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Women in Business

Developing Countries

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A disproportionate share of women-owned business in developing countries today are micro, small or medium enterprises. Often they do not mature. This has negative for growth and poverty reduction. Understanding the specific barriers women's businesses face and providing solutions to address them are necessary for countries to further leverage the economic power of women for growth and the attainment of development goals.

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Kazakhstan

In some emerging countries like Kazakhstan the governments support the development of women-led SME's. For example, Kazakhstan in cooperation with EBRD executes Women in Business program. The budget of the program is $50 million. Empowerment of Women in the Corporate Sector is an international forum held in Astana, Kazakhstan. 44 percent of all businesses in Kazakhstan are Women-owned and contribute to Kazakhstan's economic development and modernization.

In order to support women and women's organizations with a view to sustainable and inclusive development, Kazakhstan held the OSCE-supported Second International Women’s Forum on Future Energy: Women, Business, and the Global Economy in August 2017. The conference also focused on the importance of teaching women new technologies as a form of social entrepreneurship.

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Kenya

Kenya has also seen significant growth for women in business - encouraging entrepreneurship by women has been an important approach to poverty in Kenya.[1][2] The government, with NGO support, has created many programs providing access to financial resources, loans, and entrepreneurial education. Two examples are the Women's Enterprise Fund enacted in 2007 and the creation of the Women's University of Science and Technology.[1] The Women's Enterprise Fund allows women greater access to small loans and financial services, such as bank accounts.[1] The Women's University of Science and Technology, which is the first all women's university in Kenya, allows women access to higher education and entrepreneurial training.[1] These type of programs have empowered women to create small to medium-size enterprises, such as in tailoring and bead-making. Kenyan society has also seen some shift in women's roles from caretakers to business owners, as called for in Vision 2030- the Kenyan government's initiative to empower women, to achieve greater gender equality, economic growth, and to alleviate poverty.[1][3][4]

However, it is shown that in order for more women in Kenya to become entrepreneurs they must first be allowed their basic rights as women, such as proper healthcare and security.[3][4] As more than 47% of the Kenyan population falls under the poverty line (the majority of these being women), they will also have to find ways to gain more capital through inclusive financial resources and limited credit discrimination in order to jump start their small-sized business.[3][1][2]

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Relevant references:

https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/User:Dalanlaughlin/Women_in_business/Bibliography?veaction=edit&preload=Template%3ADashboard.wikiedu.org_bibliography



Poverty in Kenya

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Gender inequality and poverty 

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The majority of the over 1 billion Kenyans in poverty are women living in rural settings.[5]Kenya has significant gender inequality and Kenyan women continue to advocate for their equal right to property, security, financial services, healthcare, and education.[6]

Women may still need their spouse or father's consent before accessing a healthcare provider or taking time off from their traditional household roles.[7]Most institutions providing healthcare in Kenyaafford women very little say over their own bodies; they may be forced to undergo abortions or female circumcision.[7]They also risk the chance of being reported to authorities if the physician believes that they were engaging in prostitution or drug use.[7]

Women also lack a basic education in Kenyaand very few go on to higher education. Nearly 60% of young women do not attend secondary school either because there is no school close by or the school has little in the way of educational resources.[7]Even in schools, teachers put more value on teaching boys than girls, which usually allows men to be significantly more educated and access higher levels of education, while women are left behind.[8]

Financial services and property rights are also still limited, as women have very little access to the basic needs and legal rights to start a business or live self-sufficiently.[6][9] Only 1% of Kenyan women own property and there are few women in business.[9]Women cannot open a bank account without their husband's or father's written approval, and they are rarely able to access the collateral to jump start a business. They also have little to no voice when speaking with city councils.[8]



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World Bank

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On June 15, 2018, small and medium-sized enterprises got 50 million dollar funded by World Bank. In the Kenya’s vision 2030, small and medium enterprises are the key to economic development. Although Kenya leads innovation in Africa, it has ranked at 78th out of 126 countries in accordance with the global innovation index 2018. World bank supported Kenya to address employment and stimulate economic growth, relieving poverty. Beside, world bank also has credited $200 million to Kenya to address climate and disaster problems.

Kenya Vision 2030

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Launched in 2008 by President Mwai Kibaki, Kenya Vision 2030 aims to transform Kenya into an actively modernizing middle-income country that provides a better quality of life for every Kenyan by 2030. [10][11] As the plan is based on three pillars -- economic and macro, social, and political -- Vision 2030 works to provide more democratic solutions to societal problems. Small and medium-sized businesses are seen as key to economic development; for example, Vision 2030 will make fertilizer available to small farmers by building a local fertilizer plant. In the political arena, Vision 2030 emphasizes the new 2010 Kenyan Constitution which mandates that women get 1/3 representation in parliament. [10][11] Lastly, they aim to provide more access to primary education through increased funding and reconstruction of primary schools in more rural geographic areas. [10]


Added Bibliographies for this work:

User:Dalanlaughlin/Poverty in Kenya/Bibliography

  1. ^ a b c d e f Lock, Rachel; Lawton Smith, Helen (2016-03-14). "The impact of female entrepreneurship on economic growth in Kenya". International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship. 8 (1): 90–96. doi:10.1108/ijge-11-2015-0040. ISSN 1756-6266.
  2. ^ a b Brooks, Wyatt; Donovan, Kevin; Johnson, Terence R. (October 2018). "Mentors or Teachers? Microenterprise Training in Kenya". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 10 (4): 196–221. doi:10.1257/app.20170042. ISSN 1945-7782.
  3. ^ a b c Mwobobia, Fridah Muriungi (2012-03-14). "The Challenges Facing Small-Scale Women Entrepreneurs: A Case of Kenya". International Journal of Business Administration. 3 (2). doi:10.5430/ijba.v3n2p112. ISSN 1923-4015.
  4. ^ a b "Where we are : Eastern and Southern Africa : Kenya". UN Women | Africa. Retrieved 2020-05-13.
  5. ^ Kiriti, Tabitha W.; Tisdell, Clem (June 2005). "Family size, economics and child gender preference: a case study in the Nyeri district of Kenya". International Journal of Social Economics. 32 (6): 492–509. doi:10.1108/03068290510596989. ISSN 0306-8293.
  6. ^ a b Lock, Rachel; Lawton Smith, Helen (2016-03-14). "The impact of female entrepreneurship on economic growth in Kenya". International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship. 8 (1): 90–96. doi:10.1108/ijge-11-2015-0040. ISSN 1756-6266.
  7. ^ a b c d "Women and girls, HIV and AIDS". Avert. 2015-07-20. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  8. ^ a b Mwobobia, Fridah Muriungi (2012-03-14). "The Challenges Facing Small-Scale Women Entrepreneurs: A Case of Kenya". International Journal of Business Administration. 3 (2). doi:10.5430/ijba.v3n2p112. ISSN 1923-4015.
  9. ^ a b "Where we are : Eastern and Southern Africa : Kenya". UN Women | Africa. Retrieved 2020-05-13.
  10. ^ a b c "Kenya Vision 2030 | Kenya Vision 2030". vision2030.go.ke. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  11. ^ a b UN Sustainable Development . UN Sustainable Development , sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/13118Kenya_review_Beijing20.pdf.
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