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User:Donald Trung/List of coin hoards in Vietnam

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[[File:Strings of cash coins in the National Museum of Vietnamese History, Hanoi (2018).jpg|thumb|right|A lump of ancient [[Vietnamese cash coins]] in the [[National Museum of Vietnamese History]], [[Hanoi]].]] The '''list of coin hoards in Vietnam''' comprises of significant [[Archaeology|archaeological]] [[hoard]]s of coins, other types of coinages (e.g. [[sycee]]s) or objects related to coins discovered in [[Vietnam]]. The [[history of Vietnamese currency]], independent from [[China]], dates back to the [[Đinh dynasty]] period with the [[Thái Bình Hưng Bảo]] (太平興寶), produced from 970 to 979. The Vietnamese produced [[Vietnamese cash|cash coins]] similar to the [[Cash (Chinese coin)|ones produced in China]] and circulated alongside Chinese, [[Japanese mon (currency)|Japanese]], [[Korean mun|Korean]], and [[Ryukyuan mon|Ryukyuan cash coins]] brought into the country through [[international trade]]. Cash coins continued to be produced in Vietnam [[Bảo Đại Thông Bảo|until the 1940s]] under the [[Nguyễn dynasty]]. Through international trade foreign currencies such as [[Spanish dollar]]s and [[Mexican real]]s were brought into the country by merchants and these coins would continue to circulate in Vietnam until the [[French Indochina|French colonial administration]] outlawed their usage on 1 January 1906 in favour of [[French Indochinese piastre|their own coinage]], while Vietnamese cash coins were permitted to continue circulating. Despite the presence of coinages [[barter]] persisted until the [[20th century]]. Following its [[Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam|declaration of independence]] in 1945 the [[North Vietnam|Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] started issuing [[North Vietnamese đồng|its own currency]] in 1946, while allowing cash coins to circulate until 1948. In 1952 the piastre was abolished and replaced with the [[South Vietnamese đồng]] in [[South Vietnam|the south]] in 1953. Following Vietnamese reunification in 1976 the North Vietnamese đồng and [[South Vietnamese đồng#Second đồng, 1975 to 1978|Liberation đồng]] would continue to circulate in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam until May 2, 1978, when they were replaced by a new [[Vietnamese đồng|national currency]]. The coins uncovered in Vietnam includes both native coinages as well as Chinese cash coins in large numbers as [[Occupation of Vietnam by China|Vietnam was a part of China]] as well as through [[China–Vietnam relations|historical trade with China]]. Vietnamese cash coins are also sometimes found in other countries because of trade, such as a [[Trần dynasty]] cash coin being unearthed in [[Hakodate]], [[Japan]].<ref name="Trần-Dynasty-cash-coin-in-Japan">{{cite web|url= https://japanarchaeology.wordpress.com/2011/05/24/hakodate-14th-century-tr%E1%BA%A7n-dynasty-vietnamese-coin-uncovered/|title= Hakodate – 14th century Trần Dynasty Vietnamese coin uncovered.|date=25 May 2011|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Joseph Ryan|publisher= Japanese Archaeology|language=en}}</ref> == Overview == In modern Vietnam the supply of undiscovered [[Vietnamese cash|cash coins]] is rapidly declining as large amounts of Vietnamese cash coins were excavated during the 1980s and 1990s, in Vietnam the excavation of antiques such as cash coins is an industry in itself and the cash coins are mostly being dug up by farmers. After the [[Vietnam War]] ended in 1975 a large number of [[metal detector]]s numbering in the many thousands were left behind in the former area of [[South Vietnam]] which helped fuel the rise of this industry. The antique bronze industry is mostly concentrated in small rural villages where farmers rent metal detectors to search their own lands for bronze antiques to then either sell as scrap or to dealers, these buyers purchase lumps of cash coins by either kilogramme or ton to then hire skilled people to search through these lumps of cash coins for sellable specimens, these coins are then sold to other dealers in Vietnam, China, and Japan. During the zenith of the coin recovery business in Vietnam the number of bulk coins found on a monthly basis was fifteen tons but only roughly fifteen kilogrammes of those coins were sellable and the rest of the coins would melted down as [[scrap metal]]. As better metal detectors that could search deeper more Vietnamese cash coins were discovered but in modern times the supply of previously undiscovered Vietnamese cash coins is quickly diminishing.<ref>Sudokuone (Vietnam's Imperial History as Seen Through its Currency) [http://vietnam.sudokuone.com/supply.htm The Supply of Vietnamese Coins] by Dr. R. Allan Barker. Retrieved: 03 April 2018.</ref>{{sfn|Barker|2004|p=10}} In modern times many Vietnamese cash coins are found in sunken [[shipwreck]]s which are mandated by Vietnamese law to be the property of the Vietnamese government as salvaged ships of which the owner was unknown belong to the state.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://m.thanhniennews.com/society/vietnam-salvager-says-ancient-coins-looted-from-shipwreck-33179.html|title= Vietnam salvager says ancient coins looted from shipwreck.|date=28 October 2014|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=[[Thanh Niên]] News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.upi.com/Shipwreck-off-Vietnam-yields-700-year-old-coins-and-ceramics/42671372806054/|title= Shipwreck off Vietnam yields 700-year-old coins and ceramics.|date=2 July 2013|accessdate=3 April 2018|work= United Press International, Inc. (UPI)|language=en}}</ref><ref name="VNExpress-Vung-Tau-2020">{{cite web|url= https://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel/places/relics-within-a-relic-in-vung-tau-4082381.html|title= Relics within a relic in Vung Tau.|date=9 April 2020|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Quynh Tran|publisher= [[VnExpress]] ([[FPT Group]])|language=en}}</ref> == List of coin hoards in Vietnam == {{Expand list|date=April 2020}} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%" !colspan=7 | List of coin hoards in Vietnam |- ! Date of discovery !! Place of discovery !! Image !! Content !! Long description of the find and notes !! Date<br>(if known) !! Current location<br>(if known) |- | 1942 || [[Óc Eo]], [[Thoại Sơn District]], [[An Giang Province]], [[French Cochinchina]] || || [[Roman currency|Roman coins]] from the 2nd century. || French archaeologist [[Louis Malleret]] is credited with having unearthed Roman imperial coinage at the [[Óc Eo]] archaeological in 1942.<ref name="Phnom-Penh-Post-Oc-Eo-Roman-Coins">{{cite web|url= https://m.phnompenhpost.com/post-weekend/romans-vs-khmers-they-came-they-saw-they-traded-or-did-they|title= Romans vs Khmers: They came, they saw, they traded... or did they?|date=04 July 2015|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Bennett Murray|publisher= [[The Phnom Penh Post]]|language=en}}</ref> The attribution of this find is dubious as some sources claim that Malleret had purchased them from the locals of the area rather than excavating the coins by himself.<ref name="Phnom-Penh-Post-Oc-Eo-Roman-Coins"/> || || |- | 1994 || [[Thái Nguyên]] || || A jar filled with [[Vietnamese cash|cash coins]]. || In the year 1994 a jar was discovered in [[Thái Nguyên]] which contained cash coins produced during [[12th century|12th]]–[[16th century|16th centuries]].<ref name="Nhan-Dan-News-First-Vietnamese-Money-Gallery">{{cite web|url= https://en.nhandan.com.vn/society/item/4231902-first-vietnamese-money-gallery-inaugurated.html|title= First Vietnamese money gallery inaugurated.|date=6 May 2016|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= VNA|publisher= [[Nhân Dân]] ([[Communist Party of Vietnam]])|language=en}}</ref> || || The [[State Bank of Vietnam]], [[Hanoi]]<ref name="Nhan-Dan-News-First-Vietnamese-Money-Gallery"/> |- | January 2007 || [[Perfume River]], [[Huế]], [[Thừa Thiên-Huế Province]] || || Various types of cash coins. || A large number of antique cash coins had been found in the rivers that are located near the former capital city of [[Huế]].<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Hue-River-2007">{{cite web|url= https://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2007/01/18/antique-coins-found-in-hue-rivers-vietnam/|title= Antique coins found in Hue rivers.|date=17 January 2007|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Vietnam Net Bridge|publisher= Southeast Asian Archaeology (SEAArch)|language=en}}</ref> The cash coins that have been found at these rivers include [[Tây Sơn dynasty]] Quang Trung Thông Bảo (光中通寶) and Cảnh Thịnh Thông Bảo (景盛通寶) cash coins, [[Nguyễn dynasty]] Gia Long Thông Bảo (嘉隆通寶) and Minh Mạng Thông Bảo (明命通寶) cash coins made of copper and zinc, as well as [[presentation coin]]s made from gold or silver.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Hue-River-2007"/> The discovery of many cash coins over the years has been used as evidence that the [[Thừa Thiên-Huế Province|Thừa Thiên-Huế]] region was a central hub for trade.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Hue-River-2007"/> || || |- | 5 July 2007 || [[Lệ Thủy District]], [[Quảng Bình Province]] || || 20 kilograms of Chinese [[Tang dynasty]] cash coins. || A [[scrap metal]] collector named Nguyen Duc Dung found a hoard of [[Tang dynasty]] cash coins, while digging in a rice field on July 5, 2007.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Tang-Dynasty-2007">{{cite web|url= https://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2007/07/09/cache-of-tang-dynasty-coins-unearthed-in-vietnam/|title= Cache of Tang Dynasty coins unearthed in Vietnam.|date=7 July 2007|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= [[Nhân Dân]] ([[Communist Party of Vietnam]])|publisher= Southeast Asian Archaeology (SEAArch)|language=en}}</ref> Tran Anh Tuan, an artefact expert and the director of the Quảng Bình Provincial Museum, noted that [[Kaiyuan Tongbao]] (開元通寶) cash coins circulated in Vietnam during this period as [[Third Chinese domination of Vietnam|Vietnam was a part of China at the time]].<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Tang-Dynasty-2007"/> Nguyen Duc Dung was able to sell the cash coins for [[Vietnamese đồng|₫]] 200,000 ([[United States dollar|US$]] 12.50) per kilogram, which had a total value ₫ 4,000,00 (US$ 250).<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Tang-Dynasty-2007"/> || || |- | 11 July 2007 || [[Hàm Ninh, Quảng Bình|Hàm Ninh]] commune, [[Quảng Ninh District]], [[Quảng Bình Province]] || || Chinese [[Tang dynasty]] cash coins. || On July 11, 2007 three [[Waste collector|refuse collectors]] had unearthed five jars, which contained 30 kilograms of Tang dynasty period [[Kaiyuan Tongbao]] (開元通寶) cash coins in the [[Hàm Ninh, Quảng Bình|Hàm Ninh]] commune, [[Quảng Ninh District]], [[Quảng Bình Province]].<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-more-cash-coins-2007">{{cite web|url= https://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2007/07/16/more-vietnamese-coins-in-the-news/|title= More Vietnamese coins in the news.|date=14 July 2007|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= [[Thanh Niên]] News|publisher= Southeast Asian Archaeology (SEAArch)|language=en}}</ref> || || |- | September 2007 || [[Hải Quy]] commune, [[Hải Lăng District]], [[Quảng Trị province]] || || 100 kilogrammes of Chinese cash coins. || According to Le Duc Tho, the deputy director of the Quảng Trị Museum noted that a jar containing cash coins weighing approximately 100 kilograms was unearthed by local farmers while they were working in [[Hải Quy]] commune, [[Hải Lăng District]], [[Quảng Trị province]].<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Hai-Quy-Hai-Long-Quang-Tri-2007">{{cite web|url= https://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2007/09/10/100kg-of-ancient-chinese-coins-unearthed-in-vietnam/|title= 100kg of ancient Chinese coins unearthed in Vietnam.|date=7 September 2007|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=Noel Tan for the Southeast Asian Archeology Newsblog (through [[Thanh Niên]] News)|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Kaogu-Quang-Tri-2007-A">{{cite web|url= http://kaogu.cssn.cn/ywb/international_exchange/co_operation_projects/200711/t20071114_3911867.shtml|title= Ancient Chinese coins unearthed in C Vietnam.|date=14 November 2007|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Credited as "[[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua News]] NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref> All the artifacts from the hoard are intact except for the upper part of the jar, which was broken upon discovery.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Hai-Quy-Hai-Long-Quang-Tri-2007"/><ref name="Kaogu-Quang-Tri-2007-A"/> The Chinese cash coins found inside of the jar dated from the 16th century to the 18th century.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Hai-Quy-Hai-Long-Quang-Tri-2007"/><ref name="Kaogu-Quang-Tri-2007-A"/> Le Duc Tho noted that in the past few years a lot of Chinese and Vietnamese cash coins had been unearthed in the Quảng Trị province, particularly in the [[Gio Linh District|Gio Ling]] and [[Triệu Phong District]]s, but this hoard was the first time this type of jar had been found (nearly) intact.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Hai-Quy-Hai-Long-Quang-Tri-2007"/><ref name="Kaogu-Quang-Tri-2007-A"/> || || The [[Quảng Trị Museum]]<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Hai-Quy-Hai-Long-Quang-Tri-2007"/> |- | November 2007 || [[Hà Tây village]], [[Quảng Trị province]] || || 35 kilogrammes of Vietnamese cash coins. || It was reported by the local newspaper [[Saigon Liberation]] that 35 kilogrammes of Vietnamese cash coins were unearthed in the [[Quảng Trị province|province of Quảng Trị]] in the year 2007.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Quang-Tri-2007">{{cite web|url= https://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2007/11/12/34kg-of-ancient-coins-unearthed-in-vietnam/ |title= 34kg of ancient coins unearthed in Vietnam.|date=9 November 2007|accessdate=3 April 2018|work= Noel Tan for the Southeast Asian Archeology Newsblog (through Vietnam Net Bridge)|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Kaogu-Quang-Tri-2007-B">{{cite web|url= http://kaogu.cssn.cn/ywb/international_exchange/academic_activities_conferences/200709/t20070908_3911657.shtml|title= Chinese ancient coins found in central Vietnam.|date=8 September 2007|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Credited as "www.chinaview.cn NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref> The discovered cash coins dated from the [[9th century]] until the [[15th century]].<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Quang-Tri-2007"/> The cash coins were unearthed by a local villager, who was scavenging for rubble iron and steel left from the [[Vietnam war]], in [[Hà Tây village]].<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Quang-Tri-2007"/> Later a man named Nguyen Du Dac purchased the coins and donated them to the Quảng Trị museum.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Quang-Tri-2007"/> The cash coins unearthed were contained inside of a glazed [[terracotta]] jar and most of them tend to come from several of Chinese dynasties.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Quang-Tri-2007"/> Furthermore, the terracotta jar also contained a number of rare Vietnamese cash coins that were cast between the years 960 and 1454.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Quang-Tri-2007"/> || 15th century || The [[Quảng Trị Museum]]<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Quang-Tri-2007"/> |- | 2008 || [[Kiến Thụy District]], [[Haiphong]] || || 52.9 kilogrammes of Chinese and Vietnamese cash coins. || 52.9 kilogrammes of Chinese and Vietnamese cash coins being unearthed in a cemetery in [[Haiphong]] in 2008.<ref name="US-Rare-Coin-Investments-Haiphong-2008">{{cite web|url= http://www.usrarecoininvestments.com/coin_articles/ancient_vietnamese_coins.htm|title= Vietnam Unearths Ancient Vietnamese, Chinese Coins.|date=13 August 2008|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=U.S. Rare Coin Investments|language=en}}</ref> The cash coins were discovered by workers and located inside of two glazed terra-cotta jars at the archeological site of Go Gao, an area which housed a food warehouse during the feudal period.<ref name="US-Rare-Coin-Investments-Haiphong-2008"/> The discovered cash coins circulated from the 14th century to the 15th century.<ref name="US-Rare-Coin-Investments-Haiphong-2008"/> Most of the cash coins were issued by the Chinese [[Zhu Yuanzhang|Hongwu Emperor]] and the Vietnamese monarch [[Lê Nhân Tông]], according to an appraisal from the Hải Phòng Museum.<ref name="US-Rare-Coin-Investments-Haiphong-2008"/> || 15th century || The [[Hải Phòng Museum]]<ref name="US-Rare-Coin-Investments-Haiphong-2008"/> |- | September 2010 || The tomb of [[Thoại Ngọc Hầu]], [[Châu Đốc]] || || A Thái Đức Thông Bảo (泰德通寶) cash coin. || A [[Tây Sơn dynasty]] cash coin issued under [[Nguyễn Nhạc]] was found inside of the tomb of [[Thoại Ngọc Hầu]] and his two wives.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Coin-Hoard-Ho-Citadel">{{cite web|url= http://m.thanhniennews.com/arts-culture/archaeologists-digs-in-vietnam-unearth-surprising-artifacts-conference-21900.html|title= Archaeologists digs in Vietnam unearth 'surprising' artifacts: conference.|date=30 September 2011|accessdate=16 April 2020|work= [[Thanh Niên]] News|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Việt-Nam-News-Tay-Son-cash-coin">{{cite web|url= https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/216072/tay-son-dynasty-coin-unearthed.html|title= Tay Son dynasty coin unearthed.|date=1 October 2011|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= VNS|publisher= Việt Nam News|language=en}}</ref> This discovery is considered significant because Thoại Ngọc Hầu was a high-ranking [[Nguyễn dynasty]] official and as [[Tây Sơn dynasty coinage]] was banned from circulating by the Nguyễn government.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Coin-Hoard-Ho-Citadel"/> || 1829 || |- | Saturday 4 September 2010 || [[Quốc Tuấn]] commune, [[An Lão District, Haiphong|An Lão District]], [[Haiphong]] || || 24 kilograms of cash coins including [[Cảnh Hưng coinage]] (景興錢), Gia Long Thông Bảo (嘉隆通寶) cash coins, [[Kangxi Tongbao|Khang Hi Thông Bảo]] (康熙通寶) and [[Qianlong Tongbao|Càn Long Thông Bảo]] (乾隆通寶) cash coins. || On Saturday 4 September 2010 while working on his pond Nguyen Van Bay found a terracotta jar with sophisticated patterns in [[Haiphong]].<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Coin-Hoard-Hai-Phong-2010-B">{{cite web|url= http://m.thanhniennews.com/arts-culture/farmer-unearths-jar-of-ancient-coins-22752.html|title= Farmer unearths jar of ancient coins.|date=9 December 2010|accessdate=16 April 2020|work= [[Thanh Niên]] News|language=en}}</ref> The jar contained 24 kilograms of Chinese and Vietnamese cash coins issued by various dynasties.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Coin-Hoard-Hai-Phong-2010-B"/> As the cash coins were buried in mud for a long time many of them were corroded together.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Coin-Hoard-Hai-Phong-2010-B"/> Trung, the vice-director of the [[Haiphong City Museum]] stated that Bay's family was rewarded by the museum for handing over their to the museum.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Coin-Hoard-Hai-Phong-2010-A">{{cite web|url= http://m.thanhniennews.com/arts-culture/18th-century-coins-found-in-northern-vietnam-22768.html|title= 18th century coins found in northern Vietnam.|date=10 December 2010|accessdate=16 April 2020|work= [[Thanh Niên]] News|language=en}}</ref> Trung further noted that while the Haiphong City Museum owns a vast collection of ancient coins, it has no archaeologists in its staff and that the fate of the coins was likely that they would collect dust like all the others in their collection.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Coin-Hoard-Hai-Phong-2010-A"/> || 19th century || The [[Hải Phòng Museum]]<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Coin-Hoard-Hai-Phong-2010-A"/> |- | 2012 || [[Quảng Thuận]] commune, [[Quảng Trạch District]], [[Quảng Bình Province]]{{Efn|Present-day Quảng Thuận commune, [[Ba Đồn]], Quảng Bình Province.}} || || 10.5 kilogrammes of the antique bronze cash coins. || A jar filled with bronze cash coins was uncovered by a local resident when he was digging a well for his house in [[Quảng Trạch District]], [[Quảng Bình Province]].<ref name="Nhan-Dan-News-Quang-Binh">{{cite web|url= https://en.nhandan.com.vn/culture/lifestyle/item/1561602-.html|title= Ancient coins unearthed in Quang Binh province.|date=20 August 2012|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= VNA|publisher= [[Nhân Dân]] ([[Communist Party of Vietnam]])|language=en}}</ref> The cash coins were produced by the Chinese [[Northern Song dynasty]] and date back to the 10th to 13th centuries.<ref name="Nhan-Dan-News-Quang-Binh"/> The coins generally are 23 centimetres in diameter.<ref name="Nhan-Dan-News-Quang-Binh"/> || || The [[Quảng Bình Museum]]<ref name="Nhan-Dan-News-Quang-Binh"/> |- | July or August 2013 || A shipwreck in the coastal waters of [[Quảng Nam Province]] || || 10 copper cash coins || A small number of copper coins were discovered inside of a shipwreck by a 39 year old [[Diving|diver]] named Dinh Tan Tau alongside a large number of ceramic boxes used to contain cosmetic powders.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Coin-Hoard-Hai-Phong-2010-A">{{cite web|url= http://m.thanhniennews.com/arts-culture/18th-century-coins-found-in-northern-vietnam-22768.html|title= 18th century coins found in northern Vietnam.|date=10 December 2010|accessdate=16 April 2020|work= [[Thanh Niên]] News|language=en}}</ref> || || |- | 29 December 2013 || [[Vinh]], [[Nghệ An Province]] || || 10 kilograms of cash coins. || According to a report by the [[Tuổi Trẻ]] newspaper, a 36 year old man named Nguyen Quang Tung had discovered a clay jar located 1.2 meters under the ground while he was gardening.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Nghe-An-2014">{{cite web|url= http://m.thanhniennews.com/society/vietnamese-man-finds-1000yearold-coins-buried-in-garden-201.html|title= Vietnamese man finds 1,000-year-old coins buried in garden.|date=1 January 2014|accessdate=16 April 2020|work= [[Thanh Niên]] News|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tuoi-Tre-News-Nghia-Dan-District">{{cite web|url= https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/lifestyle/20140106/antique-stone-table-set-coins-unearthed-in-central-province/31463.html|title= Antique stone table set, coins unearthed in central province.|date=6 January 2014|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Unlisted|publisher= Tuổi Trẻ News|language=en}}</ref> The clay jar contained 10 kilograms of cash coins, the coins tend to be 2.4 centimeters in diameter.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Nghe-An-2014"/> According to Dao Tam Tinh, director of the [[Nghệ An Library]] and an antique researcher, noted that most of the cash coins were produced by the Chinese [[Song dynasty]] between the years 960 and 1279.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Nghe-An-2014"/> According to Nguyen Quang Tung the area where he lived belonged to rich landlords in [[History of Vietnam|feudal Vietnam]] and might have been buried there to hide them.<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Nghe-An-2014"/> Nguyen Quang Tung further noted that his discovery had attracted a lot of curiosity and that a number of antique collectors had offered [[Vietnamese đồng|₫]]10,000,000 ([[United States dollar|US$]]476).<ref name="Thanh-Nien-News-Nghe-An-2014"/> || || |- | 4 October 2014 || [[Hà Tĩnh Province]] || || 22kg of Vietnamese and Chinese ancient metal cash coins and a [[revival Lê dynasty]] period pottery bowl wearing [[Chinese characters]]. || On October 4 2014 a man named Dang Van Sinh noticed a number of strangers digging in his garden at night, suspecting them of being thieves he alerted them to his presence which caused the thieves to run the scene leaving behind the cash coins.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Ha-Tinh-2014">{{cite web|url= https://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2014/10/20/treasure-trove-of-coins-found-in-ha-tinh-province/|title= Treasure trove of coins found in Ha Tinh province.|date=11 October 2014|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= [[Thanh Niên]] News|publisher= Southeast Asian Archaeology (SEAArch)|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Thanh-Niên-News-Ha-Tinh-2014">{{cite web|url= http://m.thanhniennews.com/entertainment/vietnamese-chinese-ancient-coins-dug-up-in-ha-tinh-32452.html|title= Vietnamese, Chinese ancient coins dug up in Ha Tinh.|date=11 October 2014|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Nguyen Dung|publisher= [[Thanh Niên]] News|language=en}}</ref> The coins were originally located inside of five different terra-cotta jars which had been buried underground, and of which a single one was broken.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Ha-Tinh-2014"/><ref name="Thanh-Niên-News-Ha-Tinh-2014"/> The next Thursday, Dang Van Sinh had called the [[Hà Tĩnh Museum]], who reportedly sent a number of experts to the site to collect the cash coins.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Ha-Tinh-2014"/><ref name="Thanh-Niên-News-Ha-Tinh-2014"/> Le Ba Hanh, the vice director of the Hà Tĩnh Museum, noted that the recovered cash coins mostly dated to the [[Revival Lê dynasty]] period and were mostly produced between the years 1740 and 1786, while the numismatic hoard also included a number Chinese [[Song dynasty]] period cash coins that dated to 1085.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Ha-Tinh-2014"/><ref name="Thanh-Niên-News-Ha-Tinh-2014"/> The Vietnamese cash coins from the hoard are bigger and heavier than the Chinese specimens.<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Ha-Tinh-2014"/><ref name="Thanh-Niên-News-Ha-Tinh-2014"/> || || The [[Hà Tĩnh Museum]]<ref name="Southeast-Asian-Archaeology-Ha-Tinh-2014"/><ref name="Thanh-Niên-News-Ha-Tinh-2014"/> |- | 22 May 2015 || [[Tri Lanh village]], [[Hà Nam Province]] || || 50 kilograms of cash coins. || While digging the foundation for a [[water tank]] a 39 year old villager, named Luong Manh Hai, found 50 kilograms of cash coins in the [[Hà Nam Province|province of Hà Nam]] inside of a terracotta jar on 22 May 2015.<ref name="Viet-Nam-Net-Ha-Nam-2015">{{cite web|url= http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/society/131893/50kg-of-old-coins-unearthed-in-ha-nam.html|title=50kg of old coins unearthed in Ha Nam - VietNamNet Bridge – Luong Manh Hai, 39, of Tri Lanh village in Ha Nam province discovered 50 kg while digging a foundation for a water tank.|date=29 May 2015|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=Thu Ly for VietnamNet|language=en}}</ref> Most of the cash coins are 2.4 centimeters in diameter and 0.1 centimeter thick.<ref name="Viet-Nam-Net-Ha-Nam-2015"/> || || |- | 8 November 2015 || [[Cam Thủy, Quảng Bình|Cam Thủy]], [[Lệ Thủy District]], [[Quảng Bình Province]] || || Two [[Nguyễn dynasty]] period [[presentation coin]]s. || The presentation coins were discovered by a man named Ngo Thanh Anh while he was gardening on his own premises in the [[Cam Thủy, Quảng Bình|Cam Thủy commune]], [[Lệ Thủy District]], [[Quảng Bình Province]].<ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Presentation-Coins-2015">{{cite web|url= https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/279256/two-nguyen-dynasty-coins-discovered-in-quang-binh.html|title= Two Nguyen dynasty coins discovered in Quang Binh.|date=1 December 2015|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= VNS|publisher= Vietnam News (The National English Language Daily)|language=en}}</ref> Presentation coins were gifted to people by the Emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty to those who had made great contributions to the imperial court, and unlike actual cash coins could not be used to purchase [[goods and services]].<ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Presentation-Coins-2015"/> Both presentation coins are 12 centimetres in diameter, have a thickness of 0.5 centimetres, and all have a square centre hole.<ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Presentation-Coins-2015"/> One of the presentation coins was issued under [[Gia Long]] and the other under [[Minh Mạng]].<ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Presentation-Coins-2015"/> One of the presentation coins depicts a [[Vietnamese dragon|dragon]] chasing the sun, while the other featured an image of the [[Meridian Gate (Huế)| Meridian Gate]] in the [[Imperial City of Huế]] and the inscription "Đại Nam's precious national object" written in [[Chinese characters]].<ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Presentation-Coins-2015"/> || [[Nguyễn dynasty]] period || The [[Provincial Museum of Quảng Bình]]<ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Presentation-Coins-2015"/> |- | 2018 || [[Cẩm Xuyên District|Cẩm Xuyên]] and [[Kỳ Anh District]]s, [[Hà Tĩnh Province]] || || A small number of [[Nagasaki trade coins]]. || A number of [[Nagasaki trade coins]] in the [[Hà Tĩnh Province|province of Hà Tĩnh]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://en.vietnamplus.vn/ancient-japanese-coins-found-in-central-province/127844.vnp|title= Ancient Japanese coins found in central province.|date=14 March 2018|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=VietnamPlus (Sports – Society section)|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Nagasaki-Trade-Coins-2018">{{cite web|url= http://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/424292/ancient-japanese-coins-found-in-ha-tinh.html|title= Ancient Japanese coins found in Hà Tĩnh.|date=14 March 2018|accessdate=3 April 2018|work=Viet Nam News (Life & Style section)|language=en}}</ref> The cash coins have a diameter of about 24 millimeters and each coin had a 7 millimeter square centre hole.<ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Nagasaki-Trade-Coins-2018"/> This find is notably this is the first time that ancient Japanese cash coins have been found in Hà Tĩnh Province.<ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Nagasaki-Trade-Coins-2018"/> || || The [[Hà Tĩnh Museum]]<ref name="Viet-Nam-News-Nagasaki-Trade-Coins-2018"/> |- | July 2019 || [[Yên Bái Province]] || || 100 kg of cash coins. || It was reported by the Vietnam News Agency on July 28, 2019 local police had arrested a motorcyclist during a traffic stop who had 100 kilograms (200 pounds).<ref name="Archaeology-World-Yen-Bai-2019">{{cite web|url= https://archaeology-world.com/over-100kg-of-ancient-coins-discovered-in-yen-bai/|title= Over 100kg of ancient coins discovered in Yen Bai.|date=28 July 2019|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= World Archaeology Team|publisher= Archaeology-World|language=en}}</ref> The cash coins were recently unearthed in the [[Yên Bái Province]] and were purchased by the motor cyclist.<ref name="Archaeology-World-Yen-Bai-2019"/> The numismatic hoard included cash coins issued under [[Emperor Wu of Han]] in 118 B.C., as well as cash coins produced from the 7th century until the 13th century A.D.<ref name="Archaeology-World-Yen-Bai-2019"/> || || |} == See also == * [[List of coin hoards in China]] == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} {{Treasure}} [[:Category:Archaeology-related lists]] [[:Category:Treasure troves of Vietnam]] [[:Category:Lists of hoards]] .

Standard reference templates

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May 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= May 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= May 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref> No longer needed as I've imported THE ENTIRE WEBSITE, except for ancient Chinese piggy banks.
  • <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate=May 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>
April 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= April 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= April 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Kaogu">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate=April 2020|author= Credited as "NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>
March 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= March 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= March 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
February 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= February 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= February 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
January 2020.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= January 2020|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
December 2019.
  • <ref name="">{{cite web|url= |title= .|date=|accessdate= December 2019|author= |publisher= |language=en}}</ref>
  • <ref name="Primaltrek">{{cite web|url= |title=.|date=16 November 2016|accessdate= December 2019|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>

To use

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  • <ref name="HoreshQing">{{cite web|url= https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-981-10-0622-7_54-1|title= The Monetary System of China under the Qing Dynasty.|date=28 September 2018|accessdate=29 July 2019|author= [[Niv Horesh]]|publisher= [[Springer Nature|Springer Link]]|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="HoreshQing"/>
  • <ref name="PrimalQing">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#qing_dynasty_coins|title= Chinese coins – 中國錢幣 - Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasty (1644-1911)|date=16 November 2016|accessdate=30 June 2017|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimalQing"/>
  • <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfQingDynastyCoins">{{cite web|url= http://primaltrek.com/blog/2013/01/08/the-king-of-qing-dynasty-coins/|title=The King of Qing Dynasty Coins.|date=8 January 2013|accessdate=8 January 2020|work= Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="PrimaltrekKingOfQingDynastyCoins"/>
  • <ref name="CambridgeInflation">{{cite web|url= https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/hsienfeng-inflation/54A8F1ADDC871CC18F4DCFA828730DEB|title= The Hsien-Fêng Inflation (Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009).|date=October 1958|accessdate=28 July 2019|author= Jerome Ch'ên|publisher= [[SOAS University of London]]|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="CambridgeInflation"/>
  • <ref name="Brill2015">[https://www.academia.edu/28400259/_Silver_Copper_Rice_and_Debt_Monetary_Policy_and_Office_Selling_in_China_during_the_Taiping_Rebellion_in_Money_in_Asia_1200_1900_Small_Currencies_in_Social_and_Political_Contexts_ed._by_Jane_Kate_Leonard_and_Ulrich_Theobald_Leiden_Brill_2015_343-395 “Silver, Copper, Rice, and Debt: Monetary Policy and Office Selling in China during the Taiping Rebellion,” in Money in Asia (1200–1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts, ed.] by Jane Kate Leonard and Ulrich Theobald, [[Leiden]]: Brill, 2015, 343-395.</ref>
    • <ref name="Brill2015"/>
  • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsDebinMa">{{cite web|url= http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/41940/1/WP159.pdf|title= Money and Monetary System in China in the 19th-20th Century: An Overview. (Working Papers No. 159/12)|date=January 2012|accessdate=26 January 2020|author= Debin Ma|publisher= Department of Economic History, [[London School of Economics]]|language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsDebinMa"/>
  • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan">{{cite web|url= http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3307/1/Yan_In_Search_of_Power.pdf|title= In Search of Power and Credibility - Essays on Chinese Monetary History (1851-1845).|date=March 2015|accessdate=8 February 2020|author= Xun Yan|publisher= Department of Economic History, [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics and Political Science]]||language=en}}</ref>
    • <ref name="LondonSchoolOfEconomicsXunYan"/>B

More sources to use

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  • http://kaogu.cssn.cn/ywb/international_exchange/co_operation_projects/200711/t20071114_3911867.shtml
    • <ref name="Kaogu-Quang-Tri-2007-A">{{cite web|url= http://kaogu.cssn.cn/ywb/international_exchange/co_operation_projects/200711/t20071114_3911867.shtml|title= Ancient Chinese coins unearthed in C Vietnam.|date=14 November 2007|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Credited as "[[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua News]] NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>
  • http://kaogu.cssn.cn/ywb/international_exchange/academic_activities_conferences/200709/t20070908_3911657.shtml
    • <ref name="Kaogu-Quang-Tri-2007-B">{{cite web|url= http://kaogu.cssn.cn/ywb/international_exchange/academic_activities_conferences/200709/t20070908_3911657.shtml|title= Chinese ancient coins found in central Vietnam.|date=8 September 2007|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= Credited as "www.chinaview.cn NetWriter".|publisher= [[Kaogu]] (考古) - [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]], [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]] (中国社会科学院考古研究所)|language=en}}</ref>

Southeast Asian Archaeology (Searches)

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Tags

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More searches

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Southeast Asian Archaeology (Sources)

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Nhân Dân (人民)

[edit]
  • https://en.nhandan.com.vn/culture/lifestyle/item/1561602-.html
    • <ref name="Nhan-Dan-News-Quang-Binh">{{cite web|url= https://en.nhandan.com.vn/culture/lifestyle/item/1561602-.html|title= Ancient coins unearthed in Quang Binh province.|date=20 August 2012|accessdate=16 April 2020|author= VNA|publisher= [[Nhân Dân]] ([[Communist Party of Vietnam]])|language=en}}</ref>

Thanh Niên News

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Viet Nam News

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Howard A. Daniel, III

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  • Howard A. Daniel, III - The Catalog and Guidebook of Southeast Asian Coins and Currency, Volume I, France (3rd Edition). Published: 10 April 2018. ISBN 1879951045.

Eduardo Toda y Güell

[edit]
  • <ref name="Toda-">{{cite web|url= |title= Annam and its Minor Currency - Chapter .|date=1882|accessdate=17 April 2020|author= [[Eduardo Toda y Güell]]|publisher= Art-Hanoi|language=en}}</ref>

Redirects

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  • #REDIRECT [[List of coin hoards in Vietnam]]
  1. List of numismatic hoards in Vietnam.
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