Religion in Chuuk

Religion in Chuuk is predominantly Protestant, which first arrived in Chuuk in.... Before that, the Yapese people practiced traditional rituals and practices and held beliefs about the gods, the spirits....

Traditional religion

Spirits

The Chuukese word for "spirit" is énú, which translates as "all supernatural beings." Different kinds of énú include harmful spirits, ancestor spirits, and gods. Harmful spirits reside in specific locations on land or on sea.^[1]^: 25–6 Traditional Chuukese belief holds that each human has two spirits (ngúún), a good one and a bad one. The good spirit exists before birth, but the bad spirit is born with the human. The good spirit can leave the body during life and create dreams.^[1]^: 32–3

At death, both spirits leave the body and become énú. After three or four days, the good spirit goes to the sky world be judged by the gods Énúúnap or Nuuk.^[1]^: 32–3 If the good spirit possesses the body of a relative, that is believed to show that the spirit, now called énúyaramas, wants to stay in contact with the family.^[1]^: 37 The bad spirit lingers near the body until burial, and it is scared off with either light and crowded places.^[1]^: 34 Some ancestor spirits are treated with honor and achieve god-like status.^[1]^: 34–5

Gods

Chuukese cosmology has been described as an inverted bowl placed on the ocean.^[1]^: 39 The sky world has several tiers, and the gods dwell in the highest tier, the Long Sky. The lowest tier is the Floating Sky, where human spirits stop as they ascend to Long Sky.^[1]^: 40

Some of these gods created the atolls and reside in the highest tiers of the sky. Others gods are earthbound and serve as patron deities for specific occupations, such as navigation or different types of building.^[1]^: 25–6 Énúúnap ("great spirit") is considered the chief of the gods, and his heir apparent Nuuk does most of his work. Nuuk's son, or in some mythologies his brother, Wonofáát is a trickster who comes down from the sky to wreak havoc on earth.^[1]^: 27–8

Modern religions

Statistics

Religions on Chuuk^[2]
Religion	1973 Census	1994 Census	2000 Census
Roman Catholic	82.8 %	84.3 %	83.3 %
Protestant	4.1 %	4.1 %	3.4 %
Baptist	—	0.4 %	0.3 %
Seventh-day Adventist	—	0.3 %	0.7 %
Latter-day Saint Church	—	1.0 %	1.1 %
Other religion	2.2 %	3.8 %	5.5 %
Refused/no religion	10.9 %	6.0 %	5.8 %

Catholicism

^[3]

Protestantism

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

^[4]^[5]

^[6] A 2000 census found that there were 121 Mormons on Yap.^[2]^: 166

Seventh-day Adventist Church

External links

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Dobbin, Jay (2011). Summoning the Powers Beyond: Traditional Religions in Micronesia. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN 9780824832032.
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference 2000 Census was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Hezel, Francis X. (2003). "The Catholic Church in Chuuk". Micronesian Seminar. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
^ "Micronesia". Global Mormonism Project. Brigham Young University. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
^ "Micronesia — Facts and Statistics". Mormon Newsroom. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
^ Church Almanac 2013. Deseret Book. 2012. p. 524. ISBN 9781609074203.

Cite error: A list-defined reference named "Garrett 1997" is not used in the content (see the help page).

Chuuk Category:Chuuk State

The Lower Lights

The Lower Lights is an American folk-gospel band.

History

The band was formed around the year 2009 by musician Patrick Campbell and producer Scott Wiley, who wanted to make a hymn album.^[1]

^[2]

^[3]

Christmas album released November 26, 2013.^[4]

The Lower Lights perform annual concerts at the Salt Lake Masonic Temple during the Christmas season.

References

^ Bowler, Hillary. "The Lower Lights combine old hymns, new traditions". DeseretNews.com. Deseret News. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ Nailen, Dan. "The Lower Lights: An LDS-Tinged Supergroup". CityWeekly.net. Salt Lake City Weekly. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ "Lower Lights". Song That Changed My Life. April 9, 2012. 25 minutes in. BYUtv.
^ Stonehocker, Kolbie (December 12, 2013). "The Lower Lights bring community together with new Christmas album". Salt Lake City Weekly. Retrieved August 5, 2015.

External links

Official website

{DEFAULTSORT:Lower Lights, The} Category:American folk musical groups Category:American gospel musical groups

Lexisoft

Lexisoft, Inc. was a computer firm that made the Spellbinder line of computers.^[1]^[2]

References

^ Starr, Terrelynn (May 27, 1992). "Encyclopedia of Microcomputers". In Kent, Allen; Williams, James G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Microcomputers. Vol. 10. CRC Press. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0-8247-2279-1.
^ Orionis, Leo D. "Spellbinder". Old-Computers.com. Retrieved September 3, 2015.

Tropical shelterwood system

The tropical shelterwood system was a system of natural forest management practised in Nigeria during the 1950's. About 200,000 hectares of forest were treated under this system^[1]

References

^ Lowe, R. G. (January 1976). "Experience with the tropical shelterwood system of regeneration in natural forest in Nigeria". Forest Ecology and Management. 1: 193–212. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(76)90025-6.

Category:Forest management

Robert W. Logan

Robert William Logan (1843–1887) was a Protestant missionary in the Chuukese islands.

Biography

Robert William Logan was born in York Township, Medina County, Ohio on May 4, 1843.^[1]^: 199

Ordained in 1870. Joined the Pohnpei mission in 1874. He learned Mortlockese and traveled to the Mortlock Islands with fellow missionary Albert Sturges in 1877. Stationed on Oneop Island in 1879 and worked to translate religious works such as the Bible into Mortlockese. Visited the United States and returned to Chuuk with his wife and established a mission on Moen Island in 1884.^[2]

Died of a fever on December 27, 1887.^[2]^[1]^{: 199–213}

References

^ ^a ^b Creegan, Charles Cole; Goodnow, Josephine A. B. (1895). Great Missionaries of the Church. T. Y. Crowell. pp. 199–215.
^ ^a ^b Wuerch, William L.; Ballendorf, Dirk Anthony (1994). Historical Dictionary of Guam and Micronesia. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. p. 69. ISBN 0810828588.

VIAF

Category:People from Medina County, Ohio Category:American Congregationalist missionaries

{DEFAULTSORT:Logan, Robert William}

Frank Melbourne

Frank Melbourne
Biography [edit] References [edit] Cite error: A list-defined reference has no name (see the help page).

[Dobbin_2011-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Dobbin, Jay (2011). Summoning the Powers Beyond: Traditional Religions in Micronesia. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN 9780824832032.

[2000_Census-2] Cite error: The named reference 2000 Census was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[MicSem-3] Hezel, Francis X. (2003). "The Catholic Church in Chuuk". Micronesian Seminar. Retrieved December 12, 2016.

[4] "Micronesia". Global Mormonism Project. Brigham Young University. Retrieved August 26, 2016.

[5] "Micronesia — Facts and Statistics". Mormon Newsroom. Retrieved August 25, 2016.

[6] Church Almanac 2013. Deseret Book. 2012. p. 524. ISBN 9781609074203.

[Deseret_News-8] Bowler, Hillary. "The Lower Lights combine old hymns, new traditions". DeseretNews.com. Deseret News. Retrieved August 3, 2015.

[SLC_Weekly-9] Nailen, Dan. "The Lower Lights: An LDS-Tinged Supergroup". CityWeekly.net. Salt Lake City Weekly. Retrieved August 3, 2015.

[BYUtv-10] "Lower Lights". Song That Changed My Life. April 9, 2012. 25 minutes in. BYUtv.

[SLC_Weekly_Christmas_Albums-11] Stonehocker, Kolbie (December 12, 2013). "The Lower Lights bring community together with new Christmas album". Salt Lake City Weekly. Retrieved August 5, 2015.

[KentWilliams1992-12] Starr, Terrelynn (May 27, 1992). "Encyclopedia of Microcomputers". In Kent, Allen; Williams, James G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Microcomputers. Vol. 10. CRC Press. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0-8247-2279-1.

[OldComputers-13] Orionis, Leo D. "Spellbinder". Old-Computers.com. Retrieved September 3, 2015.

[14] Lowe, R. G. (January 1976). "Experience with the tropical shelterwood system of regeneration in natural forest in Nigeria". Forest Ecology and Management. 1: 193–212. doi:10.1016/0378-1127(76)90025-6.

[CreeganGoodnow1895-15] Creegan, Charles Cole; Goodnow, Josephine A. B. (1895). Great Missionaries of the Church. T. Y. Crowell. pp. 199–215.

[WuerchBallendorf1994-16] Wuerch, William L.; Ballendorf, Dirk Anthony (1994). Historical Dictionary of Guam and Micronesia. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. p. 69. ISBN 0810828588.

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