User:Dustfreeworld/sandbox
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132100405X
Blood lead levels and their associated risk factors in Chinese adults from 1980 to 2018 /pm2.5
https://www.psychiatry.org/news-room/apa-blogs/air-pollution%E2%80%99s-impact-on-mental-health
Air pollution’s Impact on Mental Health
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36116638/ Review. Short-term exposure to air pollution is an emerging but neglected risk factor for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32560306/ Review. Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27720315/ • [6]
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32568207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10252423/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36613749/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917196/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36598457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/37469682/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4736276/
https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:daed677c-0ba5-4dad-b953-cb3562d4007d/files/rpc289j52n
https://www.google.com/search?q=aerosol%20virus https://archive.ph/JhNAo
https://www.google.com/search?q=particulate+virus
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.2c03856 Co-Exposure of Ambient Particulate Matter and Airborne Transmission Pathogens: The Impairment of the Upper Respiratory Systems
Dusty process, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMXa1QImM54
https://web.archive.org/web/20230627041454/http://www.epta.eu/health-and-safety
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/welding/fumes.html#section-7-hdr
Possible warming effect of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere
[10] [11]
https://archive.is/*.nullschool.net
---
Control/prevention.
Education/incentives (workers/public/industries,etc)
Regulations of production/import/use/discharge/maintenance/abandonment of potentially toxic/harmful materials/machineries/power tools/facilities (with sufficient enforcement and penalties)
Source/exposure
Global
Regional
Urban planning/building density/building design
Vicinity/weather/fugitive
On-site/IAQ/SBS/HVAC bathroom vapour
Secondary contamination
Personal (eyes/nose/ears/mouth/teeth/skin/hands/nail/hair;clothes;shoes;accessories;personal belongings)
Home(windows/door/drain outlet/exhaust fan/air conditioner/stairway/chimney effect/rooftop...) Shopping mall Restaurant School Office Hotel... Crowded area Confined space
Deteriorated paint(peel/chip/crack...)(humidity/temp....)
Ventilation(when & for how long)
Permanent/long-term/short-term Acute(use of power tools/renovation/refurbishment/construction projects/roadwork/dusty material not covered(soot, construction wastes...)/any nearby point source/wind(downwind)/change in weather cond./coexist high bg level/heavy industries/recycling plants/mining/smelting/911/fire...)/Chronic
Macro meso micro ... Super(im)position over time
Quota Threshold Predisposition
Interaction(chemical/biological) in vitro/in vivo
Body in out rate Detox?
AQI/measurement vs Real exposure
No emission vs Removal at source vs Exposure prevention vs Removal after exposure
Hygiene(public/personal)
Food/Water/Soil/Products Contamination(source/transportation/preparation/consumption)
Most significant source people are exposed to (amount.pnc / toxicity/proximity/shape/hardness/size/weight/frequency/duration..). Urban(cities)/rural. Developed/less developed
Body defense (cough/sneezing/hiccup/sputum/tears/nausea/vomiting/itch/inflammation...)
Site of deposition Lodged or not Disease implications
Voc, paint dust
Dolsot
Heat island
Rainwater (clean/dirty?)
Lightning Dust fire/explosion Fire
Wind(disperse pollutants; -pm size, +pnc? + with low temp? humidity? pm travel further when dry? shape? sharper? difficult to disperse/dilute when too humid?) Temperature(evaporation/vaporisation/volatilisation/rate of chem. reaction...)(pm from burning vs pm from mechanical process) Diffusion Particulate Sound Electromagnetic waves Remote sensing
Types of dust
(household/road/fugitive/suspended/accumulated...)
(windblown and fast-moving/stagnate)
(combustible/flammable...)
(metal/glass/wood/cement/concrete/slag/asbestos/paint/DPM/
plastics/textile/human/animal/plant/black carbon/ash/coal/soil/pesticide/herbicide/fertiliser...)
Interaction/chemical reaction/weather/aging process
Fine vs Coarse (SA:V) (warming/combustibility/flammability/fire/climate/disease-causing ability)
Amount of dust at diff. height (fugitive, suspended...)
Good dust(fumes) drives away bad dust(fumes)? Can be. But what’s good/bad??
Chelation (e.g. [12]) Prebiotics Probiotics Gut flora
Bacteria Heavy metals Sewage treatment
Desulphovibrio bacteria Sulphate SO2 Parkinson(ism/'s?) TCE Paraquat Manganese Metals Pb Hg Welding CO CS2 ... (?) Toluene#Bioremediation Lead#Restriction_and_remediation [13] [14] [15] [16]
PD/Mn2+/prevent/reverse/treat/chelators/alpha-syn./plants.. [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]
AD
Alzheimer’s disease: how precision medicine could [reverse] cognitive decline, Aug 2022 [24]
"A recent trial using precision medicine is the first to show cognitive improvement in patients with Alzheimer’s."
“In their pursuit of a personalised approach to Alzheimer’s, the researchers behind the study identified the primary drivers of the disease, which can range from pathogens and toxins to vascular disease…”
“There hadn’t been success with precision medicine for Alzheimer’s because people hadn’t really made deep dives into what is causing this in each person,” Bredesen explains. “So in our case, we looked at many different variables, we determined the contributors to cognitive decline for each person, and then we targeted those.”
“When we do that, the results are really spectacular.”
THERAPEUTIC APPROACH: EVALUATION
The goal of the evaluation is to identify the contributors to the proposed network insufficiency, with the four major groups of contributors being: 1) pro-inflammatory agents and signals; 2) toxins and toxicants (inorganics, organics, and biotoxins); 3) energetics (cerebral blood flow, oxygen saturation, mitochondrial function, and substrate concentration); and 4) trophic support (neurotrophic factors, hormones, and nutrients).
Therefore, laboratory evaluation includes markers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, albumin:globulin ratio, fibrinogen, tumor necrosis factor alpha, omega-6:omega-3 ratio, homocysteine, and uric acid), autoimmune markers (such as CD57, anti-thyroglobulin, anti-thyroid peroxidase, and anti-nuclear antigen), immune markers such as immunoglobulins and lymphocyte subsets, as well as potential sources of chronic or recurring inflammation: chronic pathogens such as Herpes family viruses, tick-borne pathogens, SARS-CoV-2, Toxoplasma gondii, or Chlamydia pneumoniae; intestinal hyperpermeability markers (such as antibodies to zonulin or lipopolysaccharide), oral pathogens (such as P. gingivalis, T. denticola, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum).
Energetic support evaluation includes measurement of nocturnal SpO2 to screen for sleep apnea and upper airway resistance syndrome, identification of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, hemoglobin A1c), lipid panel, mitochondrial function (organic acid tests), markers of hypercoagulation (such as Factor V Leiden and prothrombin mutations, anti-phospholipid antibodies, lipoprotein (a), protein C and protein S activity), and advanced lipid panels.
Toxin and toxicant evaluation includes screening for exposure to metals (organic and inorganic mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, iron) and the metalloid arsenic, organics (such as benzene, toluene, glyphosate, and formaldehyde), and biotoxins (such as trichothecenes, ochratoxin A, gliotoxin, and zearalenone). Many of these potential contributors, such as biotoxins, have not been formally recognized as contributing to the cognitive decline associated with AD, but their ability to increase the burden of inflammation and reduce energetic support for the brain makes them strong candidates, and anecdotal evidence implicates them [20].
Trophic support evaluation includes neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)), nutrients (B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin E, magnesium, zinc, copper, CoQ10, lipoic acid, omega-6:omega-3 ratio, omega-3 index), and hormones (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, pregnenolone, sex-hormone binding globulin, DHEA sulfate, and thyroid).
Genetic testing is carried out, focused especially on genetic variants related to inflammation, methylation, detoxification, hypercoagulability, neurotrophins, neurotransmitters, mitochondrial function, nutrient metabolism, hormone metabolism and signaling, antioxidation, and metal binding. Imaging is carried out utilizing brain MRI with regional volumetrics. For some patients, electrophysiological tests are also included, with special attention paid to the P300 evoked response (P300a and b), dominant alpha rhythm on EEG, and theta:beta ratio on EEG.
Valuable new tests, unavailable at the time of the previous trial but incorporated into the ongoing randomized controlled trial (https://www.dementiareversaltrial.com/; https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05894954?cond=Cognitive%20Decline&term=reversal&rank=5), should improve accuracy in both diagnosis and follow-up. These tests include epigenetic evaluation as well as blood tests for biomarkers such as p-tau 181, p-tau 217, Aβ42 : 40 ratio, GFAP, and neurofilament light. From these laboratory tests, potential contributors to cognitive decline are identified.
It should be clarified that, unlike in previous teaching that AD should be distinguished from “treatable causes of dementia” (such as normal pressure hydrocephalus or neurosyphilis), here these various treatable factors are potential contributors to AD pathophysiology, not unrelated comorbidities. AD is thus treated as a chronic innate encephalitis that represents a response to these various insults, much as the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis has turned out to represent a response to Epstein-Barr virus (and potentially other viruses) [21], with the key distinction being that multiple sclerosis involves dysregulated adaptive immunity (autoimmunity) [22], whereas AD may primarily involve innate immunity [23].
In addition to determining the potential contributors to AD, the evaluation stratifies patients into AD subtypes in accord with the dominant contributor(s) [24]: inflammatory, glycotoxic, atrophic, toxic, vascular, or traumatic. However, in most patients, multiple subtypes are present. [1]
THERAPEUTIC APPROACH: TREATMENT
The results of the evaluation of each patient implicate specific contributors and their associated pathways and mechanisms, which are then addressed with a personalized protocol. However, there are core considerations that are included for every patient, such as the goal of achieving insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility, i.e., the ability to alternate utilization of glucose and ketones. The defect in glucose utilization in the temporal and parietal brain regions (and especially in the posterior cingulate and precuneus) has been well documented [25], as has the increased risk of cognitive decline in individuals with insulin resistance [26]. Furthermore, the use of exogenous ketones has been shown to improve cognitive function in patients with MCI [27].
Thus, the goal is to identify and address the factors associated theoretically and epidemiologically (though in some cases yet to be proven causally) with AD-related cognitive decline, both common and patient-specific:
• Optimize energetic support (oxygenation, cerebral blood flow, substrate availability, and mitochondrial function);
• Restore insulin sensitivity;
• Improve hyperlipidemia;
• Resolve inflammation if present (and remove the cause(s) of the inflammation);
• Treat identified pathogens;
• Optimize trophic support (hormones, nutrients, and neurotrophic factors);
• Treat autoimmunity if identified;
• Detoxify if toxins are identified.
This approach requires more extensive evaluation than is the current standard of care for patients presenting with cognitive decline, as well as a more complex treatment regimen, and a treatment team that is most effective when including a health coach, nutritionist, and a physical trainer, along with the physician.
The goals of the nutritional component of the protocol are mild ketosis (1.0–4.0 mM beta-hydroxybutyrate) and insulin sensitivity (i.e., metabolic flexibility), microbiome optimization, healing of any gastrointestinal hyperpermeability, avoidance of malabsorption, detoxification, and supply of key nutrients for cognition, such as choline, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. To accomplish these goals, a plant-rich, high-fiber (soluble and insoluble), mildly ketogenic diet, high in leafy greens and other non-starchy vegetables (raw and cooked), high in unsaturated fats (both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated), low in glycemic load, with a fasting period of 12–16 h each night is recommended, and glucose and ketone levels are followed. It is noteworthy that this nutritional approach often leads to improvement in blood pressure, lipid profiles, and glycemic control. Toxicant-minimized produce (often labeled “organic”), wild-caught low-mercury fish (salmon, mackerel, anchovies, sardines, and herring), and modest consumption of pastured eggs and meats are allowed, and avoidance of processed food, simple carbohydrates, grains, and dairy are recommended. Blood ketone levels are monitored with fingerstick ketone meters, with a goal of 1.0–4.0 mM beta-hydroxybutyrate, or less desirably with breathalyzers monitoring acetone levels. The importance of including ketosis as a goal has been supported by the work of Cunnane et al. [28].
The goals of the exercise component of the common part of the protocol are to improve cardiovascular and endothelial functions and insulin sensitivity, enhance ketosis, BDNF, cerebral blood flow, and sleep. Both aerobic and strength training are recommended for at least 45 min per day, at least six days per week (for aerobic exercise) and at least twice per week (for strength training), and this may be facilitated by personal trainers. Balance training is also encouraged. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is recommended a minimum of twice per week for those capable of performing HIIT.
Sleep hygiene is recommended to ensure 7–8 h of sleep per night, and patients without a diagnosis of sleep apnea are tested over several nights using home sleep study devices. In those diagnosed with sleep apnea or upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), referral for treatment with a continuous positive airway pressure apparatus or a dental splint device (for those identified with UARS) is provided. Sleep stages are monitored with a wearable device, with a goal of at least one hour of deep, slow-wave sleep per night, and at least 90 min of REM sleep.
Stress is another potential contributor to the cognitive decline associated with AD [29], and therefore management of stress is included as a core component. There are many techniques to address stress as a contributor, with a goal of increasing vagal tone and improving associated heart-rate variability. These include shinrin-yoku [30], transcendental meditation [31], yoga [32], and biofeedback [33], among others.
Although the effect of brain training on cognitive decline has met with some controversy [34], Merzenich and his group have developed and validated brain training approaches to enhance neuroplasticity [35], and therefore brain training is included as a core component of the overall protocol. A HIPAA and SOC-2-compliant platform with empirical validation [36] is utilized, for a minimum of 15 min daily. Participants train on 29 cognitive exercises that target the speed and accuracy of information processing.
For patients in whom suboptimal neurotrophic status is detected (e.g., by serum testing or inference from sedentary lifestyle), BDNF is increased with whole coffee fruit extract (as well as exercise and ketosis) [37]. For those with suboptimal nutrients (e.g., vitamin D, omega-3, B vitamins, CoQ10, or minerals), appropriate nutrients are provided. For those in whom hormone levels are suboptimal, bio-identical hormone replacement and appropriate supplements are provided to optimize sex hormone levels [38], neurosteroids (dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, and vitamin D), and thyroid medications as indicated for sub-optimal thyroidfunction.
For those found to have gastrointestinal hyperpermeability, infections, inflammation, or impaired absorption and digestion, gut healing with dietary restriction, gut-healing nutrients, and digestive enzyme support if indicated, along with treatment of any identified dysbiosis, is included in the protocol. Gastrointestinal hyperpermeability is assessed by testing for antibody response to permeability-related antigens such as actomyosin, occludin/zonulin, and lipopolysaccharide.
For those with evidence of systemic inflammation, pro-resolving mediators and anti-inflammatory herbs and supplements (such as liposomal glutathione or S-acetyl glutathione, fish oil, resveratrol, vitamins C and D, boswellia, turmeric, and/or quercetin) are included, and low-dose naltrexone is prescribed for those with evidence of autoimmunity. Omega-3 fats are included via diet and supplementation. Note that low-dose naltrexone was chosen for those with autoimmunity because of its ability to increase endorphins, which in turn bind to lymphocyte receptors and regulate immune function, reducing autoimmune responses [39].
As noted above, Itzhaki and other investigators have made a compelling case for a role for microbes in AD pathogenesis [6]. Moreover, as reported by Moir and their colleagues, the oligomeric Aβ peptide is a potent anti-microbial peptide [40], which, similar to other antimicrobial peptides, is produced in response to infections. Therefore, infectious agents associated with cognitive decline or systemic inflammation are identified and treated. For those with evidence of Herpes simplex infection or a history of outbreaks, valacyclovir is prescribed for 3–12 months. Active Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is treated with herbal protocols (such as juniperus, acer, and tamarix or monolaurin, lysine, and olive leaf extract). For those with evidence of tick-borne infections [41] such as Borrelia, Babesia, or Bartonella, organism-sensitive treatment is prescribed with herbal anti-microbials, such as Cryptolepis and Japanese knotweed [42], along with immune support.
For those with toxicity associated with metals (e.g., mercury or lead), organic pollutants (e.g., benzene, phthalates, or organophosphate insecticides), or biotoxins (e.g., trichothecenes, ochratoxin A, or gliotoxin), detoxification is undertaken, starting with identification and avoidance of exposure, and adding binding agents (e.g., cholestyramine, activated charcoal, or bentonite clay), sauna, herbs, sulforaphane, and dietary restriction of seafood if indicated.[1]
- ^ a b Bredesen DE, Toups K, Hathaway A, Gordon D, Chung H, Raji C, Boyd A, Hill BD, Hausman-Cohen S, Attarha M, Chwa WJ, Kurakin A, Jarrett M (2023). "Precision Medicine Approach to Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Implications". J Alzheimers Dis (review). 96 (2): 429–437. doi:10.3233/JAD-230467. PMC 10741308. PMID 37807782.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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Virus
MyExposome
Epigenetic
Nanomedicine
Precision medicine
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NIEHS
https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2023/1/science-highlights/papers-of-the-year
Transforming the understanding of human health and disease diabetes, asbestos, coal dust; environmental exposures > genetics
https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP12925 prostate cancer, nitrates, drinking water
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/93505/cdc_93505_DS1.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35682254/ hurricane, weather
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3oItpVa9fs music heals, noise kills?
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lupita-Montoya#publications
Risk risk
https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674773073
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1smjth8
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2614071
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3504530/
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/30/well/live/water-filter-bacteria-pfas.html
If true then why? Besides acid rain, what about voc/heavy metals/construction dust/metal dust rain? And (lead) paint deterioration (interior/exterior)? Moisture/dissolved; High rise building (under refurbishment/renovation?), up->down? Or, disturbed soil? ?
Diet, https://www.psychiatry.org/News-room/APA-Blogs/Mental-Health-Through-Better-Nutrition
[26][27][28]
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![[28]](https://media.nutrition.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Food-and-Mood-tips-for-your-mental-health-300x260-300x260.png){kind=link}
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37348216/
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Heavy metals Parasites Bacteria Virus Malnutrition Nutrient imbalance
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29409549/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7476227/
https://www.nature.com/news/2007/070625/full/news070625-1.html
https://e360.yale.edu/digest/common-earthworms-used-to-remove-toxic-metals-from-soil
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Cry Cry1 Magnetic field Neuron regrowth TMS Cry4
[30]
[31]
Light Delayed sleep–wake phase disorder Prostate cancer DNA damage [32] [33]
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Toxic clout (2013?)
https://www.thenewlede.org/2023/11/syngenta-paraquat-secrets-featured-on-abc-news/
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Iron lung (old but good)
Death prevention (global/national/local) = toxin elimination
Toxin elimination = pollution prevention + toxin-free production
Pollution prevention + toxin-free production = clean air/clean water/clean food
Clean air/clean water/clean food = disease prevention/accident(from erroneous decision-making/machine malfunctioning. . .) prevention = death prevention
+ stay away from (natural) hazards + risk risk
Death prevention (individual) = toxin elimination + [toxin exposure reversion]
Toxin exposure reversion = ?
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wp
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction/All https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy#Try_to_fix_problems https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:But_it%27s_my_own_work! https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/faqs/copyright-ownership/ https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Wikipedia:Nobody_reads_the_directions https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Wikipedia:WIN https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Wikipedia:Harrassment
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https://xtools.wmflabs.org/topedits/wiki.riteme.site/Dustfreeworld/0
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Road to truth
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On neutrality
Sometimes you agree with this extreme end of the spectrum.
Sometimes you agree with that extreme end of the spectrum.
Sometimes you are in between.
The right (/north/upper/brown/cyan/whatever..) thinks you are the left...
The left (/south/lower/violet/orange/whatever..) thinks you are the right...
Those who are neutral(?) think you are either left... or right...
At the end of the day, you are nothing.
But ... isn’t Wikipedia the place on earth with the largest group of people who aims for neutrality?
No.
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Plan for Rtm
On-tool extraction
LEV
Joss paper
Wildfire
Construction dust
Metal dust Power tool
Solvent?
Particulates (struct.)
Air pollution?
Dust (sidebar; struc.)
DIY project
Welding fume
Sawdust
Bad recycling
Slag?
Geopolymer?
Hk hist. / culture
British hk (changed?) (reasons for decline)
Concrete plants
Hk air p.
Coco Lee
.
On minority view, (silent majority, FOS and bowing out)
[edit]“The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the third century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, who had been influenced by a concept presented by Philolaus of Croton (c. 470 – 385 BC).” minority view
“In medieval Europe, however, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic period.” minority view
“It was not until the sixteenth century that a mathematical model of a heliocentric system was presented by the Renaissance mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic cleric, Nicolaus Copernicus, leading to the Copernican Revolution” (1543) probably still minority view
"Giordano Bruno, the only known person to defend Copernicus' heliocentrism in his time, was burned alive at the stake in 1600." probably still minority view, maybe with a growing silent majority?
“In the following century, Johannes Kepler introduced elliptical orbits, and Galileo Galilei presented supporting observations made using a telescope.” (1609) ?
“1616 ban against Copernicanism” don’t know what view it was but it’s banned
“Galileo's trial in 1633” don’t know what view it was but he’s put under house arrest for the last few years of his life
“In 1687, Isaac Newton published Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, which provided an explanation for Kepler's laws in terms of universal gravitation and what came to be known as Newton's laws of motion. This placed heliocentrism on a firm theoretical foundation ... Meanwhile, the Catholic Church remained opposed to heliocentrism as a literal description, but this did not by any means imply opposition to all astronomy” ?
“In 1758 the Catholic Church dropped the general prohibition of books advocating heliocentrism” majority view
- At the very beginning, only one person, or a few persons, know the truth. They are lonely. What they believe is “minority view”.
- It can take a LONG time for everyone to know it and believe in it. It can take a LONG time for it to become a “majority view”.
- As information flows more freely nowadays, perhaps less time is needed, but it still takes time.
- ALL scientific discoveries start as “minority views”. Tomorrow’s majority views = Today’s minority views (i.e. all tomorrow’s majority views related to new discoveries come from today’s minority views; although not all today’s minority views will become tomorrow’s majority views)
- Implications on scientific/social/etc. advancement?
- Importance of minority views
- Importance of scientific works preservation
- Importance of free flow of information ...
Minority views were “bad information” when they were still minority views. They may even be banned. Who can be the judges of the future? Who can be so confident that their views are absolutely correct and will never be overturned, and will still be “majority views” 1000 years later?
By preservation, it doesn’t mean we are drawing a conclusion that a view is good or bad / right or wrong. We just make it “visible” and not “disappeared” or “banned”.
As long as it’s “visible”, people can still discuss about it, learn more about it, ask questions about it, dispute about it, relate it / compare it to other views, refine it, make improvement of it, etc. That’s where knowledge comes from. If it’s “not there” and people don’t even know about it, everything stops there.
In other words, the most advanced view now, if judged by people who live 500 years later, is rubbish.
Their choices:
Copernicus:
Bruno: Never shut up
Galileo:
Newton:
.