User:Eurodog/sandbox410

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State Sponsored Fake Social Media

Bibliography

References

Books, journals, magazines, websites, papers

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• "Social Media Manipulation by Political Actors an Industrial Scale Problem – Oxford Report". Oxford University. January 13, 2021.

• Bradshaw, Samantha; Bailey, Hannah; Howard, Philip N. (January 13, 2021). "Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation" (Computational Propaganda Research Project). Oxford Internet Institute. Retrieved June 10, 2024. OCLC 1261755140 (all editions).

1. Via Oxford Internet Institute (PDF).

News media

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• New York Times (The) → (front page) (PDF). June 5, 2024. Retrieved June 10, 2024. ISSN 0362-4331; ISSN 1553-8095.

1. Podcast → Mumford, Tracy; Baker, Peter; Swan, Jonathan; Walsh, Declan; Stewart, Ian; Metzger, Jessica; Shield, James. "Israel Secretly Targets U.S. Lawmakers ...". ProQuest 3064515288 (US Newsstream database).
2. Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (June 6, 2024). "Israel, in Secret, Tried to Sway U.S – Effort to Shape Opinion on the War in Gaza" (updated June 6, 2024). Foreign Desk. Vol. 173, no. 60177 (East Coast; Late ed.). p. 1 (section A).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 3064814075 (US Newsstream database).
1. Page 1 (section A) (PDF).
3. Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (June 5, 2024). "Israel Secretly Targets U.S. Lawmakers With Influence Campaign on Gaza War" (updated June 6, 2024).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 3064471189 (US Newsstream database).
4. Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (June 5, 2024). "Israel organizó una campaña de influencia secreta sobre la guerra en Gaza" (updated June 8, 2024) (in Spanish).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 3064953634 (US Newsstream database).
5. Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (June 5, 2024). "Israel organizó una campaña de influencia secreta sobre la guerra en Gaza" (updated June 8, 2024) (in Spanish).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 3064610671 (US Newsstream database).

• New York Times (The) → (front page) (PDF). May 14, 2024. Retrieved June 10, 2024. ISSN 0362-4331; ISSN 1553-8095.

1. Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 14, 2021). "Lies on Social Media Inflame Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" (updated May 14, 2021). Foreign Desk. Vol. 170, no. 59058 (East Coast; Late ed.).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2526859951 (US Newsstream database).
2. Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 14, 2024). "Lies on Social Media Inflame Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" (updated May 14, 2021). Foreign Desk (East Coast; Late ed.).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 15538095 (US Newsstream database).
3. Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 14, 2021). "Las mentiras en redes sociales exacerban el conflicto palestino-israelí" (updated May 19, 2021) (in Spanish).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2527582888 (US Newsstream database).
4. Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 14, 2021). "Las mentiras en redes sociales exacerban el conflicto palestino-israelí" (updated June 8, 2024) (in Spanish).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2527564136 (US Newsstream database).

• New York Times (The) → (front page) (PDF). May 19, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2024. ISSN 0362-4331; ISSN 1553-8095.

1. Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 19, 2021). "Mob Violence Against Palestinians in Israel Is Fueled by Groups on WhatsApp" (updated October 14, 2022). Vol. 170, no. 59063 (East Coast; Late ed.).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2528798743 (US Newsstream database).
2. Blog → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 19, 2021). "Mob Violence Against Palestinians in Israel Is Fueled by Groups on WhatsApp" (updated July 6, 2021).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2528741339 (US Newsstream database).
3. Print → Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (May 19, 2021). "La violencia contra los palestinos en Israel es azuzada en grupos de WhatsApp" (updated March 27, 2021) (in Spanish).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2528849804 (US Newsstream database).
4. Blog → Frenkel, Sheera (May 19, 2021). "La violencia contra los palestinos en Israel es azuzada en grupos de WhatsApp" (updated July 6, 2021) (in Spanish). ProQuest 2528853468 (US Newsstream database).

• New York Times (The) → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 3, 2023). (front page) (PDF). ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-11-06. Retrieved 2023-11-11.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

1. Print → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 4, 2023). "In a Worldwide War of Words, Russia, China and Iran Back Hamas" (updated November 4, 2023). Vol. 171, no. 59232. p. 7 (section A).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2885704558 (US Newsstream database).
2. Archived print → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 4, 2023). "In a Worldwide War of Words, Russia, China and Iran Back Hamas" (updated November 4, 2023). Vol. 171, no. 59232. p. 7 (section A). Archived from the original on November 6, 2023 – via Wayback Machine.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2885704558 (US Newsstream database).
3. Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 3, 2023). "In a Worldwide War of Words, Russia, China and Iran Back Hamas" (updated November 4, 2023).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ProQuest 2885567109 (US Newsstream database).
4. Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 3, 2023). "Bā yǐ chōngtú yǐnfā yúlùn" "shìjiè dàzhàn":"Yī é zhōng zhīchí hā mǎ sī" ="巴以冲突引发舆论" "世界大战"："伊俄中支持哈马斯" (updated November 3, 2023) (in Simplified Chinese).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
5. Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera Claire (born 1983) (November 3, 2023). "Bā yǐ chōngtú yǐnfā yúlùn `shìjiè dàzhàn'" : "Yī é zhōng zhīchí hā mǎ sī" ="巴以衝突引發輿論「世界大戰」" ："伊俄中支持哈馬斯" (updated November 3, 2023) (in Traditional Chinese).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

• New York Times (The) → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 15, 2023). (front page) (PDF). Retrieved 2023-11-11. ISSN 0362-4331; ISSN 1553-8095.

1. Print → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 15, 2023). "In Fight Against Disinformation, the Front Line Is Being Thinned" (updated February 15, 2023). Vol. 170, no. 58970. p. 1 (section A). ProQuest 2776316408 (US Newsstream database).
2. Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 14, 2023). "Combating Disinformation Wanes at Social Media Giants" (updated February 14, 2023). ProQuest 2775890288 (US Newsstream database).
3. Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 14, 2023). "Combating Disinformation Wanes at Social Media Giants" (updated February 14, 2023) (in Simplified Chinese).
4. Blog → Myers, Steven Lee; Grant, Nico (February 14, 2023). "Combating Disinformation Wanes at Social Media Giants" (updated February 14, 2023) (in Traditional Chinese).

Primary sources

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• "Adcore Announces Israel Government Advertising Agency Contract Extension" (re: Adcore Inc.). Raleigh, North Carolina: AccessWire; Issuer Direct®. August 8, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2024.

See also

• Agent of influence – PejorativePages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
• Agent provocateur – Person who incites others to commit incriminating acts
• Agnotology – Study of culturally induced ignorance or doubt
• Alarmism – Excessive or exaggerated alarm about a real or imagined threat
• Alternative facts – Expression associated with political misinformation established in 2017
• Astroturfing – Public relations tactic using fake grassroots movements
• Big lie – Propaganda technique
• Black propaganda – Form of influence campaign
• Chequebook journalism – Practice of news reporters paying sources for information
• Citizen journalism – Journalism genre
• Clickbait – Web content intended to entice users to click on a link
• Confabulation – Recall of fabricated, misinterpreted or distorted memories
• Confirmation bias – Bias confirming existing attitudes
• Culture of fear – Arrangement in which fear of retribution is pervasive
• Demarcation problem – Philosophical question of how to distinguish between science and non-science
• Demoralization (warfare) – Warfare tactic used to erode morale
• Denial and deception – Framework in military intelligence theory
• Dihydrogen monoxide parody – Parody where water is presented by an uncommon name
• Discrediting tactic – Effort to damage someone's reputationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Disinformation – Deliberately deceptive false information
• Disinformation attack – Coordinated dissemination of false information
• Doomscrolling – Compulsive consumption of negative online news
• Doubt Is Their Product – 2008 book by David Michaels (book)
• Drinking the Kool-Aid – ExpressionPages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
• Dunning–Kruger effect – Cognitive bias about one's own skill
• Echo chamber (media) – Situation that reinforces beliefs by repetition inside a closed system
• Embrace, extend, and extinguish – Anti-competitive Microsoft business strategy (EEE)
• Encoding (memory) – Biological memory process in organisms
• Euromyth – Exaggerated or invented story about the European Union
• Eyewitness memory – Imperfect recall of a crime or other dramatic event
• Fact – Datum or structured component of reality
• Fact-checking – Process of verifying information in non-fictional text
• Factoid – Invented claim or trivial fact
• Fake news – False or misleading information presented as real
• Fake news website – Website that deliberately publishes hoaxes and disinformation
• Fallacy of composition – Fallacy of inferring on the whole from a part
• False equivalence – Logical fallacy of inconsistency
• Fearmongering – Deliberate use of fear-based tactics
• Filter bubble – Intellectual isolation through internet algorithms
• Firehose of falsehood – Propaganda technique
• Freedom of the press – Freedom of communication and expression through various media
• Fear, uncertainty, and doubt – Tactic used to influence opinion (FUD)
• Fearmongering – Deliberate use of fear-based tactics
• Fnord – Neologism coined in 1965
• Front organization – Surrogate organization answering to someone else
• Hindsight bias – Type of confirmation bias
• Hoax – Widespread deliberate fabrication presented as truth
• Iago – Character in Othello
• Infodemic – Rapid spread of accurate and inaccurate information
• Information quality – term to describe the quality of the content of information systemsPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• Information silo – Insular information management system
• Internet meme – Cultural item spread via the Internet
• Internet-nationalism – nationalism based on the its activity on the InternetPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• Journalism ethics and standards – Principles of ethics and of good practice in journalism
• Mainstream media – Mass news media that influence many people
• Memory conformity – Phenomenon in memory
• Merchants of Doubt – 2014 American documentary film by Robert Kenner (film)
• Merchants of Doubt – 2010 book by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway (book)
• Misinformation – Incorrect or misleading information
• Misinformation effect – Effect of later events on a previous memory
• Moral panic – Fear that some evil threatens society
• Muckraker – Progressive-Era reform-minded investigative journalist in the US
• Non-science – Area of study that is not scientific
• Obscurantism – Practice of obscuring information
• Parody religion – Constructed mock religion
• Parody science – Spoof of scientific writing or practice
• Patriotic hacking
• Perception management – Influence tactic
• Political bias – Bias towards a political side in supposedly-objective information
• Post-truth politics – Political culture where facts are considered irrelevant
• Predatory open-access publishing – Fraudulent business model for scientific publicationsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Project Fear – Term used in British politics
• Propaganda – Communication used to influence opinion
• Propaganda through media – Use of media for propaganda
• Pseudohistory – Pseudoscholarship that attempts to distort historical record
• Pseudoscience – Unscientific claims wrongly presented as scientific
• Psychological operations (United States) – Psychological operations within United States military and intelligence agencies
• Push polling – Use of polling to spread misinformationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• Rational ignorance – Practice of avoiding research whose cost exceeds its benefits
• Scareware – Malware designed to elicit fear, shock, or anxiety
• Sedition Caucus – American political term
• Selective exposure theory – Theory within the practice of psychology
• Shill – Person who publicly helps or gives credibility to a person or organization to assist in a fraud
• Sock puppet account – False online identity used for deception
• Social Networks – journalPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallbackPages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
• Spiral of silence – Political science and mass communication theory
• Storage (memory) – Second stage of the memory process
• Swiftboating – Political jargon for a particular form of character assassination as a smear tactic
• Tin foil hat – Hat and stereotype for conspiracy theorists
• Tobacco industry playbook – Propaganda techniques used by the tobacco industry
• Troll farm – People employed to post divisive content
• Trump derangement syndrome – Neologism describing a reaction to Donald Trump's statements
• Useful idiot – Derogatory term in political jargon
• Vaporware – Product announced but never released
• Weapon focus – Psychological phenomenon
• Whataboutism – Formal fallacy

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Lists

• List of animals with fraudulent diplomas
• List of cyber warfare forces (topic)
• List of fake news websites
• List of hoaxes – List of hoaxes throughout history
• List of religious hoaxes – List of links to Wikipedia articles on religious hoaxes
• List of scholarly publishing stings – List of nonsense papers that were accepted by an academic journal or conference

Vote brigading

• Vote brigading – Coordinated online voting technique (topic)
• Free Republic – Internet forum for conservatives
• Survivalism – Movement of individuals or households preparing for emergencies and natural disasters (aka doomsday preppers or preppers)

Fake news

• Fake news in the Philippines – The spread of false information in the Philippines

State sponsored propaganda

→ China

• Chinese information operations and information warfare

→ Germany

• Deutsche Welle – German state owned

broadcaster

→ United States

• Operation Earnest Voice – American communications program

State sponsored misinformation

→ Russia

• Russian disinformation – Russian state-sponsored disinformation campaigns
• Soviet disinformation
• Operation Denver – KGB disinformation campaign claiming that HIV was a U.S. bioweapon
• Russian information war against Ukraine
• Russian web brigades – Russian state-sponsored Internet commentators

→ Iran

• Fars News Agency – Iranian news agency

→ Vietnam

• Public opinion brigades

→ Other

• Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
• False or misleading statements by Donald Trump – False or misleading statements made by Donald Trump

Fact checking and disinformation watch agencies

→ United States

• State-sponsored Internet propaganda – Employment of internet propaganda by a government (topic)
• Disinformation Governance Board – Board of the United States Department of Homeland Security (state)
• FactCheck.org – Fact-checking website (private)
• Snopes – Fact-checking website (private)
• PolitiFact – American nonprofit fact-checking website (private)
• PunditFact – American nonprofit fact-checking websitePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets (private)
• The Skeptic's Dictionary (collection of essays)
• The Straight Dope (newspaper column of the Chicago Reader)
• Pillar 2: How Wikipedia is Fighting Misinformation and Disinformation

→ Great Britain

• Full Fact – British fact-checking organisation (private)

→ India

• newschecker.in – Delhi; owned by NC Media Networks Pvt. Ltd. – Delhi NCR, Bengaluru, and Mumbai (private)

→ Philippines

• Vera Files – News organization in the Philippines (private)

"False flag" conspiracy theories

• False flag – Covert operation designed to deceive
• Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
• Denial of the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel – Denial related to 2023 attack on IsraelPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

Misinformation

→ COVID-19 pandemic

• COVID-19 misinformation – False or misleading virus information (topic)
• COVID-19 misinformation by governments – False or misleading virus information
• COVID-19 misinformation in Canada – Dynamic timeline of COVID-19 misinformation in Canada timeline
• COVID-19 misinformation by China
• COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
• COVID-19 misinformation by the United States – False information propagated by U.S. officials
• COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy – Misinformation regarding the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the resulting hesitancy towards it (topic)
• Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic – Racial prejudice as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic

Trump related'

• Agent provocateur – Person who incites others to commit incriminating acts (January 6 United States Capitol attack)

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Categories

• Category:Disinformation
• Category:Disinformation operations