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Matthevia

This list of prehistoric chitons is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be polyplacophora, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered chitons.

Naming conventions and terminology

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Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

  • Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
  • Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
  • Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
  • Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
  • Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

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Genus Authors Year Status Age Location Notes
Acanthochitona Gray 1821 valid Late Miocene to Middle Pleistocene [A]
Acanthopleura Guilding 1829 valid Pleistocene to present [A][B]
Acutichiton Hoare et al. 1972 valid Kashirian to Virgilian [A]
Afossochiton valid Early Miocene to Pliocene [A][B]
Allochiton valid Hettangian to Sinemurian [A][B]
Amicula valid Pleistocene to present [A][B]
Arcochiton Hoare and Sturgeon 1976 valid Kashirian to Leonard [A]
Aulochiton valid Early Maastrichtian to Early Maastrichtian [A][B]
Austrochiton valid Mid Miocene to Mid Miocene [A][B]
Beloplaxus valid Devonian to Devonian [A][B]
Bursata valid Caradoc to Caradoc [A][B]
Calceochiton valid Tremadocian to Tremadocian [A][B]
Callistochiton Carpenter 1879 valid Quaternary [A]
Callochiton Gray 1847 valid Late Oligocene to present [A][B]
Camptochiton Debrock et al. 1984 valid Kashirian to Myachkovian [A]
Chaetopleura Shuttleworth 1853 valid Early Miocene to Middle Pleistocene [A]
Chauliochiton Hoare and Smith 1984 valid Wolfcamp [A]
Chelodes Davidson and King 1874 valid Warendian to Lochkovian [A]
Chiton
Cobcrephora valid Caradoc to Ludlovian [A][B]
Colapterochiton valid Bashkirian to Early Moscovian [A][B]
Coryssochiton Debrock et al. 1984 valid Kashirian to Myachkovian [A]
Craspedochiton Shuttleworth 1853 valid Early Oligocene to present [A][B]
Crenatolorica valid Late Ladinian to Late Ladinian [A][B]
Cryptochiton Middendorff 1847 valid Late Pleistocene [A]
Cryptoconchus valid Pliocene to present [A][B]
Cryptoplax Blainville 1818 valid Early Miocene to Late Miocene [A]
Cyanoplax valid Quaternary [A]
Cymatochiton valid Visean to Guadelupian [A][B]
Elachychiton valid Early Serpukhovian to Early Serpukhovian [A][B]
Eochelodes valid Caradoc to Caradoc [A][B]
Eudoxochiton Shuttleworth 1853 valid Pleistocene to present [A][B]
Eulachychiton valid Early Serpukhovian to Early Serpukhovian [A][B]
Euleptochiton valid Emsian to Emsian [A][B]
Glaphurochiton valid Artinskian [A]
Glyptochiton valid Tournaisian to Serpukhovian [A][B]
Gotlandochiton Bergenhayn 1955 valid Arenig to Sheinwoodian [A]
Gryphochiton Gray 1847 valid Wolfcamp to Leonard [A]
Guildingia valid Early Miocene to present [A][B]
Haeggochiton valid Early Campanian to Early Campanian [A][B]
Hanleya valid Late Oligocene to present [A][B]
Hawthorneachiton valid Ludlovian to Ludlovian [A][B]
Helminthochiton Salter 1846 valid Shermanian to Wuchiapingian [A]
Hemithecella Butts 1941 valid Trempealeauan to Deming [A]
Heterochiton valid Sinemurian to Sinemurian [A][B]
Ischnochiton Gray 1847 valid Middle Pleistocene [A]
Ivoechiton valid Arenig to Early Campanian [A][B]
Katharina valid Pliocene to present [A][B]
Kindbladochiton valid Early Arenig to Early Arenig [A][B]
Laculina valid Mid Miocene to present [A][B]
Lavenachiton valid Mid Miocene to Mid Miocene [A][B]
Lekiskochiton Hoare and Smith 1984 valid Leonardian to Guadelupian [A][B]
Lepidochitona Gray 1821 valid Danian to present [A][B]
Lepidopleurus Gray 1847 valid Mid Eocene to present [A][B]
Lepidozona Pilsbry 1892 valid Langhian to Quaternary [A]
Leptochiton
Lirachiton valid Early Pliocene to present [A][B]
Llandeilochiton valid Llandeilo to Llandeilo [A][B]
Loboarochiton valid Early Tournaisian to Early Tournaisian [A][B]
Lorica Adams and A 1852 valid Maastrichtian to present [A][B]
Loricella Pilsbry 1893 valid Holocene [A]
Matthevia Walcott 1885 valid Franconian [A]
Mesochiton valid Early Jurassic to Early Jurassic [A][B]
Notoplax Adams 1861 valid Early Miocene to present [A][B]
Nuttallina valid Pleistocene to present [A][B]
Ochmazochiton Hoare and Smith 1984 valid Sakmarian to Leonardian [A][B]
Olingechiton valid Early Campanian to Early Campanian [A][B]
Onithochiton Gray 1847 valid Late Pliocene to present [A][B]
Oochiton valid Mid Miocene to Mid Miocene [A][B]
Paleochiton valid Arenig to Arenig [A][B]
Pedanochiton Debrock et al. 1984 valid Kashirian to Myachkovian [A]
Permochiton valid Permian to Permian [A][B]
Pileochiton Debrock et al. 1984 valid Kashirian to Myachkovian [A]
Placiphorella Carpenter 1879 valid Quaternary [A]
Plaxiphora Gray 1847 valid Eocene to present [A][B]
Praecanthochiton Bergenhayn 1960 valid Early Trempealeauan to Early Tremadocian [A][B]
Priscochiton valid Caradoc to Caradoc [A][B]
Probolaeum valid Eifelian to Eifelian [A][B]
Proleptochiton valid Carboniferous to Carboniferous [A][B]
Protalochiton valid Early Carboniferous to Early Carboniferous [A][B]
Protochiton valid Langhian [A]
Pseudoischnochiton valid Early Miocene to Early Miocene [A][B]
Pterochiton Carpenter 1882 valid Meramecian to Leonard [A]
Pterygochiton valid Sinemurian to Pleinsbachian [A][B]
Rhyssoplax Thiele 1893 invalid [A] Rank changed to subgenus, name to Chiton (Rhyssoplax)
Sarkachiton valid Arenig to Caradoc [A][B]
Scanochiton valid Early Campanian to Early Campanian [A][B]
Schizochiton Gray 1847 valid Early Miocene to Late Miocene [A]
Septemchiton valid Maysvillian to Richmondian [A]
Soleachiton Hoare and Smith 1984 valid Kungurian [A]
Solenocaris valid Caradoc to Caradoc [A][B]
Spicuchelodes Cherns 1998 valid Rocklandian [A]
Stegochiton Hoare and Smith 1984 valid Sakmarian to Sakmarian [A][B]
Stenoplax valid Lutetian to Quaternary [A]
Tonicella valid Late Pleistocene [A]
Tonicia Gray 1847 valid Late Miocene to Holocene [A]
Trachypleura valid Early Anisian to Early Anisian [A][B]

See also

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References

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  • Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (POLYPLACOPHORA)". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
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