis: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 0-87021-208-7.
- Turner, Charles Cyril (1912). The Romance of Aeronautics. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co.
- Wragg, David W. (1974). Flight Before Flying. London: Osprey. ISBN 0-85045-165-5.
- Zahm, Albert F. (1911). Aerial Navigation. New York: D. Appleton and Company.