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State Sponsored Fake Social Media
Bibliography
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]Books, journals, magazines, websites, papers
- "Social Media Manipulation by Political Actors an Industrial Scale Problem – Oxford Report". Oxford University. January 13, 2021.
- Bradshaw, Samantha; Bailey, Hannah; Howard, Philip N. (January 13, 2021). "Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation" (Computational Propaganda Research Project). Oxford Internet Institute. Retrieved June 10, 2024. OCLC 1261755140 (all editions).
News media
- New York Times (The) → (front page) (PDF). June 5, 2024. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
ISSN 0362-4331; ISSN 1553-8095.
- Podcast → Mumford, Tracy; Baker, Peter; Swan, Jonathan; Walsh, Declan; Stewart, Ian; Metzger, Jessica; Shield, James. "Israel Secretly Targets U.S. Lawmakers ...". ProQuest 3064515288 (US Newsstream database).
- Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (June 6, 2024). "Israel, in Secret, Tried to Sway U.S – Effort to Shape Opinion on the War in Gaza" (updated June 6, 2024). Foreign Desk. Vol. 173, no. 60177 (East Coast; Late ed.). p. 1 (section A).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 3064814075 (US Newsstream database). - Page 1 (section A) (PDF).
- Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (June 5, 2024). "Israel Secretly Targets U.S. Lawmakers With Influence Campaign on Gaza War" (updated June 6, 2024).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 3064471189 (US Newsstream database). - Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (June 5, 2024). "Israel organizó una campaña de influencia secreta sobre la guerra en Gaza" (updated June 8, 2024) (in Spanish).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 3064953634 (US Newsstream database). - Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (June 5, 2024). "Israel organizó una campaña de influencia secreta sobre la guerra en Gaza" (updated June 8, 2024) (in Spanish).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 3064610671 (US Newsstream database).
- New York Times (The) → (front page) (PDF). May 14, 2024. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
ISSN 0362-4331; ISSN 1553-8095.
- Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 14, 2021). "Lies on Social Media Inflame Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" (updated May 14, 2021). Foreign Desk. Vol. 170, no. 59058 (East Coast; Late ed.).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2526859951 (US Newsstream database). - Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 14, 2024). "Lies on Social Media Inflame Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" (updated May 14, 2021). Foreign Desk (East Coast; Late ed.).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 15538095 (US Newsstream database). - Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 14, 2021). "Las mentiras en redes sociales exacerban el conflicto palestino-israelí" (updated May 19, 2021) (in Spanish).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2527582888 (US Newsstream database). - Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 14, 2021). "Las mentiras en redes sociales exacerban el conflicto palestino-israelí" (updated June 8, 2024) (in Spanish).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2527564136 (US Newsstream database).
- New York Times (The) → (front page) (PDF). May 19, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
ISSN 0362-4331; ISSN 1553-8095.
- Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 19, 2021). "Mob Violence Against Palestinians in Israel Is Fueled by Groups on WhatsApp" (updated October 14, 2022). Vol. 170, no. 59063 (East Coast; Late ed.).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2528798743 (US Newsstream database). - Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 19, 2021). "Mob Violence Against Palestinians in Israel Is Fueled by Groups on WhatsApp" (updated July 6, 2021).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2528741339 (US Newsstream database). - Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 19, 2021). "La violencia contra los palestinos en Israel es azuzada en grupos de WhatsApp" (updated March 27, 2021) (in Spanish).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2528849804 (US Newsstream database). - Blog → Frenkel, Sheera (May 19, 2021). "La violencia contra los palestinos en Israel es azuzada en grupos de WhatsApp" (updated July 6, 2021) (in Spanish). ProQuest 2528853468 (US Newsstream database).
- New York Times (The) → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 3, 2023). (front page) (PDF). ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-11-06. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- Print → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 4, 2023). "In a Worldwide War of Words, Russia, China and Iran Back Hamas" (updated November 4, 2023). Vol. 171, no. 59232. p. 7 (section A).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2885704558 (US Newsstream database). - Archived print → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 4, 2023). "In a Worldwide War of Words, Russia, China and Iran Back Hamas" (updated November 4, 2023). Vol. 171, no. 59232. p. 7 (section A). Archived from the original on November 6, 2023 – via Wayback Machine.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)ProQuest 2885704558 (US Newsstream database).
- Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 3, 2023). "In a Worldwide War of Words, Russia, China and Iran Back Hamas" (updated November 4, 2023).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2885567109 (US Newsstream database). - Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 3, 2023). "Bā yǐ chōngtú yǐnfā yúlùn" "shìjiè dàzhàn":"Yī é zhōng zhīchí hā mǎ sī" ="巴以冲突引发舆论" "世界大战":"伊俄中支持哈马斯" (updated November 3, 2023) (in Simplified Chinese).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 3, 2023). "Bā yǐ chōngtú yǐnfā yúlùn `shìjiè dàzhàn'" : "Yī é zhōng zhīchí hā mǎ sī" ="巴以衝突引發輿論「世界大戰」" :"伊俄中支持哈馬斯" (updated November 3, 2023) (in Traditional Chinese).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- New York Times (The) → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 15, 2023). (front page) (PDF). Retrieved 2023-11-11.
ISSN 0362-4331; ISSN 1553-8095.
- Print → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 15, 2023). "In Fight Against Disinformation, the Front Line Is Being Thinned" (updated February 15, 2023). Vol. 170, no. 58970. p. 1 (section A). ProQuest 2776316408 (US Newsstream database).
- Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 14, 2023). "Combating Disinformation Wanes at Social Media Giants" (updated February 14, 2023). ProQuest 2775890288 (US Newsstream database).
- Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 14, 2023). "Combating Disinformation Wanes at Social Media Giants" (updated February 14, 2023) (in Simplified Chinese).
- Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 14, 2023). "Combating Disinformation Wanes at Social Media Giants" (updated February 14, 2023) (in Traditional Chinese).
Primary sources
- "Adcore Announces Israel Government Advertising Agency Contract Extension" (re: Adcore Inc.). Raleigh, North Carolina: AccessWire; Issuer Direct®. August 8, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
See also
[edit]- Agent of influence – Pejorative
- Agent provocateur – Person who incites others to commit incriminating acts
- Agnotology – Study of culturally induced ignorance or doubt
- Alarmism – Excessive or exaggerated alarm about a real or imagined threat
- Alternative facts – Expression associated with political misinformation established in 2017
- Astroturfing – Public relations tactic using fake grassroots movements
- Big lie – Propaganda technique
- Black propaganda – Form of influence campaign
- Chequebook journalism – Practice of news reporters paying sources for information
- Citizen journalism – Journalism genre
- Clickbait – Web content intended to entice users to click on a link
- Confabulation – Recall of fabricated, misinterpreted or distorted memories
- Confirmation bias – Bias confirming existing attitudes
- Culture of fear – Arrangement in which fear of retribution is pervasive
- Demarcation problem – Philosophical question of how to distinguish between science and non-science
- Demoralization (warfare) – Warfare tactic used to erode morale
- Denial and deception – Framework in military intelligence theory
- Dihydrogen monoxide parody – Parody where water is presented by an uncommon name
- Discrediting tactic – Effort to damage someone's reputation
- Disinformation – Deliberately deceptive false information
- Disinformation attack – Coordinated dissemination of false information
- Doomscrolling – Compulsive consumption of large quantity of negative online news
- Doubt Is Their Product – 2008 book by David Michaels (book)
- Drinking the Kool-Aid – Expression
- Dunning–Kruger effect – Cognitive bias about one's own skill
- Echo chamber (media) – Situation that reinforces beliefs by repetition inside a closed system
- Embrace, extend, and extinguish – Anti-competitive Microsoft business strategy (EEE)
- Encoding (memory) – Biological memory process in organisms
- Euromyth – Exaggerated or invented story about the European Union
- Eyewitness memory – Imperfect recall of a crime or other dramatic event
- Fact – Datum or structured component of reality
- Fact-checking – Process of verifying information in non-fictional text
- Factoid – Invented claim or trivial fact
- Fake news – False or misleading information presented as real
- Fake news website – Website that deliberately publishes hoaxes and disinformation
- Fallacy of composition – Fallacy of inferring on the whole from a part
- False equivalence – Logical fallacy of inconsistency
- Fearmongering – Deliberate use of fear-based tactics
- Filter bubble – Intellectual isolation involving search engines
- Firehose of falsehood – Propaganda technique
- Freedom of the press – Freedom of communication and expression through various media
- Fear, uncertainty, and doubt – Tactic used to influence opinion (FUD)
- Fearmongering – Deliberate use of fear-based tactics
- Fnord – Neologism coined in 1965
- Front organization – Surrogate organization answering to someone else
- Hindsight bias – Type of confirmation bias
- Hoax – Widespread deliberate fabrication presented as truth
- Iago – Character in Othello
- Infodemic – Portmanteau of "information" and "epidemic"
- Information quality – term to describe the quality of the content of information systems
- Information silo – Insular information management system
- Internet meme – Cultural item spread via the Internet
- Internet-nationalism – nationalism based on the its activity on the Internet
- Journalism ethics and standards – Principles of ethics and of good practice in journalism
- Mainstream media – Mass news media that influence many people
- Memory conformity – Phenomenon in memory
- Merchants of Doubt – 2014 American documentary film by Robert Kenner (film)
- Merchants of Doubt – 2010 book by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway (book)
- Misinformation – Incorrect or misleading information
- Misinformation effect – Effect of later events on a previous memory
- Moral panic – Fear that some evil threatens society
- Muckraker – Progressive Era reform-minded investigative journalists
- Non-science – Area of study that is not scientific
- Obscurantism – Practice of obscuring information
- Parody religion – Constructed mock religion
- Parody science – Spoof of scientific writing or practice
- Patriotic hacking
- Perception management – Influence tactic
- Political bias – Bias towards a political side in supposedly-objective information
- Post-truth politics – Political culture where facts are considered irrelevant
- Predatory open-access publishing – Fraudulent business model for scientific publications
- Project Fear – Term used in British politics
- Propaganda – Communication used to influence opinion
- Propaganda through media – Use of media for propaganda
- Pseudohistory – Pseudoscholarship that attempts to distort historical record
- Pseudoscience – Unscientific claims wrongly presented as scientific
- Psychological operations (United States) – Psychological operations within United States military and intelligence agencies
- Push polling – Use of polling to spread misinformation
- Rational ignorance – Practice of avoiding research whose cost exceeds its benefits
- Scareware – Malware designed to elicit fear, shock, or anxiety
- Sedition Caucus – American political term
- Selective exposure theory – Theory within the practice of psychology
- Shill – Person who publicly helps or gives credibility to a person or organization to assist in a fraud
- Sock puppet account – False online identity used for deception
- Social Networks – journal
- Spiral of silence – Political science and mass communication theory
- Storage (memory) – Second stage of the memory process
- Swiftboating – Political jargon for a particular form of character assassination as a smear tactic
- Tin foil hat – Hat and stereotype for conspiracy theorists
- Tobacco industry playbook – Propaganda techniques used by the tobacco industry
- Troll farm – People employed to post divisive content
- Trump derangement syndrome – Neologism describing a reaction to Donald Trump's statements
- Useful idiot – Derogatory term in political jargon
- Vaporware – Product announced but never released
- Weapon focus – Psychological phenomenon
- Whataboutism – Formal fallacy
Lists
- List of animals with fraudulent diplomas
- List of cyber warfare forces (topic)
- List of fake news websites
- List of hoaxes – List of hoaxes throughout history
- List of religious hoaxes – List of links to Wikipedia articles on religious hoaxes
- List of scholarly publishing stings – List of nonsense papers that were accepted by an academic journal or conference
Vote brigading
- Vote brigading – Coordinated online voting technique (topic)
- Free Republic – Internet forum for conservatives
- Survivalism – Movement of individuals or households preparing for emergencies and natural disasters (aka doomsday preppers or preppers)
Fake news
- Fake news in the Philippines – The spread of false information in the Philippines
State sponsored propaganda
→ China
→ Germany
- Deutsche Welle – German state owned
broadcaster
→ United States
- Operation Earnest Voice – American communications program
State sponsored misinformation
→ Russia
- Russian disinformation – Russian state-sponsored disinformation campaigns
- Soviet disinformation
- Operation Denver – KGB disinformation campaign claiming that HIV was a U.S. bioweapon
- Russian information war against Ukraine
- Russian web brigades – Russian state-sponsored Internet commentators
→ Iran
- Fars News Agency – Iranian news agency
→ Vietnam
→ Other
- Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- False or misleading statements by Donald Trump – none
Fact checking and disinformation watch agencies
→ United States
- State-sponsored Internet propaganda – Employment of internet propaganda by a government (topic)
- Disinformation Governance Board – Board of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (state)
- FactCheck.org – Fact-checking website (private)
- Snopes – Fact-checking website (private)
- PolitiFact – American nonprofit fact-checking website (private)
- PunditFact – American nonprofit fact-checking website (private)
- The Skeptic's Dictionary (collection of essays)
- The Straight Dope (newspaper column of the Chicago Reader)
- Pillar 2: How Wikipedia is Fighting Misinformation and Disinformation
→ Great Britain
- Full Fact – Fact-checking organisation (private)
→ India
- newschecker
.in – Delhi; owned by NC Media Networks Pvt. Ltd. – Delhi NCR, Bengaluru, and Mumbai (private)
→ Philippines
- Vera Files – News organization in the Philippines (private)
"False flag" conspiracy theories
- False flag – Covert operation designed to deceive
- Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
- Denial of the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel – Denial related to 2023 attack on Israel
Misinformation
→ COVID-19 pandemic
- COVID-19 misinformation – False or misleading virus information (topic)
- COVID-19 misinformation by governments – False or misleading virus information
- COVID-19 misinformation in Canada – Dynamic timeline of COVID-19 misinformation in Canada timeline
- COVID-19 misinformation by China
- COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
- COVID-19 misinformation by the United States – False information propagated by U.S. officials
- COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy – Misinformation regarding the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the resulting hesitancy towards it (topic)
- Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic – Racial prejudice as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic
Trump related'
- Agent provocateur – Person who incites others to commit incriminating acts (January 6 United States Capitol attack)
Categories