User:Dank/List of inventoried hardwoods in the United States

Native ash species, including the white ash (pictured), have been declining rapidly this century due to predation by the emerald ash borer.

Silvics of North America (1991), a forest inventory compiled and published by the United States Forest Service, includes many hardwood trees. It superseded Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States (1965), which was the first extensive American tree inventory. A variety of statistics on all of these trees are maintained by the National Plant Data Team of the US Department of Agriculture.

Hardwood from North American trees has a variety of commercial uses, including in furniture, carpentry, tools and musical instruments. Some timber is used for plywood, wood veneer and construction framing, including structural support beams and studs. Milled logs can be fashioned into posts and poles. Less sturdy timber is often ground and processed into pulpwood, principally for papermaking. Resins from sap yield wood tar, turpentine or other terpenes. Some resins and other tree products contain dangerous toxins (not generally listed below).

Key

West of the Mississippi River: AK Alaska AR Arkansas AZ Arizona CA California CO Colorado HI Hawaii IA Iowa ID Idaho KS Kansas LA Louisiana MN Minnesota MO Missouri MT Montana ND North Dakota NE Nebraska NM New Mexico NV Nevada OK Oklahoma OR Oregon SD South Dakota TX Texas UT Utah WA Washington WY Wyoming

These are often divided up into:

The Western United States: AK AZ CA CO HI ID MT NM NV OR UT WA WY

The South Central states: AR LA OK TX

The Midwestern states west of the Mississippi (including MN, which is mostly west of the river), also called the western Midwest: IA KS MN MO ND NE SD

East of the Mississippi: AL Alabama CT Connecticut DE Delaware FL Florida GA Georgia IL Illinois IN Indiana KY Kentucky MA Massachusetts MD Maryland ME Maine MI Michigan MS Mississippi NC North Carolina NH New Hampshire NJ New Jersey NY New York OH Ohio PA Pennsylvania RI Rhode Island TN Tennessee VA Virginia VT Vermont WI Wisconsin WV West Virginia

These are often divided up into:

New England: CT MA ME NH RI VT

The Mid-Atlantic: DE MD NJ NY PA VA WV

The Southeast: AL FL GA KY MS NC SC TN

The Midwestern states east of the Mississippi, also called the eastern Midwest: IL IN MI OH WI

Hardwoods

Hardwoods

Species and a common name	Notes and commercial uses	Temp	Eastern distribution western distribution	Avg height; growth rate, annual precipitation and low temperature	Tolerance: (D)rought (F)ire, (L)iming and (S)hade	Landscapes, bark and foliage
Acacia koa (koa)
Acer floridanum (southern sugar maple)
Acer macrophyllum (bigleaf maple)
Acer negundo (boxelder)
Acer nigrum (black maple)
Acer pensylvanicum (striped maple)
Acer rubrum (red maple)
Acer saccharinum (silver maple)
Acer saccharum (sugar maple)
Aesculus flava (yellow buckeye)
Aesculus glabra (Ohio buckeye)
Alnus rubra (red alder)
Arbutus menziesii (Pacific madrone)
Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch)
Betula lenta (sweet birch)
Betula nigra (river birch)
Betula papyrifera (paper birch)
Carpinus caroliniana (American hornbeam)
Carya aquatica (water hickory)
Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory)
Carya glabra (pignut hickory)
Carya illinoinensis (pecan)
Carya laciniosa (shellbark hickory)
Carya myristiciformis (nutmeg hickory)
Carya ovata (shagbark hickory)
Carya tomentosa (mockernut hickory)
Celtis laevigata (sugarberry)
Celtis occidentalis (common hackberry)
Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud)
Chrysolepis chrysophylla (giant chinquapin)
Cornus florida (flowering dogwood)
Diospyros virginiana (common persimmon)
Fagus grandifolia (American beech)
Fraxinus americana (white ash)
Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon ash)
Fraxinus nigra (black ash)
Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash)
Fraxinus profunda (pumpkin ash)
Gleditsia triacanthos (honeylocust)
Gordonia lasianthus (loblolly bay)
Halesia carolina (Carolina silverbell)
Ilex opaca (American holly)
Juglans cinerea (butternut)
Juglans nigra (black walnut)
Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum)
Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree)
Maclura pomifera (osage orange)
Magnolia acuminata (cucumber tree)
Magnolia fraseri (mountain magnolia)
Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia)
Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay)
Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia lehua)
Morus rubra (red mulberry)
Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo)
Nyssa ogeche (Ogeechee tupelo)
Nyssa sylvatica (blackgum)
Ostrya virginiana (hophornbeam)
Oxydendrum arboreum (sourwood)
Persea borbonia (redbay)
Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore)
Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar)
Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood)
Populus grandidentata (bigtooth aspen)
Populus heterophylla (swamp cottonwood)
Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen)
Prunus pensylvanica (pin cherry)
Prunus serotina (black cherry)
Quercus alba (white oak)
Quercus bicolor (swamp white oak)
Quercus chrysolepis (canyon live oak)
Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak)
Quercus douglasii (blue oak)
Quercus falcata (southern red oak)
Quercus garryana (Oregon white oak)
Quercus kelloggii (California black oak)
Quercus laevis (turkey oak)
Quercus laurifolia (laurel oak)
Quercus lyrata (overcup oak)
Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak)
Quercus michauxii (swamp chestnut oak)
Quercus muehlenbergii (chinquapin oak)
Quercus nigra (water oak)
Quercus palustris (pin oak)
Quercus phellos (willow oak)
Quercus rubra (northern red oak)
Quercus shumardii (Shumard)
Quercus stellata (post oak)
Quercus texana (Nuttall oak)
Quercus velutina (black oak)
Quercus virginiana (live oak)
Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust)
Sabal palmetto (cabbage palmetto)
Salix nigra (black willow)
Sassafras albidum (sassafras)
Tilia americana (American basswood)
Ulmus alata (winged elm)
Ulmus americana (American elm)
Ulmus crassifolia (cedar elm)
Ulmus rubra (slippery elm)
Ulmus serotina (September elm)
Ulmus thomasii (rock elm)
Umbellularia californica (California laurel)

Temp3

Hardwoods

Species and a common name	Notes and commercial uses	Temp	Eastern distribution Western distribution	avg height; growth rate, annual precipitation and low temperature	Tolerance: (D)rought (F)ire, (L)iming and (S)hade
test

See also

• List of gymnosperm families
• List of inventoried conifers in Canada
• List of inventoried conifers in the United States

References

• Adee, Ken; Conrad, C. Eugene (1990). "Metrosideros polymorpha". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 466–469. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Beck, Donald E. (1990). "Liriodendron tulipifera". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 406–416. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Belanger, Roger P. (1990). "Quercus falcata". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 640–643. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Bey, Calvin F. (1990). "Ulmus americana". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 801–807. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Blair, Robert M. (1990). "Gleditsia triacanthos". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 358–364. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Brendemuehl, R. H. (1990). "Persea borbonia". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 503–506. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., eds. (1991). Silvics of North America, Volume 1. Conifers. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). ISBN 978-0160292606.
• Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H., eds. (1990). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Burton, J. D. (1990). "Maclura pomifera". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 426–432. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Cooley, John H.; Sambeek, J. W. Van (1990). "Ulmus rubra". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 812–816. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Cooper, D. T. (1990). "Populus deltoides". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 530–536. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Crow, T. R. (1990). "Tilia americana; Ulmus thomasii". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 784–791, 821–825. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Della-Bianca, Lino (1990). "Magnolia fraseri". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 439–444. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Dickson, James G. (1990). "Cercis canadensis". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 266–269. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Edwards, M. B. (1990). "Quercus michauxii; Quercus shumardii". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 693–696, 734–737. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Erdmann, G. G. (1990). "Betula alleghaniensis". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 133–147. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Filer, T. H. Jr. (1990). "Quercus texana". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 704–708. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Francis, John K. (1990). "Carya aquatica". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 186–189. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Gabriel, William J. (1990). "Acer nigrum; Acer saccharinum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 46–52, 70–77. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Gabriel, William J.; Walters, Russell S. (1990). "Acer pensylvanicum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 53–59. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Godman, Richard M.; Yawney, Harry W.; Tubbs, Carl H. (1990). "Acer saccharum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 78–91. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Graney, David L. (1990). "Carya ovata". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 219–225. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Grelen, H. E. (1990). "Betula nigra; Ilex opaca". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 153–157, 379–385. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Gresham, Charles A.; Lipscomb, Donald J. (1990). "Gordonia lasianthus". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 365–369. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Griggs, Margene M. (1990). "Sassafras albidum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 773–777. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Halls, Lowell K. (1990). "Diospyros virginiana". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 294–298. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Harlow, Richard F. (1990). "Quercus laevis". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 672–676. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Harms, W. R. (1990). "Fraxinus profunda; Quercus virginiana". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 355–357, 751–754. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Harrington, Constance A. (1990). "Alnus rubra". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 116–123. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Huntley, J. C. (1990). "Robinia pseudoacacia". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 755–761. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Hupp, Erica (2024). "The future of ash trees". Washington, DC, US: Office of Communication, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
• Johnson, Paul S. (1990). "Quercus coccinea; Quercus macrocarpa". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 625–630, 686–692. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Johnson, R. L. (1990). "Nyssa aquatica; Populus heterophylla". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 474–478, 551–554. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Jones, Earle P. Jr. (1990). "Acer floridanum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 29–32. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Kennedy, Harvey E. Jr. (1990). "Celtis laevigata; Fraxinus pennsylvanica". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 258–261, 348–354. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Kormanik, Paul P. (1990). "Liquidambar styraciflua". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 400–405. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Kossuth, Susan V.; Scheer, Robert L. (1990). "Nyssa ogeche". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 479–481. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Krajicek, John E.; Williams, Robert D. (1990). "Celtis occidentalis". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 262–265. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Laidly, Paul R. (1990). "Populus grandidentata". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 544–550. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Lamson, Neil I. (1990). "Betula lenta; Morus rubra". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 148–152, 470–473. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Lawson, Edwin R. (1990). "Ulmus serotina". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 817–820. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Maisenhelder, L. C.; Francis, John K. (1990). "Carya myristiciformis". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 215–218. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Marquis, David A. (1990). "Prunus serotina". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 594–604. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• McDonald, Philip M. (1990). "Quercus douglasii; Quercus kelloggii". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 631–639, 661–671. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• McDonald, Philip M.; Tappeiner, John C. II (1990). "Arbutus menziesii". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 124–132. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• McGee, Charles E. (1990). "Nyssa sylvatica". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 482–484. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• McKee, Arthur (1990). "Chrysolepis chrysophylla". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 234–239. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• McLemore, B. F. (1990). "Cornus florida". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 278–283. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• McQuilkin, Robert A. (1990). "Quercus palustris". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 709–714. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• McReynolds, Robert D.; Hebb, E. A. (1990). "Quercus laurifolia". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 677–680. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Metzger, F. T. (1990). "Carpinus caroliniana; Ostrya virginiana". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 179–185, 490–496. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Minore, Don; Zasada, John C. (1990). "Acer macrophyllum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 33–40. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• National Plant Data Team (2024). "USDA Plants Database". Washington, DC, US: Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Department of Agriculture. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
• Outcalt, Kenneth W. (1990). "Magnolia grandiflora". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 445–448. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Overton, Ronald P. (1990). "Acer negundo; Oxydendrum arboreum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 41–45, 497–500. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Owston, Peyton W. (1990). "Fraxinus latifolia". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 339–343. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Perala, D. A. (1990). "Populus tremuloides". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 555–569. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Peterson, J. K. (1990). "Carya illinoinensis". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 205–210. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Pitcher, J. A.; McKnight, J. S. (1990). "Salix nigra". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 768–772. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Priester, David S. (1990). "Magnolia virginiana". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 449–454. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Rink, George (1990). "Juglans cinerea". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 386–390. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Rogers, Robert (1990). "Quercus alba; Quercus bicolor". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 605–613, 614–617. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Safford, L. O.; Bjorkbom, John C.; Zasada, John C. (1990). "Betula papyrifera". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 158–171. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Sander, Ivan L. (1990). "Quercus muehlenbergii; Quercus rubra; Quercus velutina". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 697–700, 727–733, 744–750. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Schlaegel, Bryce E. (1990). "Quercus phellos". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 715–720. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Schlesinger, Richard C. (1990). "Carya laciniosa; Fraxinus americana". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 211–214, 333–338. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Sluder, Earl R. (1990). "Halesia carolina". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 374–378. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Smalley, Glendon W. (1990). "Carya glabra". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 198–204. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Smith, H. Clay (1990). "Carya cordiformis; Carya tomentosa; Magnolia acuminata". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 190–197, 226–233, 433–438. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Snow, G. A. (1990). "Ulmus alata". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 797–800. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Solomon, J. D. (1990). "Quercus lyrata". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 681–685. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Stein, William I. (1990). "Quercus garryana; Umbellularia californica". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 650–660, 826–834. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Stransky, John J. (1990). "Quercus stellata". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 738–743. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Stransky, John J.; Bierschenk, Sylvia M. (1990). "Ulmus crassifolia". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 808–811. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Thornburgh, Dale A. (1990). "Quercus chrysolepis". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 618–624. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Tubbs, Carl H.; Houston, David R. (1990). "Fagus grandifolia". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 325–332. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Vozzo, J. A. (1990). "Quercus nigra". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 701–703. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Wade, Dale D.; Langdon, O. Gordon (1990). "Sabal palmetto". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 762–767. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Walters, Russell S.; Yawney, Harry W. (1990). "Acer rubrum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 60–69. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Wells, O. O.; Schmidtling, R. C. (1990). "Platanus occidentalis". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 511–517. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Wendel, G. W. (1990). "Prunus pensylvanica". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 587–593. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Whitesell, Craig D. (1990). "Acacia koa". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 17–28. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Williams, Robert D. (1990). "Aesculus glabra; Aesculus flava; Juglans nigra". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 92–95, 96–100, 391–399. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Wright, Jonathan W.; Rauscher, H. Michael (1990). "Fraxinus nigra". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 344–347. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.
• Zasada, John C.; Phipps, Howard M. (1990). "Populus balsamifera". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Silvics of North America, Volume 2. Hardwoods. Washington, DC: US Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (US Government Printing Office). pp. 518–529. ISBN 978-0-16-029260-6.

temp1

• Acacia koa[1];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes, veneers.@2@110@0@moderate,medium,medium,medium,intolerant@3@An evergreen with multihued, high-value wood. It grows naturally only in Hawaii, where it is an important part of mountainous rainforests.@50,200,31
• Acer floridanum[2];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, pulpwood, veneers.@2@50@0@moderate,medium,low,none,tolerant@3@Called southern sugar maple for its resemblance to A. saccharum. When competing for sunlight, it is most often confined to the understory. It is limited mostly to the coastal plains and the Piedmont.@40,65,-18
• Acer macrophyllum[3];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, veneers.@2@60@0@rapid,low,low,high,medium@3@A Pacific Coast tree with valuable wood, used to make furniture and musical instruments@22,260,-14
• Acer negundo[4];@1@landscaping, palatable food, pulpwood.@2@60@0@rapid,high,high,low,tolerant@3@A maple species tolerant to drought and cold. It is broadly distributed in the US, but grows best in alluvial plains.@15,75,-46
• Acer nigrum[5];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, terpenes, veneers.@2@100@0@moderate,medium,medium,low,tolerant@3@Also called black sugar maple for its similarity to A. saccharum in shape, wood characteristics and distribution. It prefers alluvial soils.@24,60,-47
• Acer pensylvanicum[6];@1@landscaping.@2@35@0@slow,low,low,medium,tolerant@3@Easily identified by its vertical white stripes and dusky greenish bark, the tree is often found in shady, cool valleys.@24,76,-47
• Acer rubrum[7];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, pulpwood, veneers.@2@68@0@rapid,high,medium,low,medium@3@A fast-growing maple with wood of varying quality. It grows in a variety of environments up to about 3,000 ft (910 m).@25,80,-47
• Acer saccharinum[8];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, veneers.@2@90@0@rapid,medium,low,low,medium@3@Widely planted as an ornamental. It is easy to transplant, and grows quickly. The wood is softer than in other maples. It grows best in the wild in damp well-drained alluvial soil.@20,70,-47
• Acer saccharum[9];@1@timber; palatable food, pulpwood, terpenes, veneers.@2@100@0@slow,medium,medium,low,tolerant@3@The primary source of maple syrup. One of the largest and most common North American maples.@22,80,-47
• Aesculus flava[10];@1@landscaping, pulpwood.@2@65@0@moderate,medium,low,low,tolerant@3@The largest species of the genus, with light wood, used for pulp and wooden utensils. Seen most often in the Great Smoky Mountains in the southern Appalachians. The seeds contain a toxic glucoside.@39,84,-18
• Aesculus glabra[11];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood.@2@68@0@rapid,medium,medium,low,tolerant@3@The timber is generally unmarketable, and the seeds contain a toxic glucoside. The tree prefers damp soil near waterways.@30,60,-33
• Alnus rubra[12];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood, veneers.@2@90@0@rapid,low,medium,high,intolerant@3@A common pioneer hardwood of the coastal northwestern US. Hosts nitrogen-fixing bacteria.@24,220,-22
• Arbutus menziesii[13];@1@timber; landscaping, veneers.@2@80@0@slow,low,high,medium,medium@3@A generally non-commercial hardwood with a wide native distribution along the Pacific coast@15,163,13
• Betula alleghaniensis[14];@1@timber; palatable food, veneers.@2@75@0@slow,low,medium,low,medium@3@The most economically productive birch native to the US, used for plywood, furniture and carpentry. Often found in damp soils with good drainage in hilly terrain.@25,80,-47
• Betula lenta[15];@1@timber; pulpwood, veneers.@2@60@0@moderate,low,medium,low,intolerant@3@The wintergreen-scented wood, which turns dark when exposed to air, was traditionally used as a substitute for mahogany. It grows at a maximum altitude of 4,500 ft (1,400 m) in its southern range.@29,80,-26
• Betula nigra[16];@1@pulpwood, veneers.@2@70@0@rapid,none,low,medium,intolerant@3@Not commercially important, but its strong wood is used locally to make toys and furniture. Often planted as an ornamental.@30,80,-31
• Betula papyrifera[17];@1@landscaping, palatable food, pulpwood, veneers.@2@70@0@rapid,low,low,high,intolerant@3@The birch with the broadest distribution in North America. Commercially important for veneer and pulpwood. It grows best on sites with damp sandy loam.@12,60,-62
• Carpinus caroliniana[18];@1@landscaping, terpenes.@2@30@0@slow,low,low,low,tolerant@3@Traditionally used to make utensils, but of little economic importance today. It grows in a variety of soils and habitats.@23,80,-34
• Carya aquatica[19];@1@.@2@85@0@slow,low,medium,medium,medium@3@A dominant species in some ecologically important floodlands and wetland forests. It prefers warm, humid habitats.@35,70,-18
• Carya cordiformis[20];@1@timber; palatable food, pulpwood, terpenes, veneers.@2@75@0@slow,high,high,medium,intolerant@3@A more northern relative of the pecan. Its dark-brown, shock-resistant wood is used to make furniture, tools and ladders. It is commonly seen in swamps and damp valleys.@25,70,-47
• Carya glabra[21];@1@timber; palatable food, terpenes, veneers.@2@80@0@slow,high,high,medium,medium@3@A common hickory species, often seen on hilltops and slopes. The large, nutritious nuts, along with the twigs, bark and leaves, provide food for rodents, birds, deer and other mammals.@30,80,-30
• Carya illinoinensis[22];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, veneers.@2@120@0@slow,low,low,low,intolerant@3@The nuts are widely used in desserts and baking, and the wood is occasionally used in furniture and carpentry. Often grows on permeable loam soils.@28,79,-21
• Carya laciniosa[23];@1@timber; palatable food, terpenes, veneers.@2@100@0@slow,high,low,medium,tolerant@3@Broadly, but not commonly, distributed. The wood is used for tool handles and furniture. The nuts are the largest among the hickories, providing food for wildlife.@30,60,-22
• Carya myristiciformis[24];@1@timber; palatable food, pulpwood, terpenes.@2@95@0@slow,low,low,low,intolerant@3@Only small populations remain of this hickory, generally found on damp, nutrient-rich soils. The nuts are high in oils and nutritious for wildlife.@40,60,-10
• Carya ovata[25];@1@timber; palatable food, pulpwood, terpenes.@2@75@0@slow,medium,medium,medium,medium@3@Mature specimens can be identified by the peeling bark. It grows well in humid climates. This species and Carya glabra account for much of the supply of hickory wood in the US.@29,80,-40
• Carya tomentosa[26];@1@timber; palatable food, pulpwood, terpenes, veneers.@2@85@0@slow,high,medium,medium,medium@3@The most abundant of the American hickories. The wood is hard and flexible. Often found in humid uplands.@32,80,-33
• Celtis laevigata[27];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes, veneers.@2@80@0@moderate,medium,low,medium,tolerant@3@Adapted to moist sandy or rocky soils. The moderately strong light-yellow wood is used in furniture.@20,80,-21
• Celtis occidentalis[28];@1@landscaping.@2@60@0@rapid,medium,high,low,tolerant@3@The wood is similar in quality to most elm wood. The berries persist through the winter, providing sustenance for birds and other animals. The tree thrives in a range of soils and habitats.@14,60,-47
• Cercis canadensis[29];@1@landscaping, palatable food.@2@30@0@slow,low,high,medium,tolerant@3@A popular ornamental, and one of the earliest-blooming trees. A food source for birds, wildlife and livestock. It grows best on damp, drained soils, but not on coarse sand.@20,80,-28
• Chrysolepis chrysophylla[30];@1@landscaping, palatable food.@2@100@0@moderate,low,high,high,tolerant@3@Appears mainly in forests dominated by conifers. Its marketability is hampered by difficulties in drying the wood. It grows in a range of habitats, but is rarely the dominant tree in any of them.@34,130,-34
• Cornus florida[31];@1@landscaping.@2@30@0@moderate,low,low,medium,tolerant@3@A popular ornamental. The white or pinkish "flowers" are actually bracts. Its shallow roots do poorly on dry sites.@28,80,-28
• Diospyros virginiana[32];@1@landscaping, palatable food.@2@55@0@slow,none,medium,medium,tolerant@3@The fruit can be fermented or used in baking. The wood is heavy, hard and smooth-grained. The tree thrives in a variety of conditions.@30,80,-21
• Fagus grandifolia[33];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, pulpwood, terpenes, veneers.@2@80@0@slow,low,high,medium,tolerant@3@The only nut-producing tree among the northernmost American hardwoods. The wood is easily cut, shaped and treated, and is used for furniture and carpentry. The tree is common in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys.@28,80,-44
• Fraxinus americana[34];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes.@2@90@0@moderate,medium,low,medium,intolerant@3@The most valuable timber tree of the ashes. Its many uses include baseball bats, tools, furniture and carpentry. It thrives on rich, damp soils.@28,80,-34
• Fraxinus latifolia[35];@1@landscaping, terpenes.@2@70@0@moderate,low,low,medium,medium@3@The only native ash tree of the Pacific Northwest. The wood is easy to split and a good fuel source.@20,118,-8
• Fraxinus nigra[36];@1@timber; terpenes, veneers.@2@65@0@slow,NA,low,medium,intolerant@3@The wood separates easily and has often been bent and woven into baskets, hoops and furniture. Usually seen in waterlogged northern forestland.@20,50,-47
• Fraxinus pennsylvanica[37];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes.@2@80@0@rapid,high,medium,medium,tolerant@3@The ash with the widest distribution in the US. The wood is similar to that of white ash.@15,71,-47
• Fraxinus profunda[38];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes.@2@120@0@rapid,none,low,high,medium@3@The common name comes from the swelling it often develops at the base of the trunk when growing in swampland or damp bottomland. The wood is used for construction timber and tool implements.@36,70,-24
• Gleditsia triacanthos[39];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood.@2@70@0@rapid,medium,high,medium,intolerant@3@Thornless varieties are popular urban ornamentals, especially near pavement or where only partial shade is desired. Often seen in damp bottomlands or limestone soils.@20,70,-36
• Gordonia lasianthus[40];@1@landscaping, pulpwood.@2@65@0@slow,none,low,low,tolerant@3@Found in acidic and swampy environments near the Gulf and southern Atlantic coasts. Popular as an ornamental for its profuse flowers.@44,70,-4
• Halesia carolina[41];@1@timber; pulpwood, veneers.@2@30@0@moderate,low,low,low,tolerant@3@Flourishes in the southern Appalachians. The light, fine-grained wood is used in veneers, carpentry, and kitchen utensils and implements.@40,80,-10
• Ilex opaca[42];@1@landscaping, pulpwood, veneers.@2@40@0@slow,low,medium,low,tolerant@3@Planted as an ornamental and for winter holiday decorations. The red berries attract white-tailed deer and many bird species. The range overlaps that of loblolly and shortleaf pine.@40,80,-20
• Juglans cinerea[43];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, pulpwood, veneers.@2@80@0@rapid,none,low,low,intolerant@3@Maple-butternut candy is traditional in New England. The wood has been used for carpentry and furniture, but populations of the tree are declining.@25,80,-33
• Juglans nigra[44];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, veneers.@2@100@0@rapid,high,low,high,intolerant@3@Natural groves are scarce from overlogging, but those remaining are valuable sources of veneers.@30,60,-28
• Liquidambar styraciflua[45];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood, terpenes, veneers.@2@100@0@rapid,low,low,low,intolerant@3@A common tree in Southeastern bottomland. The scented sap is used in medicines and perfumes, and the wood is used for carpentry and utensils.@40,60,-21
• Liriodendron tulipifera[46];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood, terpenes, veneers.@2@120@0@rapid,low,low,medium,intolerant@3@A common ornamental, and also in demand as a fast-growing source of light wood for construction and furniture. The tree is most common on the lower slopes of the Appalachians and in the Piedmont.@30,80,-18
• Maclura pomifera[47];@1@landscaping.@2@35@0@moderate,high,medium,medium,intolerant@3@One of the most-planted tree species in North America. It now provides decay-resistant fence posts, but from the mid-1800s until the adoption of barbed wire, it was widely used for prairie fencing.@24,40,-23
• Magnolia acuminata[48];@1@timber; landscaping.@2@100@0@rapid,low,none,none,medium@3@A common ornamental, with the widest distribution in the US among native magnolias. The wood is similar to tuliptree.@35,60,-16
• Magnolia fraseri[49];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood.@2@75@0@rapid,low,low,medium,medium@3@A small ornamental tree of the southern Appalachians, with large white flowers@40,80,-13
• Magnolia grandiflora[50];@1@timber; landscaping.@2@100@0@moderate,low,low,low,tolerant@3@A traditional ornamental tree in the Southeast popular for its large perfumed white flowers and leathery evergreen leaves, and now a common ornamental worldwide. It is resistant to damage by high wind and air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide.@35,60,7
• Magnolia virginiana[51];@1@landscaping, pulpwood, veneers.@2@60@0@moderate,none,none,none,medium@3@A magnolia that is better than others in tolerating wet and dry soils. Often seen on wet or acid soils of the coastal plains. Sometimes confused with other bay trees, such as Gordonia lasianthus and Persea borbonia.@40,80,17
• Metrosideros polymorpha[52];@1@timber; terpenes.@2@65@0@slow,none,low,high,intolerant@3@The most widely distributed tree in Hawaii, and generally the first to appear on new lava deposits. Often starts its life cycle as an epiphyte.@20,450,22
• Morus rubra[53];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, veneers.@2@70@0@moderate,medium,medium,low,tolerant@3@Widespread across the eastern US. The wood is used locally for furniture, carpentry and posts, but the tree is best known for its fruit, used in desserts, preserves and drinks.@35,60,-33
• Nyssa aquatica[54];@1@timber; pulpwood.@2@100@0@moderate,none,none,low,intolerant@3@A tupelo of flood plains and swamps mainly of the Southeast and South Central states. Used commercially for furniture and boxes.@40,60,-23
• Nyssa ogeche[55];@1@palatable food.@2@50@0@rapid,low,low,medium,intolerant@3@An uncommon tree that prefers wet soils of the coastal plains. Valued mostly for its fruits and honey.@45,60,-8
• Nyssa sylvatica[56];@1@landscaping.@2@95@0@moderate,none,low,low,tolerant@3@An important food source for wildlife. It prefers lightweight soils of both upland and bottomland, and is used for boxes, posts and piers.@40,60,-18
• Ostrya virginiana[57];@1@landscaping, terpenes.@2@45@0@slow,medium,medium,medium,tolerant@3@A short understory tree that tolerates a wide variety of soils. Not an evergreen, but it retains its leaves for much of the winter. Used for landscaping and to make tools.@18,60,-38
• Oxydendrum arboreum[58];@1@landscaping.@2@35@0@slow,none,medium,low,tolerant@3@A midcanopy and understory tree of the Appalachians and Piedmont. Also known as lily-of-the-valley tree for its flowers, which are a source of honey in some areas.@30,40,-13
• Persea borbonia[59];@1@landscaping, palatable food.@2@70@0@moderate,none,low,none,tolerant@3@Often seen in swamp forests of the coastal plains. An evergreen tree with scented leaves that are sometimes used as a seasoning.@40,80,7
• Platanus occidentalis[60];@1@timber; landscaping.@2@100@0@rapid,none,low,medium,medium@3@Used mainly for pulp and for rough, sturdy timber, including in butcher blocks. It is used for soil regeneration, but thrives best in rich alluvial soils. Sometimes confused with other Platanus trees or with the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus).@30,80,-34
• Populus balsamifera[61];@1@timber; pulpwood.@2@80@0@rapid,high,low,high,intolerant@3@Thrives on flood plains, but also grows on upland. The light wood is used for pulp and lightweight construction.@6,70,-79
• Populus deltoides[62];@1@timber; pulpwood, veneers.@2@190@0@rapid,medium,medium,medium,intolerant@3@Sometimes classified as a species, sometimes as the subspecies deltoides. A large tree with light wood that prefers damp silt or fine sand. It has the fastest growth rate among forest-inventory trees in North America.@18,55,-43
• Populus grandidentata[63];@1@timber; pulpwood, veneers.@2@65@0@rapid,medium,low,high,intolerant@3@Thrives in alluvial soils and, in higher elevations, in sandy soils. The light wood is suited for pulp. The leaves, flower buds and small shoots feed grouse, moose and other wildlife.@20,70,-43
• Populus heterophylla[64];@1@pulpwood, veneers.@2@100@0@moderate,low,low,medium,intolerant@3@Can tolerate submerged soils, unlike other native poplars. It is not often felled for its wood, but when it is, the wood is similar to, and often sold with, eastern cottonwood.@35,60,-23
• Populus tremuloides[65];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood, veneers.@2@65@0@rapid,high,low,high,intolerant@3@Native to every region of the US and every province of Canada. An important source of pulp and engineered wood products. Often used in landscaping, but the aggressive roots can damage nearby structures.@7,60,-70
• Prunus pensylvanica[66];@1@palatable food, pulpwood.@2@30@0@rapid,none,low,high,intolerant@3@An important pioneer species, sometimes called fire cherry for its use in reforestation after wildfires. It grows in a wide variety of soils.@16,80,-38
• Prunus serotina[67];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, terpenes, veneers.@2@80@0@rapid,high,medium,low,intolerant@3@The only native cherry tree harvested commercially for wood, mainly on the Allegheny Plateau. Wilted leaves contain the toxin cyanide.@21,50,-33
• Quercus alba[68];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes, veneers.@2@100@0@slow,medium,medium,medium,medium@3@High-quality wood that tolerates a range of soils. The acorns are an important food source for more than 180 wildlife species.@30,80,-43
• Quercus bicolor[69];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes, veneers.@2@100@0@rapid,low,low,medium,medium@3@Generally found in bottomlands and waterlogged areas. The wood is similar to but knottier than white oak wood.@36,48,-28
• Quercus chrysolepis[70];@1@landscaping, veneers.@2@90@0@slow,none,high,medium,tolerant@3@A tall tree in ideal conditions, but tends to be shrubby on exposed or dry slopes. Pioneering settlers in California used the wood for tools, furniture and fuel.@6,110,11
• Quercus coccinea[71];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes, veneers.@2@70@0@rapid,low,medium,medium,intolerant@3@A timber tree with striking autumn colors that tolerates a range of soils and conditions@30,55,-28
• Quercus douglasii[72];@1@palatable food.@2@60@0@slow,none,high,low,intolerant@3@Accounts for a significant amount of the oak forestland in California. The wood is strong but not often harvested because of the short, irregular trunks.@10,60,10
• Quercus falcata[73];@1@timber; veneers.@2@75@0@moderate,medium,high,low,medium@3@Frequently seen on uplands in the southern states. The wood is coarse-grained and hard.@40,80,-13
• Quercus garryana[74];@1@timber; palatable food, terpenes.@2@80@0@slow,none,high,low,intolerant@3@Usually seen inland from the Pacific coast. Used locally for furniture and carpentry.@10,104,-33
• Quercus kelloggii[75];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, terpenes.@2@85@0@slow,low,medium,low,intolerant@3@Similar to northern red oak, the wood is suitable for paneling, furniture, carpentry and pallets. It has the widest distribution in California among the western oaks.@12,100,-3
• Quercus laevis[76];@1@.@2@40@0@rapid,none,high,medium,intolerant@3@Prefers sandy, dry soils. Generally too small for commercial harvesting, but the wood makes good fuel.@40,70,-3
• Quercus laurifolia[77];@1@landscaping, pulpwood.@2@70@0@rapid,none,low,low,tolerant@3@Grows in damp forests of the coastal plains. Used as an ornamental and for fuel.@40,70,-3
• Quercus lyrata[78];@1@landscaping.@2@80@0@moderate,low,none,low,medium@3@Grows well on submerged soils of the Southeast. The timber is of variable quality.@36,60,-23
• Quercus macrocarpa[79];@1@timber; landscaping.@2@100@0@slow,medium,high,high,medium@3@An extensive root system helps the tree survive droughts. Most of the timber harvest is from lowlands in Iowa and Illinois.@15,50,-38
• Quercus michauxii[80];@1@timber; terpenes, veneers.@2@80@0@moderate,none,low,low,intolerant@3@An important timber tree of the southern states, growing mostly on damp and wet bottomlands. The wood has many uses, including in basketry.@40,70,-20
• Quercus muehlenbergii[81];@1@.@2@70@0@moderate,high,high,low,intolerant@3@Prefers limestone uplands and slopes with permeable soils. Not usually abundant enough for commercial harvesting.@20,90,-33
• Quercus nigra[82];@1@timber; landscaping, veneers.@2@90@0@rapid,none,low,high,intolerant@3@Frequently seen in lowlands, especially near waterways, in the Southeast. Used for timber and fuel.@35,70,-20
• Quercus palustris[83];@1@timber; landscaping, veneers.@2@100@0@rapid,low,low,medium,intolerant@3@Used for fuel, pulp and railroad ties; other uses are limited because the wood can warp when drying. Found on damp and wet soils, especially clay soils of the Ohio Valley.@32,60,-33
• Quercus phellos[84];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood.@2@100@0@rapid,none,none,low,intolerant@3@Widely planted as an ornamental. Harvested for timber and pulp. Grows rapidly on damp alluvial soils, often near waterways.@40,70,-23
• Quercus rubra[85];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes, veneers.@2@81@0@moderate,low,low,high,medium@3@A common tree in the eastern US, adapted to a variety of soils. An important source of hard, heavy timber. It is urban-tolerant and has been used for soil rehabilitation.@30,80,-35
• Quercus shumardii[86];@1@timber; terpenes, veneers.@2@100@0@moderate,low,high,low,intolerant@3@A large red oak that prefers damp, porous soils. Marketed along with other red oak wood for furniture and carpentry.@25,70,-22
• Quercus stellata[87];@1@timber; pulpwood, veneers.@2@60@0@slow,medium,high,medium,intolerant@3@Prevalent throughout the Southeast and South Central states. Sometimes grown to protect soil on stony and dry sites.@22,80,-33
• Quercus texana[88];@1@timber; terpenes, veneers.@2@110@0@rapid,none,none,none,intolerant@3@The tree is similar to pin oak, and the wood is often marketed with red oak. It grows well on many soils, including clay soils with low permeability.@40,65,-18
• Quercus velutina[89];@1@timber; veneers.@2@80@0@moderate,low,low,medium,medium@3@Black oak grows on a variety of soils in the eastern and midwestern US. The wood is often marketed with red oak.@30,80,-30
• Quercus virginiana[90];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood.@2@50@0@rapid,none,medium,low,medium@3@Abundant on partly damp to partly dry soils in much of its range. The wood is strong and heavy, among the densest for North American trees.@32,70,7
• Robinia pseudoacacia[91];@1@timber; landscaping, pulpwood.@2@60@0@rapid,high,high,high,intolerant@3@Grows best on damp fertile limestone soils. It has become naturalized in the US. Used mostly to improve soils through nitrogen fixation, as a windbreak and for fuel.@16,65,-37
• Sabal palmetto[92];@1@landscaping, palatable food.@2@90@0@slow,medium,low,low,tolerant@3@Tolerates a broad range of damp soils, and even brackish marshes. Planted as an ornamental. The fruit is edible.@30,70,16
• Salix nigra[93];@1@landscaping, pulpwood.@2@100@0@rapid,low,low,low,intolerant@3@The largest and the only regularly harvested native willow in the US. Also planted as an ornamental and to protect soil from eroding. The shallow roots require water access.@18,80,58
• Sassafras albidum[94];@1@landscaping, palatable food.@2@75@0@moderate,high,high,low,intolerant@3@Thrives in the Great Smoky Mountains on damp fertile soils in open areas. The entire tree is strongly scented, and oil from the bark has been used in perfumery.@30,80,-27
• Tilia americana[95];@1@timber; landscaping, terpenes.@2@100@0@moderate,low,low,medium,tolerant@3@Harvested for timber, especially in and around the Great Lakes. Also a nectar source for honey. Thrives best on layers of fertile, damp soil.@21,80,-46
• Ulmus alata[96];@1@timber.@2@65@0@moderate,low,low,NA,tolerant@3@Named for the winged seeds, called samaras. The tree generally grows where other elms grow, and its wood is marketed along with other elm wood.@40,70,-18
• Ulmus americana[97];@1@timber; pulpwood, terpenes.@2@120@0@rapid,medium,medium,low,medium@3@Has not recovered from the devastation caused by Dutch elm disease over the past century. When available, the wood has many uses, including in furniture and construction.@15,70,-46
• Ulmus crassifolia[98];@1@timber; landscaping.@2@90@0@rapid,low,medium,low,medium@3@Prefers damp limestone soils. The very strong wood is marketed with rock elm.@20,70,-10
• Ulmus rubra[99];@1@timber; pulpwood.@2@85@0@rapid,low,medium,low,tolerant@3@"Slippery" refers to the inner bark. The tree prefers damp, fertile soils. Susceptible to Dutch elm disease.@21,83,-43
• Ulmus serotina[100];@1@timber; landscaping.@2@70@0@rapid,medium,medium,low,tolerant@3@Susceptible to Dutch elm disease. Not an abundant species. The wood is marketed with rock elm.@40,60,-21
• Ulmus thomasii[101];@1@timber; veneers.@2@90@0@moderate,medium,low,medium,medium@3@Thrives on damp loamy soils. The very hard wood is used in construction and veneers.@22,60,-46
• Umbellularia californica[102];@1@timber; landscaping, palatable food, terpenes, veneers.@2@80@0@moderate,none,low,medium,tolerant@3@Produces an oil similar to camphor that is germicidal, insecticidal and also sometimes toxic for humans. The wood is used in furniture and carpentry.@13,84,-13

temp0

• Acacia koa[103].koa.17.;HI;.......
• Acer floridanum[104].southern sugar maple.29.IL VA and the Southeast;MO and the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Acer macrophyllum[105].bigleaf maple.33.;CA OR WA;......y
• Acer negundo[106].boxelder.41.All;All but AK HI;yyyyyyy
• Acer nigrum[107].black maple.46.All but FL ME MS RI SC;AR IA KS MN MO SD;yyyyyyy
• Acer pensylvanicum[108].striped maple.53.GA KY MI NC OH SC TN WI, New England, and all but DE in the Mid-Atlantic;MN;yyyyy..
• Acer rubrum[109].red maple.60.All;IA MN MO OR and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Acer saccharinum[110].silver maple.70.All;CA NM OR, the western Midwest, and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Acer saccharum[111].sugar maple.78.All but FL SC;all but NE in the western Midwest, and all but TX in the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Aesculus flava[112].yellow buckeye.96.IL IN OH, all but DE in the Mid-Atlantic, and all but FL in the Southeast;;.yyy...
• Aesculus glabra[113].Ohio buckeye.92.AL GA KY ME MS NH TN, the eastern Midwest, and all but DE and MD in the Mid-Atlantic;all but ND SD in the western Midwest, and all but LA in the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Alnus rubra[114].red alder.116.;AK CA ID MT OR WA;......y
• Arbutus menziesii[115].Pacific madrone.124.;CA OR WA;......y
• Betula alleghaniensis[116].yellow birch.133.GA KY NC SC TN, the eastern Midwest, New England, and all but DE in the Mid-Atlantic;IA MN;yyyyy..
• Betula lenta[117].sweet birch.148.OH, the Mid-Atlantic, New England, and all but FL in the Southeast;;yyyy...
• Betula nigra[118].river birch.153.All but ME RI;IA KS MN MO and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Betula papyrifera[119].paper birch.158.NC TN, the eastern Midwest, New England, and all but DE in the Mid-Atlantic;CO IA MN ND NE SC and the northern six states in the continental Western US;yyyyy.y
• Carpinus caroliniana[120].American hornbeam.179.All;IA MN MO and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Carya aquatica[121].water hickory.186.IL IN VA and the Southeast;MO and the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Carya cordiformis[122].bitternut hickory.190.All;the South Central states and all but SD ND in the western Midwest;yyyyyy.
• Carya glabra[123].pignut hickory.198.All but ME WI;MO NE and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Carya illinoinensis[124].pecan.205.IL IN MD OH VA and the Southeast;IA KS MO and the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Carya laciniosa[125].shellbark hickory.211.ME, all but WI in the eastern Midwest, all but NJ in the Mid-Atlantic, and all but FL in the Southeast;IA KS MO and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Carya myristiciformis[126].nutmeg hickory.215.All but FL TN in the Southeast;the South Central states;..y..y.
• Carya ovata[127].shagbark hickory.219.All but FL;the South Central states and all but SD in the western Midwest;yyyyyy.
• Carya tomentosa[128].mockernut hickory.226.All but ME VT WI;IA KS MO and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Celtis laevigata[129].sugarberry.258.IL IN MD OH VA WV and the Southeast;KS MO, the South Central states, and all but AK MT in the continental Western US;.yyyyyy
• Celtis occidentalis[130].common hackberry.262.All but ME;CO MT NM UT WY, the western Midwest, and the South Central states, except for LA;yyyyyyy
• Cercis canadensis[131].eastern redbud.266.CT MA, the eastern Midwest, the Mid-Atlantic, and the Southeast;IA KS MO NE NM and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Chrysolepis chrysophylla[132].giant chinquapin.234.;CA OR WA;......y
• Cornus florida[133].flowering dogwood.278.All but WI;KS MO and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Diospyros virginiana[134].common persimmon.294.All but ME MI NH RI VT WI;CA IA KS MO NE UT and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Fagus grandifolia[135].American beech.325.All;MN MO UT and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Fraxinus americana[136].white ash.333.All;CO IA KS MN MO NE and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Fraxinus latifolia[137].Oregon ash.339.;CA OR WA;......y
• Fraxinus nigra[138].black ash.344.KY, the eastern Midwest, the Mid-Atlantic, and New England;IA MN ND;yyyyy..
• Fraxinus pennsylvanica[139].green ash.348.All;CO MT NM UT WY, the South Central states and the western Midwest;yyyyyyy
• Fraxinus profunda[140].pumpkin ash.355.All but WI WV and New England;AR LA MO;.yyyyy.
• Gleditsia triacanthos[141].honeylocust.358.All;all but AK HI OR WA;yyyyyyy
• Gordonia lasianthus[142].loblolly bay.365.All but KY TN in the Southeast;;..y....
• Halesia carolina[143].Carolina silverbell.374.NY and all but KY NC TN in the Southeast;;.yy....
• Ilex opaca[144].American holly.379.All but ME MI NH VT WI;MO and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Juglans cinerea[145].butternut.386.All but FL;AR IA MN MO;yyyyyy.
• Juglans nigra[146].black walnut.391.All but VT;CO NM UT, the South Central states, and the western Midwest;yyyyyyy
• Liquidambar styraciflua[147].sweetgum.400.All but ME MI NH VT WI;CA MO and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Liriodendron tulipifera[148].tuliptree.406.All but ME NH WI;IA MO and all but OK in the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Maclura pomifera[149].osage orange.426.All but ME NH VT;CA CO NM OR UT WA, the South Central states, and all but MN ND in the western Midwest;yyyyyyy
• Magnolia acuminata[150].cucumber tree.433.All but DE ME MI NH RI VT WI;MO and all but TX in the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Magnolia fraseri[151].mountain magnolia.439.NY OH VA WV and all but FL MS in the Southeast;;.yyy...
• Magnolia grandiflora[152].southern magnolia.445.MD PA VA and the Southeast;all but OK in the South Central states;.yy..y.
• Magnolia virginiana[153].sweetbay.449.MA, all but WV in the Mid-Atlantic, and all but KY in the Southeast;all but OK in the South Central states;yyy..y.
• Metrosideros polymorpha[154].ohia lehua.466.;HI;.......
• Morus rubra[155].red mulberry.470.All but ME NH;the South Central states and all but ND in the western Midwest;yyyyyy.
• Nyssa aquatica[156].water tupelo.474.IL VA and the Southeast;MO and all but OK in the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Nyssa ogeche[157].Ogeechee tupelo.479.AL FL GA SC;;..y....
• Nyssa sylvatica[158].blackgum.482.All;KS MO and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Ostrya virginiana[159].hophornbeam.490.All;WY, the western Midwest, and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Oxydendrum arboreum[160].sourwood.497.IL IN OH RI, the Southeast, and all but DE NJ in the Mid-Atlantic;AR LA;yyyy.y.
• Persea borbonia[161].redbay.503.All but KY TN in the Southeast;all but OK in the South Central states;..y..y.
• Platanus occidentalis[162].American sycamore.511.All;IA KS MO NE WA and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Populus balsamifera[163].balsam poplar.518.The eastern Midwest, the Mid-Atlantic, and New England;all but KS MO NE in the western Midwest and all but AZ NM in the continental Western US;yy.yy.y
• Populus deltoides[164].eastern cottonwood.530.All;AZ CO MT NM UT WY, the western Midwest, and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Populus grandidentata[165].bigtooth aspen.544.KY NC TN, the eastern Midwest, the Mid-Atlantic, and New England;IA MN MO ND;yyyyy..
• Populus heterophylla[166].swamp cottonwood.551.All but ME NH VT WI WV;AR LA MO;yyyyyy.
• Populus tremuloides[167].quaking aspen.555.NC KY, the eastern Midwest, the Mid-Atlantic, and New England;AR TX, the continental Western US, and all but KS in the western Midwest;yyyyyyy
• Prunus pensylvanica[168].pin cherry.587.All but AL DE FL MS SC;CO MT WY and all but KS MO NE in the western Midwest;yyyyy.y
• Prunus serotina[169].black cherry.594.All;AZ NM WA and all but SD in the western Midwest;yyyyy.y
• Quercus alba[170].white oak.605.All;the South Central states and all but the Dakotas in the western Midwest;yyyyyy.
• Quercus bicolor[171].swamp white oak.614.All but FL GA;IA MN MO;yyyyy..
• Quercus chrysolepis[172].canyon live oak.618.;AZ CA NM NV OR;......y
• Quercus coccinea[173].scarlet oak.625.All but FL;AR LA MO;yyyyyy.
• Quercus douglasii[174].blue oak.631.;CA;......y
• Quercus falcata[175].southern red oak.640.All but MI WI and New England;MO and the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Quercus garryana[176].Oregon white oak.650.;CA OR WA;......y
• Quercus kelloggii[177].California black oak.661.;CA OR;......y
• Quercus laevis[178].turkey oak.672.VA and all but KY TN in the Southeast;LA;.yy..y.
• Quercus laurifolia[179].laurel oak.677.MD PA VA and all but KY TN in the Southeast;all but OK in the South Central states;.yy..y.
• Quercus lyrata[180].overcup oak.681.DE MD IL IN NJ VA and the Southeast;MO and the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Quercus macrocarpa[181].bur oak.686.All but FL GA NC SC;CO MT NM, the western Midwest, and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Quercus michauxii[182].swamp chestnut oak.693.DE MD IL IN NJ VA and the Southeast;MO and the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Quercus muehlenbergii[183].chinquapin oak.697.All but DE ME NH RI;NM, the South Central states, and all but the Dakotas in the western Midwest;yyyyyyy
• Quercus nigra[184].water oak.701.DE MD IL NJ VA and the Southeast;MO and the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Quercus palustris[185].pin oak.709.All but AL FL NH SC VT;AR IA KS MO NE OK;yyyyyy.
• Quercus phellos[186].willow oak.715.CT IL OH, the Southeast, and all but WV in the Mid-Atlantic;MO and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Quercus rubra[187].northern red oak.727.All but FL;all but ND SD in the western Midwest, and all but TX in the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Quercus shumardii[188].Shumard's oak.734.All but DE NJ WI and New England;KS MO and the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Quercus stellata[189].post oak.738.ME MI NH VT WI;IA KS MO and the South Central states;y..yyy.
• Quercus texana[190].Nuttall oak.704.AL IL KY MS TN;MO and the South Central states;..yyyy.
• Quercus velutina[191].black oak.744.All;the South Central states and all but ND SD in the western Midwest;yyyyyy.
• Quercus virginiana[192].live oak.751.VA and all but KY TN in the Southeast;LA TX UT;.yy..yy
• Robinia pseudoacacia[193].black locust.755.All;all but AK HI;yyyyyyy
• Sabal palmetto[194].cabbage palmetto.762.All but KY TN in the Southeast;LA TX;..y..y.
• Salix nigra[195].black willow.768.All;CO, the South Central states, and all but ND SD in the western Midwest;yyyyyyy
• Sassafras albidum[196].sassafras.773.All;IA KS MO and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Tilia americana[197].American basswood.784.All;the western Midwest and the South Central states;yyyyyy.
• Ulmus alata[198].winged elm.797.IL IN MD VA and the Southeast;KS MO and the South Central states;.yyyyy.
• Ulmus americana[199].American elm.801.All;CO MT WY,the western Midwest, and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Ulmus crassifolia[200].cedar elm.808.FL MS TN;MO and the South Central states;..y.yy.
• Ulmus rubra[201].slippery elm.812.All;CO, the western Midwest, and the South Central states;yyyyyyy
• Ulmus serotina[202].September elm.817.IL and all but FL NC SC in the Southeast;AR OK;..yy.y.
• Ulmus thomasii[203].rock elm.821.KY TN, the eastern Midwest, all but DE VA in the Mid-Atlantic, and all but ME RI in New England;AR and the western Midwest;yyyyyy.
• Umbellularia californica[204].California laurel.826.;CA OR;......y

temp2

Acacia koa (koa)

Acer floridanum (southern sugar maple)

Acer macrophyllum (bigleaf maple)

Acer negundo (boxelder)

Acer nigrum (black maple)

Acer pensylvanicum (striped maple)

Acer rubrum (red maple)

Acer saccharinum (silver maple)

Acer saccharum (sugar maple)

Aesculus flava (yellow buckeye)

Aesculus glabra (Ohio buckeye)

Alnus rubra (red alder)

Arbutus menziesii (Pacific madrone)

Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch)

Betula lenta (sweet birch)

Betula nigra (river birch)

Betula papyrifera (paper birch)

Carpinus caroliniana (American hornbeam)

Carya aquatica (water hickory)

Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory)

Carya glabra (pignut hickory)

Carya illinoinensis (pecan)

Carya laciniosa (shellbark hickory)

Carya myristiciformis (nutmeg hickory)

Carya ovata (shagbark hickory)

Carya tomentosa (mockernut hickory)

Celtis laevigata (sugarberry)

Celtis occidentalis (common hackberry)

Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud)

Chrysolepis chrysophylla (giant chinquapin)

Cornus florida (flowering dogwood)

Diospyros virginiana (common persimmon)

Fagus grandifolia (American beech)

Fraxinus americana (white ash)

Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon ash)

Fraxinus nigra (black ash)

Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash)

Fraxinus profunda (pumpkin ash)

Gleditsia triacanthos (honeylocust)

Gordonia lasianthus (loblolly bay)

Halesia carolina (Carolina silverbell)

Ilex opaca (American holly)

Juglans cinerea (butternut)

Juglans nigra (black walnut)

Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum)

Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree)

Maclura pomifera (osage orange)

Magnolia acuminata (cucumber tree)

Magnolia fraseri (mountain magnolia)

Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia)

Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay)

Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia lehua)

Morus rubra (red mulberry)

Nyssa aquatica (water tupelo)

Nyssa ogeche (Ogeechee tupelo)

Nyssa sylvatica (blackgum)

Ostrya virginiana (hophornbeam)

Oxydendrum arboreum (sourwood)

Persea borbonia (redbay)

Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore)

Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar)

Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood)

Populus grandidentata (bigtooth aspen)

Populus heterophylla (swamp cottonwood)

Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen)

Prunus pensylvanica (pin cherry)

Prunus serotina (black cherry)

Quercus alba (white oak)

Quercus bicolor (swamp white oak)

Quercus chrysolepis (canyon live oak)

Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak)

Quercus douglasii (blue oak)

Quercus falcata (southern red oak)

Quercus garryana (Oregon white oak)

Quercus kelloggii (California black oak)

Quercus laevis (turkey oak)

Quercus laurifolia (laurel oak)

Quercus lyrata (overcup oak)

Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak)

Quercus michauxii (swamp chestnut oak)

Quercus muehlenbergii (chinquapin oak)

Quercus nigra (water oak)

Quercus palustris (pin oak)

Quercus phellos (willow oak)

Quercus rubra (northern red oak)

Quercus shumardii (Shumard)

Quercus stellata (post oak)

Quercus texana (Nuttall oak)

Quercus velutina (black oak)

Quercus virginiana (live oak)

Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust)

Sabal palmetto (cabbage palmetto)

Salix nigra (black willow)

Sassafras albidum (sassafras)

Tilia americana (American basswood)

Ulmus alata (winged elm)

Ulmus americana (American elm)

Ulmus crassifolia (cedar elm)

Ulmus rubra (slippery elm)

Ulmus serotina (September elm)

Ulmus thomasii (rock elm)

Umbellularia californica (California laurel)