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Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher

Biship Travis Bruce Sipuel

Fisher's parents, Rev Travis Bruce Sipuel (1877–1946) and Martha Belle Sipuel, were survivors of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre. He was 43 and she was 36. Their house was burned to the ground. They had moved from Dermott, Arkansas, to Tulsa around 1918 to fulfill an appointment to develop a Church of God in Christ (COGIC) (Pentecostal).^[1] Sipuel rented a house in the Greenwood District on North Greenwood and leased a building for the North Greenwood COGIC. The building was located at 700 N. Greenwood (presently OSU Tulsa), on the North end of the thriving Black Wall Street. Sipuel helped to grow the church to 40 people during his time there.

1922 → 700 N. Greenwood → Pastor M.W. Warren r. 520 N. Greenwood Avenue.

Black Dispatch

Black Dispatch

Bibliography

Notes

^ Fisher, 1996, p. 10.

References linked to notes

Holt, Melba Ruth (interviewer); Fisher, Bruce Travis (interviewee) (September 17, 2007). Oklahoma Voices: Bruce Fisher (oral history audio, with transcript, recorded at the Ronald J. Norick Downtown Library, Oklahoma City, October 26, 2007). Oklahoma City: Metropolitan Library System. Retrieved July 6, 2021 (Fisher is the son of civil rights activist Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher. He talks about his life growing up in Chickasha and Oklahoma City). {{cite AV media}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) OCLC 317313589.

Black Women in America An Historical Encyclopedia

Finkelman, Paul (1993). "Fisher, Ada Lois Sipuel (1924– )". In Hine, Darlene Clark (ed.). Black Women in America – An Hisorical Encyclopedia. Vol. Vol. 1 (of 2) "A–L". Brooklyn: Carlson Publishing Inc. pp. 433–434. Retrieved April 7, 2007 – via Internet Archive. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help) LCCN 92-39947; ISBN 0-9260-1961-9; OCLC 312047095 (all editions).

Hall, Melvin C., "Fisher, Ada Lois Sipuel (1924-1995) Archived July 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Archived May 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (accessed June 15, 2010).

Hall, Melvin C[urtis, JD] (2009). "Fisher, Ada Lois Sipuel (1924–1995)". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Vol. Vol. 1 (of 2) "A–L". Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved June 15, 2010. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) LCCN 2009-42458; ISBN 978-0-9414-9875-3, 0-9414-9875-1; 1087496823, 838050242, 456551444.

Thomas, Robert Mcg, Jr. (October 21, 1995). "Ada Fisher, 71; Broke a Law School Color Barrier". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 28, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)

New York Times, The; Thomas, Robert McG., Jr. (October 21, 1995). "Ada Fisher, 71; Broke a Law School Color Barrier". Obituaries. Vol. 145, no. 50221 (Late ed.). p. 27. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 28, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link) (permalink – via TimesMachine).

Stevens, John Paul (August 6, 2005). "Address to the American Bar Association". Thurgood Marshall Awards Dinner Honoring Abner Mikva – Hyatt Regency Chicago. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved August 9, 2013.

Bernhardt, William [Gene II] (born 1960); Henry, Kim (née Kimberley Diane Blain; born 1964) (2006). Equal Justice: The Courage of Ada Sipuel. Tulsa: Hawk Publishing Group, William Bernhardt, President (publisher).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) LCCN 2006-928190; ISBN 1-9307-0962-5, 978-1-9307-0962-1 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-9993-4205-3 (e-book); OCLC 76945559; Scribd 358022112 .

Oklahoma Supreme Court (1946–1948). Ada Lois Sipuel v. Board of Regents University of Oklahoma, 1948 – . Civil Rights Digital Library, Digital Library of Georgia, supported by a National Leadership Grant for Libraries from the Institute of Museum and Library Services. Retrieved July 9, 2021 ("Civil Case No. 32756 regarding the first African-American woman admitted to the University of Oklahoma law school in 1948." → main article: Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Wattley, Cheryl Brown (born 1953) (2010). "Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher: How a 'Skinny Little Girl' Took on the University of Oklahoma and Helped Pave the Road to Brown v. Board of Education". Oklahoma Law Review. 62 (3). Norman: University of Oklahoma College of Law, University of Oklahoma Press: 449–496. Retrieved July 9, 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ISSN 0030-1752 (publication); OCLC 653361448 (article).

Cross, George Lynn (1975). Blacks in White College – Oklahoma's Landmark Cases (1st ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Retrieved July 9, 2021 – via Internet Archive. LCCN 75-1432; ISBN 0-8061-1266-2, 0-8061-1267-0; OCLC 878136644 (all editions).

Isgrigg, Daniel Dale, PhD (born 1975) (May 30, 2020). "Bishop Travis B. Sipuel: A Pentecostal Survivor of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre". danieldisgrigg.com. Tulsa: WordPress website of the author. Retrieved July 9, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Tulsa City Directory. Polk-Hoffhine Directory Company (compiler and publisher). 1922. LCCN 12-4870; OCLC 11209718.

→ 9th ed., 1915

→ 10th ed., 1916

→ 11th ed., 1917

→ 12th ed., 1918

→ 13th ed., 1919

→ 14th ed., 1920

→ 15th ed., 1921

Fisher, Ada Lois Sipuel; with Danny Goble; forward by Robert Harlan Henry (1996). A Matter of Black and White – Autobiography of Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher. University of Oklahoma Press. Retrieved July 9, 2021 – via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) LCCN 95-38775; ISBN 0-8061-2819-4; OCLC 1128024990 (all editions).

→ Chapter 3: "Seperate But Equal". pp. 43–86.

Burke, Robert (2004). Gates, Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks (eds.). African American Lives. Oxford University Press. pp. 258–259.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) LCCN 2003-23640; ISBN 0-1951-6024-X; OCLC 1078807865 (all editions).

→ "Dunjee, Roscoe" – via Internet Archive {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

→ "Dunjee, Roscoe" – via Google Books (limited view){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Burke, Robert Gene ("Bobbie Gene") (born 1948); Monson, Angela Zoe; foreword by U.S. District Judge Vicki Miles-LaGrange (1998). Roscoe Dunjee, Champion of Civil Rights. Oklahoma Statesmen Series, No. 5. Edmond: University of Central Oklahoma Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ISBN 1-8855-9608-1, 978-1-8855-9608-6; OCLC 39534297.

Sheeler, John Reuben, PhD (1910–1981) (1982). "Roscoe Dunjee (1883–1965)" (online). Seattle, Washington: BlackPast.org. Retrieved February 7, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Sheeler, John Reuben, PhD (1910–1981) (1982). "Roscoe Dunjee (1883–1965)". In Logan, Rayford Whittingham (1897–1982); Winston, Michael Russell, PhD (born 1941) (eds.). Dictionary of American Negro Biography (1st ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 203–204. Retrieved July 12, 2021 – via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) LCCN 81-9629; ISBN 0-3930-1513-0; OCLC 185746128 (all editions).

Rummel, Jack (2003). African American Social Leaders and Activists. New York, NY: Facts on File Inc. p. 61. ISBN 9780816048403.</ref>

Rummel, Jack Thomas (born 1939) (2003). "Dunjee, Roscoe (1883–1965): Editor, Civil Rights Activist". African-American Social Leaders and Activists. Series: A to Z of African Americans. New York: Facts on File, Inc. p. 61. Retrieved February 7, 2015 – via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) LCCN 2002-7915; ISBN 0-8160-4840-1, 978-0-8160-4840-3; OCLC 49952569 (all editions).

Photos

Re: East Central Teachers Association, Oklahoma

Photo by Sally Brittingham Wallace → "Oliver Jacobs Reading a Newspaper Titled The Black Dispatch". Headline: "East Central Teachers Deny Jim Crow Vote". (1940) – via Portal to Texas History
Photo by Sally Brittingham Wallace → "Oliver Jacobs Reading on Bunkhouse Porch at the Lambshead Ranch" – via Portal to Texas History

[FOOTNOTEFisher,199610-1] Fisher, 1996, p. 10.

[1]