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Robinson, Watson, Indiana

Watson

Indiana’s senior senator, Jim Watson, was up for re-election in 1926, along with Robinson, and the Klan felt indebted to Watson for helping Earle Mayfield of Texas get into the Senate. Mayfield had been challenged in the Senate, and Watson had kept quiet at all the proper times. The instructions from Atlanta were that the Klan should go down the line for Watson, and leading local Klansmen, plus the mayors of Indianapolis and Evansville traveled to Washington at Klan expense to talk it over.

The hooded legions of Indiana were willing to vote for a fellow Klansman, but the Democrats and anti-Watson Republicans, led by Grand Dragon [Walter F.] Bossert, refused to violate their political consciences to vote for just a friend. When Bossert was squeezed out, Klansmen from the northern part of the state were mad. Hiram [Wesley] Evans himself made a quick trip to South Bend to forestall the revolt. The candidate of the dissidents was former state Prohibition director, Judge Charles [John] Orbison [(1874–1933)] [member of the Indianapolis Klan], who led Indiana's Klan Democrats, but Evans got him out of the way by making him a national vice president of the Klan. The Republican state chairman [Clyde Allison Walb (1878–1945)] tried to define the election issue for Klansmen and uninitiates alike by declaring that "international bankers on Wall Street" were operating throughout the state to throw the election to the Democrats and the secret power manipulators of Europe. An investigation by the U. S. Senate elections subcommittee found no traces of Wall Street and instead presented a rollicking story of Klan politics and intrigue. For a whole day, former South Bend Cyclops, [Hugh Finlay] "Pat" Emmons [(1882–1949)], kept his listeners and the press amused as he commented wryly on Klan doings, including the story of how the Imperial Wizard of the Invisible Empire had to go to bed in his La Salle Hotel [in South Bend] room while his trousers were being pressed for that evening’s meeting. Watson and Robinson won re-election to the Senate, but it cost the Klan thousands of members.

KKK in politics

• Check this book:

• Helper, Hinton Rowan (1829–1909) (compiler) (1868). The Negroes in Negroland; The Negroes in America; And Negroes Generally. Also, the Several Races of White Men, Considered as the Involuntary and Predestined Supplanters of the Black Races. New York: G.W. Carleton (George Washington Carleton; 1832–1901); London S. Low, Son, & Co. Retrieved May 21, 2021 – via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) LCCN 12-2994; OCLC 277206353 (all editions).

• Congress: Hearings on the KKK

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The Klan helped elect sixteen members of the U. S. Senate. Nine of them were Republican:

Republicans

1. Rice W. Means, Colorado
2. Lawrence C. Phipps (1862–1958), Colorado
3. Frank B. Willis (1871–1928), Ohio
4. Daniel F. Steck (1881–1950), of Iowa
5. Frederick Steiwer (1883–1939), Oregon
6. Arthur Raymond Robinson (1881–1961), Indiana
   From Time magazine November 2, 1925: "The New Man. Arthur R. Robinson is only 44. He is an Indianapolis attorney, a 'good Republican' but of no particular political importance. He is said to be a good orator. Against him politically is the fact that he supported Governor Jackson in the last election and so, justly or unjustly, he is considered a 'Klan man.'"
   • Time (November 2, 1925). "In Indiana". 6 (18) (US ed.). Retrieved May 25, 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
7. James Eli Watson (1864–1948), Indiana
8. John W. Harreld (1872–1950), Oklahoma
9. William B. Pine (1877–1942), Oklahoma

Democrats

1. Sam Ralston, Indiana

   Rest from the South

2. Earle Mayfield, Texas
3. Hugo Black, Alabama
4. Tom Heflin, Alabama
5. William J. Harris (1868–1932), Georgia
6. Lawrence Tyson (1861–1929), Tennessee
7. Frederick M. Sackett (1868–1941), Kentucky

Members of the Senate

1. Theodore G. Bilbo, Mississippi
2. Robert C. Byrd (D), West Virginia
3. Joseph E. Brown
4. John Brown Gordon (D), the U.S. Senator for Georgia, was a founder of the KKK in his home state of Georgia.[15]
5. Rufus C. Holman, Oregon
6. Earle Mayfield, Texas
7. Rice W. Means (R), Colorado
8. John Tyler Morgan (D), Alabama
9. Edmund Pettus, Alabama

• In the 1926 Oregon election, the Ku Klux Klan, under the auspices of The Oregon Good Government League, helped Frederick Steiwer (1883–1939) win the Republican primary by spreading word that it was supporting the reelection of his opponent, Senator Robert N. Stanfield (1877–1945). The effort was fueled by White Supremacist (anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic) groups in Oregon in support of the state's Compulsory Education Act, enacted in 1922, mandating public education; and would have taken effect in 1926; but the Supreme Court, in 1925, struck it down in Pierce v. Society of Sisters.

• Roseburg New-Review (August 16, 1926). "U'Ren Charges Corruption in Steiwer Ranks" (AP). Vol. 27, no. 214. Roseburg, Oregon. p. 1. Retrieved May 25, 2021 – via Newspapers.com. OCLC 52498570 (all editions).

• LCCN sn93-51663

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link

1. Eckard V. Toy, Jr., "The Ku Klux Klan in Tillamook, Oregon," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LIII (1962), 60-64
2. David M. Chalmers, "The Ku Klux Klan in the Sunshine State: The 1920's," Florida Historical Quarterly, XXXXII1* (1964), 209-215
3. Chalmers, Hooded Americanism, The First Century of the Ku Klux Klan (New York, April 1965).

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• Staubach, Susan; (photos by Joseph Szalay) (2013). Guy Wolff: Master Potter in the Garden. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. Retrieved May 24, 2021 – via Google Books. LCCN 2012-49243; ISBN 978-1-6116-8366-0, 978-1-6116-8403-2; OCLC 1097094270 (all editions).</ref>

• Republican Party Platform of 1920 (available from the American Presidency Project of the University of California, Santa Barbara Archived 2006-08-11 at the Wayback Machine).

• James D. Robenalt, “The Republican president who called for racial justice in America after Tulsa massacre: Warren G. Harding’s comments about race and equality were remarkable for 1921” Washington Post June 21, 2020

Bibliography

New media

• "Stephenson Gives Scandal Story to Jury – Gilliom Demands Senator Borah Return Evidence to Adams – Ex-Dragon Taken to Indianapolis". Vol. 42, no. 215. p. 1. Retrieved May 25, 2021 – via Newspapers.com (re: William Borah (1865–1940); Arthur Luther Gilliom (1886–1968){{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Books, journals

• Time (January 9, 1928). "The States: Jury's Work". 11 (2) (US ed.). Retrieved May 25, 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

• "Senate Resolution 195, a Resolution Authorizing the President of the Senate to Appoint a Special Committee to Make Investigation Into the Means Used to Influence the Nomination of Any Person as a Candidate for Membership of the United States Senate". Senatorial Campaign Expenditures. Hearings Before a Special Committee Investigating Expenditures in Senatorial Primary and General Elections – United States Senate (Hearings in Chicago, Indianapolis, Kansas City, and St. Louis. October 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, and 27, 1926. Part 3). Sixty-Ninth Congress, First Session. Printed for the use of the [U.S. Senate] Special Committee Investigating Expenditures in Senatorial Primary and General Elections. 1926. Retrieved May 25, 2021 – via Google Books. OCLC 621998860 (all editions) & 12336110.

"Testimony of Hugh Pat Emmons". Chicago. October 20–21, 1926. pp. 2026–2077.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

"Testimony of Walter F. Bossert". Chicago. October 21, 1926. pp. 2078–2094.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

"Testimony of Clyd A. Walb". Chicago. October 21, 1926. pp. 2094–2107.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)