User:Donald Trung/Privately minted cash coins of Vietnam
This is mostly an experimental page to see if I could correctly implement the currently known calligraphic variants of Vietnamese cash coins without it being "too incomplete", though I'm an eventualist so that doesn't mean that I won't launch an incomplete list.
Unidentified Vietnamese coins from 1600 and later
[edit]At various times many rebel leaders proclaimed themselves as Lords (主), Kings (王), and Emperors (帝), and had produced their own coinage with their reign names and titles on them, but as their rebellions would prove unsuccessful or brief their reigns and titles would go unrecorded in Vietnamese history, therefore coins produced by their rebellions cannot easily be classified. Coins were also often privately cast and these coins were sometimes of high quality or well-made imitations of imperial coinage, though often they would bear the same inscriptions as already circulating coinage, sometimes they would have "newly invented" inscriptions.[1] The Nguyễn lords that ruled over Southern Vietnam had also produced their own coinage at various times as they were the de facto kings of the South, but as their rule wasn't official, it is currently unknown what coins can be attributed to which Nguyễn lord. Though since Edouard Toda has made his list in 1882 several of the coins that he had described as "originating from the Quảng Nam province" have been ascribed to the Nguyễn lords that the numismatists of his time couldn't identify. During the rule of the Nguyễn lords many foundries for private mintage were also opened and many of these coins bear the same inscriptions as government cast coinage or even bear newly invented inscriptions making it hard to attribute these coins.[2] however over the years many of these cash coins were attributed to private mints both in Vietnam and elsewhere.
The following list contains Vietnamese cash coins whose origins cannot be (currently) established:
Inscription (chữ Quốc ngữ) |
Inscription (Hán tự) |
Notes | Toda image | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thiệu Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 紹聖元寶 | ![]() |
||
Minh Định Tống Bảo | 明定宋寶 | "Tống Bảo" (宋寶) is written in Seal script. | ![]() |
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Cảnh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 景元通寶 | Appears in both Regular script, and Seal script. | ![]() |
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Thánh Tống Nguyên Bảo | 聖宋元寶 | ![]() |
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Càn Nguyên Thông Bảo | 乾元通寶 | Produced in the upper parts of Northern Vietnam. | ![]() |
|
Phúc Bình Nguyên Bảo | 福平元寶 | Written in Seal script. | ![]() |
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Thiệt Quý Thông Bảo | 邵癸通寶 | Written in both Running hand and Seal script. | ![]() |
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Dương Nguyên Thông Bảo | 洋元通寶 | Appear in multiple sizes. | ![]() |
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Thiệu Phù Nguyên Bảo | 紹符元寶 | Written in Seal script. | ![]() |
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Nguyên Phù Thông Bảo | 元符通寶 | Written in Seal script. | ![]() |
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Đại Cung Thánh Bảo | 大工聖寶 | ![]() |
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Đại Hòa Thông Bảo | 大和通寶 | The reverse is rimless. | ![]() |
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Cảnh Thì Thông Bảo | 景底通寶 | The "底" closely resembles a "辰" | ![]() |
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Thiên Nguyên Thông Bảo | 天元通寶 | A variant exists where the "元" is written in Seal script. | ![]() |
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Nguyên Trị Thông Bảo | 元治通寶 | The characters "治" and "寶" are written in Seal script. | ![]() |
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Hoàng Hi Tống Bảo | 皇熙宋寶 | ![]() |
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Khai Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 開聖元寶 | ![]() |
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Thiệu Thánh Thông Bảo | 紹聖通寶 | ![]() |
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Thiệu Thánh Bình Bảo | 紹聖平寶 | the reverse is rimless. | ![]() |
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Thiệu Tống Nguyên Bảo | 紹宋元寶 | ![]() |
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Tường Tống Thông Bảo | 祥宋通寶 | ![]() |
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Tường Thánh Thông Bảo | 祥聖通寶 | ![]() |
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Hi Tống Nguyên Bảo | 熙宋元寶 | ![]() |
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Ứng Cảm Nguyên Bảo | 應感元寶 | ![]() |
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Thống Phù Nguyên Bảo | 統符元寶 | ![]() |
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Hi Thiệu Nguyên Bảo | 熙紹元寶 | ![]() |
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Chính Nguyên Thông Bảo | 正元通寶 | Variants exist with rimmed and rimless reverses, as well as one where there's a dot or a crescent on the reverse. | ![]() |
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Thiên Đức Nguyên Bảo | 天德元寶 | ![]() |
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Hoàng Ân Thông Bảo | 皇恩通寶 | ![]() |
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Thái Thánh Thông Bảo | 太聖通寶 | ![]() |
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Đại Thánh Thông Bảo | 大聖通寶 | ![]() |
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Chánh Hòa Thông Bảo | 政和通寶 | A variant exists where there's a crescent a dot on the reverse, and another one with only the crescent. | ![]() |
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Thánh Cung Tứ Bảo[a] | 聖宮慈寶 | None | ||
Thánh Trần Thông Bảo | 聖陳通寶 | None | ||
Đại Định Thông Bảo | 大定通寶 | None | ![]() | |
Chính Long Nguyên Bảo | 正隆元寶 | None | ||
Hi Nguyên Thông Bảo | 熙元通寶 | None | ||
Cảnh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 景元通寶 | None | ![]() | |
Tống Nguyên Thông Bảo | 宋元通寶 | None | ![]() | |
Thiên Thánh Nguyên Bảo | 天聖元寶 | None | ![]() | |
Thánh Nguyên Thông Bảo | 聖元通寶 | None | ![]() | |
Chính Pháp Thông Bảo | 正法通寶 | None | ||
Tây Dương Phù Bảo | 西洋符寶 | None | ||
Tây Dương Bình Bảo | 西洋平寶 | None | ||
An Pháp Nguyên Bảo | 安法元寶 | Most often attributed to Lê Lợi (黎利).[3][4] | ![]() |
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Bình Nam Thông Bảo | 平南通寶 | Often attributed to the Nguyễn lords (阮主). | None |
Privately minted cash coins of Vietnam
[edit]Many previously unidentified Vietnamese cash coins turned out to be privately minted by both legal and illegal mints in Vietnam, concurrently there were Chinese and Nusantaran forgers and illegal mints that produced cash coins for the Vietnamese market to exchange it for more valuable cash coins and silver at the border.
Tường Hựu group (祥祐手)
[edit]Thiên Thánh group (天聖手)
[edit]Traditionally rebel Phạm Sư Ôn 1391 & related
Hi Nguyên group (熙元手)
[edit]1400's?
"Bird claw" Chinh Long group 爪正隆手 Le semi-official tribute and trade c.1440-1516
"Broad rims" group 阔缘手 c. 1500-1600's
Vạn Kiep group 萬劫手
"Bears fruit" Thuần Hi / Jie Chun Xi Shou 結淳凞手 1500's-late 1600's
Xứng Pháp group 称法手 Traditionally attributed to Le rebels c.1516-26
"Better cast" Chinh Long 別炉正隆手 Mac tribute and trade c. 1527-40
Hoàng Ân / Huang En group 皇恩手 Restored Le related 1533-50's
Minh Tống group / Ming Song Shou 明宋手 Traditionally Restored Le, after 1533
"Fine writing" Chí Ðạo group 纤字至道手 Mid-late 1500's
"Fine writing" small cash 纤字元豐手 c. 1570-1595
"Corroded characters" Cảnh Đúc / Shi Zi Jing De group 蝕字景德手 Northern, local, c. 1595-1650
"Turtle bao" Chi Đạo group / Gui Bao Zhi Dao Shou 龟寳至道手 Includes several mints c.1560's-1660.
An Phap style 安法手 Mid 1500's through 1700's
South China Sea trade cash circulated in Vietnam
Trade imitations of Chinese Yong Le 1440's-1640 Origin in Vietnam or unknown (see also Japan and Indonesia)
Dụ Dân group 裕民手 Local 1685-1735
Nguyên controlled region, local and private issues late 1600's - 1770's
Vĩnh Định group 永定手
Thin brass issues c.1690-1850, inscriptions imitate earlier dynasties Zhi Yuan shou 治元手, Wang Zhi Dao shou 網至道手, related and similar types.
"Excelling (tall) characters" / Chang zi group 長子手 Trade cash mint, South China or Vietnam c. 1525-90
Resembles Northern Song cash 疑似北宋類, origin uncertain
Small copies of Kanei Tsuho 寬永通寶
Vĩnh Lợi / Yong Li zinc-pewter group 永歷手
Notes
[edit]- ^ The coins from this part of the list and below are from Dr. R. Allan Barker (2004) while the coins above are from Edouard Toda (1882).
References
[edit]- ^ "Vietnam (Annam) Privately Minted Coins". Luke Roberts at the Department of History - University of California at Santa Barbara. 24 October 2003. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
- ^ Charms.ru Coincidences of Vietnam and China cash coins legends. Francis Ng, People's Republic of China, Thuan D. Luc, United States, and Vladimir A. Belyaev, Russia March-June, 1999 Retrieved: 17 June 2017.
- ^ Charms.ru WHO CAST THE AN PHAP NGUYEN BAO COIN? [1 .] Luc Duc Thuan Retrieved: 24 June 2017.
- ^ Lacroix Désiré. Numismatique Annamite - Publications de l'École Francaise d'Extrême-Orient, Saigon 1900