User:Cullen328/Sandbox Ansel Adams

Critique of Ansel Adams article

Ansel Easton Adams
Born	(1902-02-20)February 20, 1902 San Francisco, California, United States
Died	April 22, 1984(1984-04-22) (aged 82)
Nationality	American
Occupation(s)	Photographer and Conservationist
Spouse	Virginia Rose Best
Children	Michael, Anne
Parent(s)	Charles and Olive Adams
Website	http://www.anseladams.org http://www.anseladams.com

Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American photographer and environmentalist, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West, especially in Yosemite National Park. Only two of the seven photos listed later as "Notable" were taken in Yosemite. One of his most famous photographs was Moon and Half Dome, Yosemite National Park, California. This photo is not listed below as "Notable".

How can we judge which photos were most famous without providing a reference to the opinion of an expert?

With Fred Archer, Adams developed the Zone System as a way to determine proper exposure and adjust the contrast of the final print. The resulting clarity and depth characterized his photographs and the work of those he taught the system. Adams primarily used large-format cameras, despite their size, weight, setup time, and film cost, because their high resolution helped ensure sharpness in his images.

Adams founded the Group f/64 along with fellow photographers Edward Weston and Imogen Cunningham, which in turn created the Museum of Modern Art's department of photography. Adams's timeless and visually stunning

Are the preceeding four words a quote? Shouldn't this judgment be attributed to an expert and referenced?

photographs are reproduced on calendars, posters, and in books, making his photographs widely recognizable.

Life

Childhood

Adams was born in the Western Addition of San Francisco, California, to distinctly upper-class parents Charles and Olive Adams.

It would be good to describe where the family lived more precisely

He was an only child and was named after his uncle Ansel Easton. The Adams family came from New England, having migrated from the north of Ireland in the early 1700s, but was not connected with the Presidential Adams family.

Is this disclaimer about the Presidential family necessary? Adams is a very common surname.

His grandfather founded and built a prosperous lumber business, which his father later ran, though his father’s natural talents lay more with the? sciences than with business. Later in life, Adams would condemn that very same industry for cutting down many of the great redwood forests.

This seems an oversimplification of his critique of logging.

His mother’s family came from Baltimore and his maternal grandfather had a successful freight-hauling business but squandered his wealth in failed mining and real estate ventures in Nevada.

Ansel Adams was born in his parents' bed. When he was four years old, he was tossed face-first into a garden wall during an aftershock not the main earthquake? from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, breaking his nose. Among his earliest memories was watching the ensuing fire that destroyed much of the city a few miles away. This again raises the question of exactly where the family lived. His left-leaning broken nose was never corrected and remained crooked for his entire life. If his family was still wealthy at this time, why did they not seek medical attention?

Adams was a hyperactive child and prone to frequent sickness. He had few friends but his family home and surroundings on the heights Which heights? San Francisco has many heights. facing San Francisco Bay provided ample childhood activities. Although he had no patience for games or sports, the curious child took to nature at an early age, collecting bugs and exploring the nearby beach.Which beach? San Francisco has several beaches. His father bought a telescope and they shared the hobby enthusiastically. By hobby, I assume astronomy. Why not say so, and describe how serious the pursuit was? His parents raised him to follow the ideas of Ralph Waldo Emerson, to live a modest, moral life guided by a social responsibility to man and to nature.

After the death of his grandfather and the aftermath of the Panic of 1907, his father’s business suffered great financial losses and by 1912, the family’s standard of living had dropped sharply. After young Ansel was dismissed from several private schools for his restlessness and inattentiveness, his father decided to pull him out of school in 1915, at the age of 12. Adams was then educated by private tutors, his Aunt Mary, and by his father. During the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1915, his father insisted Is the word "insisted" justified by the sources? Which source? that, as part of his education, Adams spend a good part of each day studying the exhibits. After a while, Adams resumed and then completed his formal education by attending another private school until eighth grade. Which school did he attend?

Youth

Music became the main focus of his later youth. Possessing a photographic memory, Where's the reference for the photographic memory? If he had a photographic memory, why did he have trouble remembering when famous photos were taken? Adams quickly learned to read music and play the piano. Through a series of dedicated piano teachers, the regimen of grueling piano exercises and strict discipline quieted his hyperactivity and his musical skills blossomed. Music also provided the channeled emotional outlet he had craved. He applied himself seriously toward becoming a concert pianist.

Adams first visited Yosemite National Park in 1916 with his family. He wrote of his first view of the valley which so inspired him, “the splendor of Yosemite burst upon us and it was glorious... One wonder after another descended upon us... There was light everywhere... A new era began for me." Quotations needs references. His father gave him his first camera, a Kodak Brownie box camera, during that stay and he took his first photographs with his “usual hyperactive enthusiasm”. He returned to Yosemite on his own the following year with better cameras and a tripod. What was his second camera after Brownie? In the winter, he learned basic darkroom technique working part-time for a San Francisco photo finisher. Adams avidly read photography magazines, attended camera club meetings, and went to photography and art exhibits. With his Uncle Frank he explored the High Sierra, in summer and winter, developing the stamina and skill needed to photograph at high elevation and under difficult weather conditions. Elaborate on specific places they visited. Link to High Sierra (another article needing work).

Close-up of leaves In Glacier National Park (1942)

Is a 1942 image a good choice to accompany text describing his earliest photography?

While in Yosemite, he had frequent contact with the Best family, owners of Best's Studio, who allowed him to practice on their old square piano. In 1928, Ansel Adams married Virginia Best in Best's Studio in Yosemite Valley. Virginia inherited the studio from her artist father on his death in 1935, and the Adams continued to operate the studio until 1971. The studio, now known as the Ansel Adams Gallery, remains in the hands of the Adams family. This material jumps out of chronology and summarizes his marriage far too briefly.

At age 17, Adams joined the Sierra Club, a group dedicated to preserving the natural world's wonders and resources, and he was the custodian of the organization’s headquarters at Yosemite, Sierra Club headquarters have always been in San Francisco. Was this, as I suspect, the LeConte Memorial Lodge? for four years. He remained a member throughout his lifetime and served as a director, as did his wife. He was first elected to the Sierra Club's board of directors in 1934, and served on the board for 37 years, until 1971. Adams participated in the club's annual "high trips", and was later responsible for several first ascents in the Sierra Nevada. This section is far too short and does a poor job of decribing the essential role that the Sierra Club played in Adams' early career, and the depth of his involvment with the club his whole adult life. He was not just a celebrity director, but was intimately involved in club internal affairs for decades. For example, he was a key player in the "conservative" faction that orchestrated the ouster of David Brower as executive director in 1969. His first ascents should be listed and referenced

During 1919, he contracted the lethal influenza which ravaged the world. Adams fell seriously ill but recovered after several months to resume his outdoor life. Adding more details of this illness and its impact on him may be useful.'

During his twenties, most of his friends came from musical connections, particularly violinist and amateur photographer Cedric Wright, who became his best friend as well as his philosophical and cultural mentor. Their shared philosophy came from Edward Carpenter’s Towards Democracy, a literary work which espoused the pursuit of beauty in life and art. Adams always Every single time? carried a pocket edition with him while at Yosemite. It soon became his personal philosophy as well, as Adams later stated, “I believe in beauty. I believe in stones and water, air and soil, people and their future and their fate.” He decided that the purpose of his art from now on, whether photography or music, was to reveal that beauty to others and to inspire them to the same calling.

In summer, Adams would enjoy a life of hiking, camping, and photographing, and the rest of the year he worked to improve his piano playing, expanding his piano technique and musical expression. He also gave piano lessons to make some income, finally affording a grand piano suitable to his musical ambitions. An early piano student was mountaineer and fellow Sierra Club leader Jules Eichorn. Needs reference. I think there's one in the Eichorn article.

His first photographs were published in 1921 What was the reception? Who published them? I think it was the Sierra Club, but details and a reference are needed. and Best’s Studio began selling his Yosemite prints the following year. His early photos already showed careful composition and sensitivity to tonal balance. In letters and cards to family, he also expresses his daring This doesn't seem a neutral word. A quote and/or a reference to his "daring" would be useful. to climb to the best view points and brave the worst elements. At this point, however, Adams was still planning a career in music, even though his small hands, easily bruised by bravura Is "bravura" a formal musical term, or a non-neutral characterization? playing, limited his repertoire to practiced works which benefited from his strengths of fine touch and excellent musicality. It took seven more years, though, for Adams to finally concede that at best he might become a concert pianist of limited range, an accompanist, or a piano teacher.

In the mid-1920s, Adams experimented with soft-focus, etching, Bromoil Process, and other techniques of the pictorial photographers, such as Photo-Secession leader Alfred Stieglitz who strived to put photography on an equal artistic plane with painting by trying to mimic it. Wasn't "pictorialism" out of vogue at least a decade earlier? However, Adams steered clear of hand-coloring which was also popular at the time. Is mentioning what he didn't do relevant? Adams used a variety of lenses to get different effects, but eventually rejected pictorialism for a more realistic approach which relied more heavily on sharp focus, heightened contrast, precise exposure, and darkroom craftsmanship.

Career

The Career section is way too long and needs to be broken down into subsections, either chronologically or thematically.

In 1927, Adams contracted with whom? for his first portfolio, in his new style, which included his famous image Monolith, Is this the full name? the vertical western face of Half Dome taken with his Korona view camera What is a Korona camera? using glass plates and a dark red filter (to heighten the tonal contrasts). On that excursion, he had only one plate left and he “visualized” improper quotes? the effect of the blackened sky before risking the last shot. As he stated, “I had been able to realize a desired image: not the way the subject appeared in reality but how it felt to me and how it must appear in the finished print”. As he wrote confidently in April 1927, “My photographs have now reached a stage when they are worthy of the world’s critical examination. I have suddenly come upon a new style which I believe will place my work equal to anything of its kind.”

With the sponsorship and promotion of Albert Bender, Link needed to Bender's article. an arts-connected businessman, Adams’s first portfolio was a success (earning nearly $3,900) and soon he received commercial assignments to photograph the wealthy patrons who bought his portfolio. Adams also came to understand how important it was that his carefully crafted photos were reproduced to best effect. At Bender’s invitation, he joined the prestigious Roxburghe Club, Link needed to Roxburghe Club, and provide a solid reference an association devoted to fine printing and high standards in book arts. He learned much about printing techniques, inks, design, and layout which he later applied to other projects. Unfortunately Not a neutral word, at that time most of his darkroom work was still being done in the basement of his parents’ home, and he was somewhat limited by barely adequate equipment. Reference needed. When did he obtain "adequate" equipment and darkroom facilities?

After a cooling off period with Virginia Best during 1925–26, during which he had short-lasting relationships with various women, many of them students of colleague Cedric Wright, he married Virginia in 1928. The newlyweds moved in with his parents to save expenses. His marriage also marked the end of his serious attempt at a musical career, as well as her ambitions to be a classical singer. Why? Elaborate.

Church, Taos Pueblo (1942)

Between 1929 and 1942, Adams’s work matured Who said so? Reference needed. and he became more established. How? Didn't he still have financial problems? In the course of his 60-year career, the 1930s were a particularly productive and experimental time. Adams expanded his works, focusing on detailed close-ups as well as large forms from mountains to factories. In 1930 Taos Pueblo, Adams's second portfolio, was published with text by writer Mary Austin. In New Mexico, he was introduced to notables from Stieglitz’s circle, including painter Georgia O’Keeffe, His relationship with O'Keeffe deserves more coverage. artist John Marin, and photographer Paul Strand, all of whom created famous works during their stays in the Southwest This is an understatement.. Adams’s talkative, high-spirited nature combined with his excellent piano playing made him a hit within his enlarging circle of elite artist friends. Strand especially proved influential, sharing secrets of his technique with Adams, and finally convincing Adams to pursue photography with all his talent and energy. One of Strand’s suggestions which Adams immediately adopted was to use glossy paper rather than matte to intensify tonal values. Reference needed.

Through a friend Who? with Washington connections, Adams was able to put on his first solo museum exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution in 1931, featuring 60 prints taken in the High Sierra. He received an excellent review from the Washington Post, “His photographs are like portraits of the giant peaks, which seem to be inhabited by mythical gods." Despite his success, Adams felt he was not yet up to the standards of Strand. He decided to broaden his subject matter to include still life and close-up photos, and to achieve higher quality by “visualizing” Improper use of quotation marks? each image before taking it. He emphasized the use of small apertures and long exposures in natural light, which created sharp details with a wide range of focus, as demonstrated in Rose and Driftwood (1933), one of his finest still-life photographs. Whose expert opinion is this? Reference?

In 1932, Adams had a group show at the M. H. de Young Museum with Imogen Cunningham and Edward Weston and they soon formed Group f/64, which espoused “pure or straight photography” over pictorialism (f/64 being a very small aperture setting that gives great depth of field). The group’s manifesto stated that “Pure photography is defined as possessing no qualities of technique, composition or idea, derivative of any other art form”. In reality, “pure photography” did borrow from some of the established principles of painting, especially compositional balance and perspective, and some manipulation of subject and effect. By these standards, not only were “soft focus” lenses prohibited but Adams's earlier photo Monolith, which used a strong red filter to create a black sky, would have been considered unacceptable. Which expert made this judgment? Reference?

Following Stieglitz’s example, in 1933 Adams opened his own art and photography gallery in San Francisco which eventually became the Danysh Gallery after Adams's commitments grew too burdensome.Describe gallery business in greater detail. Adams also began to publish essays in photography magazines Such as? and wrote his first instructional book Making a Photograph in 1935.Published by whom? During the summers, he often participated in Sierra Club outings, High Trips? as a paid photographer for the group, and the rest of the year a core group of the Club members socialized regularly in San Francisco. Who were these Sierra Club members who socialized with Adams? During 1933, his first child Michael was born, followed by Anne two years later.

During the 1930s, many photographers including Dorothea Lange and Walker Evans believed they had a social obligation to reveal the harsh times of the Depression through their art. Mostly resistant Exactly how did he resist? to the “art for life’s sake” Misuse of quotation marks? movement, Adams did begin in the 1930s to deploy his photographs in the cause of wilderness preservation. Didn't his photos appear in Sierra Club publications from the very beginning? What, if anything changed? In part, he was inspired by the increasing desecration Loaded word. Needs reference to why he saw it that way. of Yosemite Valley by commercial development, including a pool hall, bowling alley, golf course, shops, and automobile traffic. He created a limited-edition book in 1938, Sierra Nevada: The John Muir Trail, as part of the Sierra Club's efforts to secure the designation of Sequoia and Kings Canyon as national parks. This book and his testimony before Congress played a vital role in the success of the effort, and Congress designated the area as a National Park in 1940.

Yosemite Valley, to me, is always a sunrise, a glitter of green and golden wonder in a vast edifice of stone and space. I know of no sculpture, painting or music that exceeds the compelling spiritual command of the soaring shape of granite cliff and dome, of patina of light on rock and forest, and of the thunder and whispering of the falling, flowing waters. At first the colossal aspect may dominate; then we perceive and respond to the delicate and persuasive complex of nature.

— Ansel Adams, The Portfolios Of Ansel Adams

What year was this quotation? Is it relevant following discussion of Sequoia and Kings Canyon?

In 1935, Adams created many new photos of the Sierra and one of his most famous Who determines what is "most famous"? An expert? Reference needed. photographs, Clearing Winter Storm, captured the entire valley Yosemite Valley? Say so. just as a winter storm relented, leaving a fresh coat of snow. After courting Stieglitz for three years, Adams gathered his recent work and had a solo show at the Stieglitz gallery “An American Place” in New York in 1936. The exhibition proved successful with both the critics Quotes from critics needed. and the buying public, and earned Adams strong praise Quote the praise from the revered Revered by Adams or by others? Clarify Stieglitz. During the balance of the 1930s, Adams took on many commercial assignments to supplement the income from the struggling Best’s Studio Implies Best's was his only other source of income. Elaborate.. Until the 1970s, Adams was financially dependent on commercial projects. Elaborate on his chronic financial problems, providing references.Some of his clients included Kodak, Fortune magazine, Pacific Gas and Electric, AT&T, and the American Trust Company. Examples needed of type of work, and links to companies. In 1939, he was named an editor of U.S. Camera, the most popular photography magazine at that time.

In 1940, Ansel put together A Pageant of Photography, the most important and largest photography show in the West to date Who said so? Reference needed. Where was it held? Who sponsored it?, attended by millions of visitors. With his wife, Adams completed a children’s book and the very successful Illustrated Guide to Yosemite Valley during 1940 and 1941. Adams also began his first serious stint of teaching in 1941 at the Art Center School of Los AngelesLink?, which included the training of military photographers. In 1943, Adams had a camera platform mounted on his station wagon, to afford him a better vantage point over the immediate foreground and a better angle for expansive backgrounds. Most of his landscapes from that time forward were made from the roof of his car rather than from summits reached by rugged hiking, as in his earlier days.

On a trip in New Mexico weeks before the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Adams shot a scene of the Moon rising above a modest village with snow-covered mountains in the background, under a dominating black sky. The photograph is one of his most famous Acoording to whom? and is named, Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico. The photograph’s fame was probably enhanced by Adams’s description in his later books of how it was made: the light on the crosses in the foreground was rapidly fading, and he could not find his exposure meter; however, he remembered the luminance of the Moon, and used it to calculate the proper exposure. Adams’s earlier account was less dramatic, stating simply that the photograph was made after sunset, with exposure determined using his Weston Master Link? meter. However the exposure was actually determined, the foreground was underexposed, the highlights in the clouds were quite dense, and the negative proved difficult to print. The initial publication of Moonrise was in U.S. Camera Annual 1943, after being selected by the "photo judge" for U.S. Camera, Edward Steichen. This gave Moonrise an audience before its first formal exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in 1944. Over nearly 40 years, Adams re-interpreted the image, his most popular by far, using the latest darkroom equipment at his disposal, making over 1,300 unique prints, most in 16″ by 20″ format. Many of the prints were made in the 1970s, finally giving Adams financial independence from commercial projects. The total value of these original prints exceeds $25,000,000; the highest price paid for a single print reached $609,600 at Sotheby's New York auction in 2006.

Evening, McDonald Lake, Glacier National Park (1942)

In September 1941, Adams contracted with the Department of the Interior to make photographs of National Parks, Indian reservations, and other locations for use as mural-sized prints for decoration of the Department’s new building. Part of his understanding with the Department was that he might also make photographs for his own use, using his own film and processing. Although Adams kept meticulous records of his travel and expenses,he was less disciplined about recording the dates of his images, and neglected to note the date of Moonrise, so it was not clear whether it belonged to Adams or to the U.S. Government. If he had a "photographic memory", why didn't he remember accurately? But the position of the Moon allowed the image to eventually be dated from astronomical calculations, and it was determined that Moonrise was made on November 1, 1941, a day for which he had not billed the Department, so the image belonged to Adams. Elmore's work took place shortly before Adams died. di Cicco's work took place after Adams died. How could these analyses be relevant to a dispute about copyright that took place decades earlier? The same was not true for many of his other negatives, including The Tetons and the Snake River, which, having been made for the Mural Project, became the property of the U.S. Government. Elaborate on Mural Project and related images - hundreds are in the public domain.

Baton practice at the Manzanar War Relocation Center, 1943

I think that there are better Manzanar images available.

Adams was distressed by the Japanese American Internment that occurred after the Pearl Harbor attack. He requested permission to visit the Manzanar War Relocation Center in the Owens Valley, at the foot of Mount Williamson. The resulting photo-essay first appeared in a Museum of Modern Art exhibit, and later was published as Born Free and Equal: The Story of Loyal Japanese-Americans. He also contributed to the war effort by doing many photographic assignments for the military, including making prints Photos? Elaborate. Are they now in the public domain? of secret Japanese installations in the Aleutians. Adams was the recipient of three Guggenheim fellowships during his career, the first in 1946 to photograph every National Park. Other dates? This series of photographs produced memorable images of “Old Faithful Geyser”, Grand Teton, and Mount McKinley.

In 1945, Adams was asked to form the first fine art photography department at the California School of Fine Arts (CSFA). Adams invited Dorothea Lange, Imogen Cunningham and Edward Weston to be guest lecturers and Minor White to be lead instructor. The photography department produced numerous Poor word choice notable photographers including Philip Hyde (photographer), Benjamen Chinn, Charles Wong, Bill Heick, Ira Latour, Cameron McCauley, Gerald Ratto and many others. Were they all students of Adams?

In 1952 Adams was one of the founders of the magazine Aperture, which was intended as a serious journal of photography showcasing its best practitioners and newest innovations. He was also a contributor to Arizona Highways, a photo-rich travel magazine which continues today. His article on Mission San Xavier del Bac, with text by longtime friend Nancy Newhall, was enlarged into a book published in 1954. This was the first of many collaborations with her. In June 1955, Adams began his annual workshops Where?, teaching thousands of students until 1981.

By the 1950s, Adams came to believe that he was on the down side of his creative life. Did he say this in public, or write this? Reference needed. He continued with commercial assignments for another twenty years and became a consultant on a monthly retainer for Polaroid Corporation, Link needed founded by good friend Edwin Land. He made thousands of photographs with Polaroid link needed products, El Capitan, Winter, Sunrise (1968) being the one he considered his most memorable. In the final twenty years of his life, the Hasselblad Link? was his camera of choice, with Moon and Half Dome (1960) being his favorite photo made with that brand of camera.

In the 1960s, a few mainstream art galleries (without a photographic emphasis) which originally would have considered photos unworthy of exhibit Reference needed alongside fine paintings decided to show Adams's images—notably the Kenmore Gallery in Philadelphia. In March 1963, Ansel Adams and Nancy Newhall accepted a commission from Clark Kerr, the President of the University of California, to produce a series of photographs of the University's campuses to commemorate its centennial celebration. The collection, titled Fiat Lux after the University's motto, was published in 1967 and now resides in the Museum of Photography at the University of California, Riverside.

In 1974, Adams had a major retrospective exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Much of his time during the 1970s was spent curating and re-printing negatives from his vault, in part to satisfy the great demand of art museums which had finally created departments of photography and desired his iconic works. He also devoted his considerable writing skills and prestige to the cause of environmentalism, focusing particularly on the Big Sur coastline of California and the protection of Yosemite from over-use. His environmental activism far preceeded the 1970s - it wasn't an avocation of old age. President Jimmy Carter commissioned Adams to make the first official portrait of a president made by a photograph. Presumably in the public domain. Why not include it?

Contributions and influence

Romantic landscape artists Albert Bierstadt and Thomas Moran portrayed the Grand Canyon and Yosemite at the end of their reign, What's the point, or the relevance to Adams? and were subsequently displaced by daredevil Not a neutral word photographers Carleton Watkins, Eadweard Muybridge, and George Fiske. How, exactly, were they "displaced"? But it was Adams's black-and-white photographs of the West which became the foremost record of what many of the National Parks were like before tourism Tourism came to Yosemite and other western National Parks long before Adams was born, and his persistent advocacy helped expand the National Park system. He skillfully used his works to promote many of the goals of the Sierra Club and of the nascent environmental movement, but always insisted that, as far as his photographs were concerned, “beauty comes first”. His stirring images are still very popular in calendars, posters, and books.

Realistic about development and the subsequent loss of habitat, Adams advocated for balanced growth, but was pained by the ravages of “progress”. He stated, “We all know the tragedy of the dustbowls, the cruel unforgivable erosions of the soil, the depletion of fish or game, and the shrinking of the noble forests. And we know that such catastrophes shrivel the spirit of the people… The wilderness is pushed back, man is everywhere. Solitude, so vital to the individual man, is almost nowhere.” Improper use of quotation marks. Specific quote needs context and date.

The Tetons and the Snake River (1942)

Adams co-founded Group f/64 with other masters like Edward Weston, Willard Van Dyke, and Imogen Cunningham. With Fred Archer, he pioneered the Zone System, a technique for translating perceived light into specific densities on negatives and paper, giving photographers better control over finished photographs. Adams also advocated the idea of visualization (which he often called ‘previsualization’, though he later acknowledged that term to be a redundancy) whereby the final image is “seen” in the mind’s eye before taking the photo, toward the goal of achieving all together the aesthetic, intellectual, spiritual, and mechanical effects desired. He taught these and other techniques to thousands of amateur photographers through his publications and his workshops. His many books about photography, including the Morgan & Morgan Basic Photo Series (The Camera, The Negative, The Print, Natural Light Photography, and Artificial Light Photography) have become classics in the field.

He was elected in 1966 a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1980 Jimmy Carter awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor. References needed. Perhaps quotes from Presidential citation.

Adams's photograph The Tetons and the Snake River has the distinction of being one of the 115 images recorded on the Voyager Golden Record aboard the Voyager spacecraft. These images were selected to convey information about humans, plants and animals, and geological features of the Earth to a possible alien civilization. Reference needed other than autobiography These photographs eloquently mirror his favorite saying, a Gaelic mantra, which states “I know that I am one with beauty and that my comrades are one. Let our souls be mountains, Let our spirits be stars, Let our hearts be worlds.”

His lasting legacy includes helping to elevate photography to an art comparable with painting and music, and equally capable of expressing emotion and beauty. As he reminded his students, “It is easy to take a photograph, but it is harder to make a masterpiece in photography than in any other art medium”.

“Ansel Adams,” wrote John Szarkowski, of the N.Y. Museum of Modern Art, “attuned himself more precisely than any photographer before him to a visual understanding of the specific quality of the light that fell on a specific place at a specific moment. For Adams the natural landscape is not a fixed and solid sculpture but an insubstantial image, as transient as the light that continually redefines it. This sensibility to the specificity of light was the motive that forced Adams to develop his legendary photographic technique.”

Death

Ansel Adams died on April 22, 1984, Where? at the age of 82 from heart failure aggravated by cancer. What type of cancer? More on his final illness would be useful. He was survived by his wife, two children (Michael born August 1933, Anne born 1935) and five grandchildren.

Publishing rights for Adams’s photographs are now handled by the trustees of The Ansel Adams Publishing Rights Trust. The full archive of Ansel Adams’s work is located at the Center for Creative Photography (CCP) at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

Discussion on his vigorous defense of his copyrights would be useful, and how the trustees (led I believe by his son Michael) have continued to defend those intellectual property rights after his death. I believe he sued Don Tresidder of the Curry Company for violating his copyrights, and that his trust is now suing the Fresno Art Museum.

John Szarkowski states in the introduction to Ansel Adams: Classic Images (1985, p. 5), "The love that Americans poured out for the work and person of Ansel Adams during his old age, and that they have continued to express with undiminished enthusiasm since his death, is an extraordinary phenomenon, perhaps even unparalleled in our country's response to a visual artist."

Awards

Should this section be renamed "Legacy", or perhaps be split into two sections?

Ansel Adams received a number of awards during his lifetime and posthumously, and there have been a few awards named for him.

Mention the awards named after him in this paragraph rather than later.

Adams received a honorary? Doctor of Arts from both Harvard and Yale universities. He was awarded the Conservation Service Award by the Department of Interior in 1968, a Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1980, the Sierra Club John Muir Award in 1963, and was inducted into the California Hall of Fame by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver in 2007.

The Minarets Wilderness in the Inyo National Forest and a 11,760-foot (3,580 m) peak therein were renamed the Ansel Adams Wilderness and Mount Ansel Adams respectively in 1985. That peak was called Mount Ansel Adams for many years previously, but the USGS made it official then. There is also another peak called Adams Minaret, which he was the first to climb.

The Sierra Club's Ansel Adams Award was established in 1971, and the Ansel Adams Award for Conservation was established in 1980 by The Wilderness Society.

Works

Notable photographs

I believe that each of his notable photographs should have its own article, which could be illustrated with a "fair use" image of that photograph. I do not believe that images of his copyrighted photos should be used to illustrate this article, since there are so many public domain photos avilable for that purpose.

The information for each photograph is taken from Adams's 1983 book Examples: The Making of 40 Photographs.

• Monolith, The Face of Half Dome, Yosemite National Park, 1927.
• Rose and Driftwood, San Francisco, California, 1932.
• Georgia O'Keeffe and Orville Cox, Canyon de Chelly National Monument, 1937.
• Clearing Winter Storm, Yosemite National Park, 1940.
• Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico, 1941.
• Winter Sunrise, Sierra Nevada, from Lone Pine, California, 1944.
• Aspens, Northern New Mexico, 1958.

The article should include a section on the auction values of his finest photos.

Photographic books

• Sierra Nevada the John Muir Trail, 1938 (reprinted 2006 as ISBN 0-8212-5717-X).
• Born Free and Equal, 1944. ISBN 1-893343-05-7.
• Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada, text from writings of John Muir, 1948.
• The Land of Little Rain, text by Mary Austin, 1950.
• This is the American Earth, with Nancy Newhall, 1960 (Sierra Club Books. (reprinted by Bulfinch, ISBN 0-8212-2182-5)
• These We Inherit: The Parklands of America, with Nancy Newhall, 1962.
• The Eloquent Light (unfinished biography of Adams by Nancy Newhall), 1963.
• Polaroid Land Photography, 1978. ISBN 0-8212-0729-6.
• Ansel Adams: Classic Images, 1986. ISBN 0-8212-1629-5.
• Our Current National Parks, 1992.
• Ansel Adams: In Color, 1993. ISBN 0-8212-1980-4.
• Photographs of the Southwest, 1994. ISBN 0-8212-0699-0.
• The National Park Photographs, 1995. ISBN 0-89660-056-4.
• Yosemite, 1995. ISBN 0-8212-2196-5.
• California, 1997. ISBN 0-8212-2369-0.
• America's Wilderness, 1997. ISBN 1-56138-744-4.
• Ansel Adams at 100, 2001. ISBN 0-8212-2515-4.
• Born Free and Equal, 2002. ISBN 1-893343-05-7.
• Ansel Adams: The National Park Service Photographs, 2005. ISBN 978-0-89660-056-0.
• Ansel Adams: The Spirit of Wild Places, 2005. ISBN 1-59764-069-7.
• Ansel Adams: 400 Photographs, 2007. ISBN 978-0316117722.

Technical books

• Making a Photograph, 1935.
• Camera and Lens: The Creative Approach, 1948. ISBN 0-8212-0716-4
• The Negative: Exposure and Development, 1948. ISBN 0-8212-0717-2
• The Print: Contact Printing and Enlarging, 1950. ISBN 0-8212-0718-0
• Natural Light Photography, 1952. ISBN 0-8212-0719-9
• Artificial Light Photography, 1956. ISBN 0-8212-0720-2
• Examples: The Making of 40 Photographs, 1983. ISBN 0-8212-1750-X
• The Camera, 1995. ISBN 0-8212-2184-1
• The Negative, 1995. ISBN 0-8212-2186-8
• The Print, 1995. ISBN 0-8212-2187-6

See also

• Charles Hitchcock Adams, Ansel Adams's father, an amateur astronomer
• Allied Arts Guild, in Menlo Park, California, where Adams took commercial photographs of artists' work
• Zone System, a unique approach to film exposure and development invented by Ansel Adams and Fred Archer in 1939–1940
• Nature photography

Notes

The "Notes" section should be renamed "References", and the "References" section renamed "Outside Sources" or something like that. In my opinion, the references (notes) listed above rely too heavily on Adams' own autobiography (which was co-authored by Alinder), and on Alinder's later biography. Without a doubt, Alinder is an excellent source, but she is in the business of selling work by Adams. I believe that use of an autobiography as a reference should be limited to the thoughts and opinions of the subject, and that factual references should be obtained elsewhere. References from general works on fine art photography would help provide a broader view.

References

• "5 prints of "Moonrise", 1941–1975". Andrew Smith Gallery.
• Adams, Ansel (1985). Ansel Adams, an Autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0821215965.
• Adams, Ansel (1981). The Negative. Boston: Little Brown. ISBN 0821211315.
• Adams, Ansel (1989). Examples. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 082121750X.
• Alinder, Mary (1996). Ansel Adams. New York: H. Holt. ISBN 0805041168.
• Alinder, Mary; Stillman, Andrea; Adams, Ansel; Stegner, Wallace (1988). Ansel Adams: Letters and Images 1916–1984. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0821216910.
• "Ansel Adams and the Sierra Club: About Ansel Adams". Sierra Club. 2008. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
• "Ansel Adams at the Phoenix Art Museum". ARTINFO. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
• Wright, Peter; Armor, John (1988). The Mural Project. Santa Barbara: Reverie Press. ISBN 1558241620.
• Read, Michael, editor. Ansel Adams, New light: Essays on His Legacy and Legend (1993), The Friends of Photography, San Francisco.
• Stillman, Andrea G. (2007). 400 Photographs. New York, New York: Little, Brown. p. 12. ISBN 9780316117722.
• Steichen, Edward (1942). Maloney, T.J (ed.). U.S. Camera 1943 Annual. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce.

External links

• Works by or about Cullen328/Sandbox Ansel Adams in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• History of Ansel Adams Ansel Adams (1902–1984).
• PBS Documentary: Ansel Adams Transcript of the Ric Burns feature documentary Ansel Adams (2002).
• Official Family-Owned Website of Ansel Adams Ansel Adams — Museum Graphics.
• Official Site of Ansel Adams Ansel Adams Gallery.
• Ansel Adams Memorial Grove A restoration and preservation project of Ansel Adams in San Francisco.
• American Memory — Ansel Adams "Suffering Under a Great Injustice" Ansel Adams's Photographs of Japanese-American Internment at Manzanar From the American Memory Collection of the Library of Congress.
• Ansel Adams- 1930 Census Record at Star Census
• Picturing the Century — Ansel Adams Selection of photos at the National Archives.
• Records of the National Park Service — Ansel Adams Photographs 226 high-resolution photographs from National Archives Still Picture Branch.
• All Ansel Adams Images Online Center for Creative Photography (CCP) CCP at the University of Arizona has released a digital catalog of all Adams's images.

{{Persondata |NAME=Adams, Ansel Easton |ALTERNATIVE NAMES= |SHORT DESCRIPTION=American photographer |DATE OF BIRTH=February 20, 1902 |PLACE OF BIRTH=San Francisco, California |DATE OF DEATH=April 22, 1984 |PLACE OF DEATH=