User:DevenVennera/Christian art

Legel, Tracy Marie. 2006. "The Introduction of Christianity into Scandinavia, Iceland, and Finland."

hÉailidhe, P. Ó (1957). "The Rathdown Slabs". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.

Berg, Fredrik. 2018. “Wear and Tear of World Heritage: Preventive Conservation and Tourism in Norway’s Stave Churches.” Studies in Conservation

Nyborg, Ebbe; Arneborg, Jette (2020). "Christian Medieval Art in Norse Greenland : Crosses and Crucifixes and their European Antecedents"

Frz. Theod. "The cathedral of Cologne, its history, architecture...legends. A guide for visitors, compiled from historical and descriptive records..."

Marcos Cobaleda, María. 2022. "Artistic Transfers from Islamic to Christian Art: A Study with Geographic Information Systems (GIS)"

Brock, Sebastian P. “Identity Puzzles. Medieval Christian Art in Syria and Lebanon. By M. Immerzeel.

Failure to include Viking Christian art.

Stave Church Wall Carving

While the Byzantine Empire continued to focus on the creation of Christian art, in Denmark and Norway, the Vikings would see a surge of Christianity. Christianity spread to the Vikings through pillaging, missionaries, political pressure, and trading with other peoples of Europe. Rune stones with Christian imagery were used as grave markings, promotion, or a demonstration of faith. King Harold Bluetooth's rune stone, also known as The Great Jelling Rune Stone, is credited with marking the shift to Christianity in the Viking Era. Gravestones would also display prominent Christian imagery. The Rathdown Stones are the most well-known of these Viking gravestones: granite stones with tablet or cross-like designs mixed with traditional Viking styling. Driftwood crosses have been found around other churches and graveyards.

Named for their strong foundational pillars, Stave Churches were another popular display of Christian Viking art. These churches displayed engravings of Christian and Nordic beliefs, with animal-like depictions appearing on walls and entrances. The cross is also a prominent image in Christian Viking imagery. Vikings would be marked with a cross as a sign that they had been baptized abroad or during a venture. Viking Nordic myths and symbolism can be seen engraved into stone and wooden crosses. German and English influence can be found in some distinct examples of these crosses, with choices to use Doric capital ends, believed to have spread throughout Scandinavia in the 12th and 13th century.

Wood and carvings are also used in Germanic Christian art. Depictions of crosses and relations to the Crucifixion. The Cologne Cathedral is a church located in Cologne, Germany, resting upon ruins of buildings from the Romantic and Frankish periods. Although the structure would begin construction in 1248 under archbishop Conrad von Hostaden, the monument would not be completed until the 1880s.

Cologne Cathedral in 2022

In the late Medieval period, the East made steps in Christian art. In the Mediterranean area, there was a shift from Islamic to Christian art. With 86 examples of muqarnaṣ displayed around the Mediterranean, with the majority (78) being displayed in Christian kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula. This is explained through the increased political power associated with muqarnas, being placed in important buildings such as chapels. Recently discovered in Syria and Egypt, other examples of medieval Christian art have been explored, such as the Mar Musa Monastery with different examples of medieval Christian art, like wall paintings. Because of the nature of traveling painters and artists, these paintings often had Greek lettering and script

Gallery

Middle Age Christian Art

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  Borgund Stave Church in Lærdalen, 2013
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  The interior of the Hopperstad Stave Church Replica
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  Cologne Cathedral Aerial View
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  Carving detail of the north portal of the 12th-century Urnes stave church.
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  Mosaic icon with the Virgin of Tenderness at the Byzantine and Christian Museum, 2019
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  Example of Muqarnas
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  Cross on a Viking necklace (Sweden)
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  Kulturhistorisk Museum, Oslo, Norway. Stave Church Portal
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  Wrocław Epitaph of Katharina Lindner
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  Viking Christ pendant

Example 1

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Gallery

Intro

Eastern European

Reformation and the Visual Arts : The Protestant Image Question in Western and Eastern Europe

Gravestones

Ruin Stones

- also known as Jelling Stones, contained depictions of biblical scenes

- in the 10th century, King Harold Bluetooth's rune stone engravings marked the gradual shift to Christianity in the Viking Era.

Crosses

- were used to demonstrate Christian Beliefs, carvers drew pagan images in an attempt to convey Christian beliefs

- traveling Vikings would also be marked with a cross if they were baptized abroad

How did the Vikings find Christianity?

- trade networks lead to it becoming common knowledge amongst Viking villages

Churches

- Stave Churches were popular throughout the Viking Era. Crafted from wood with engravings and artwork scattered throughout the walls and entrances. These carvings depicted both Christian images and Viking imagery.

- many were forced to be abandoned due to the reformation and the Black Death

Peer suggestions

I think these contributions would be very helpful in improving the article. I would say find some pictures to add to allow the readers to see the different examples of viking christian art and also allow them to see the difference from that and other civilizations.

Your sources all look good and reliable, could add more to "How did the Vikings find Christianity" and "Ruin stones".

Also, maybe organize them with "How did the Vikings find Christianity" first then sections with the different examples of viking christian art.

This is a class S article with plenty of room for improvement. I like the outlined changes with citations, and I think your contribution idea is good since there was no information about vikings in the original article. I would suggest more fleshed out lead with more background information, though I can tell it is not yet finished. You can also include images of the different pieces of art you have planned to discuss to give the reader a better picture. I think your ideas are a good start, and it will be better once you expand on the outline.