User:Clown prince of serendip/edits for transnational governance

European Union context

Transnational governance, within a European Union framework, is both a subset of governance in general and an application of it to situations outside its usual limits of corporate or governmental hierarchies, whether regional or national. When such disparate hierarchies within the EU find common goals, typically within a conterminous geographic area, they seek to achieve them by integrating their various policies and activities. The goals of transnational governance, especially for areas previously divided by the Iron Curtain or pre-EU barriers to free trade and movement of peoples, is to foster economic and social development.

The economic development could be defined as the increased of wealth of a country or a region and the social development could be loosely defined as the improvements of quality of living for the population. Economic and social are, or at least should be, inseparable concepts. Why reach a high economic development if the inhabitants living in the area don’t see any benefits of that improvement?

Reach social and economic developments are already a challenging but it’s even more challenging in a transnational area such as the greater region. Some projects were created in order to foster these developments. The operational program Interreg IV A, “grande region” has for main objectives to make the greater region more attractive, encourage innovation, improve the numbers of high quality jobs, etc.

The improvement of the economic and social situation could be analysed through the example of the Vienna-Bratislava-Györ triangle which is a cross border are including involving three different countries (Slovakia, Austria and Hungary) that once were part of the same empire. Good governance could lead to the adoption of a common identity which could lead to mutual support between people, companies or authorities sharing this common identity. Concretely, we observe a high amount of Foreign direct investments (FDI) coming from Austria in order to develop the general situation of Slokia and Hungary. This is very well descript in this citation of Tatzberger (2007) : “Foreign direct investments (FDI) play an important role in restructuring and improving the competitiveness of industry and manufacturing by helping to raise productivity and to expand exports. It has been one of the driving forces behind industrial restructuring in Hungary and Slovakia”

However, it has to be said to huge economic and social disparities could be seen a real threat to the process leading to the creation of a common identity. For instance, the migration of workers stays underdeveloped because of Austrian fears and restrictions. On one side workers mobility is seen as an important force in enhancing economic integration of the region but on the other side it could lead to real changes in the social structure especially in Austria due to the migration of very low qualified workers. An important brain drain could also appear which will make highly decrease the number of educated people who could have been able to develop and teach regional strategic development plan.

References

1.Introduction

The aim of this stub is to provide a definition of the transnational governance. This task is quite challenging because the basis of the concept of governance is still broadly discussed. Thus, this article should be seen as an opening on the debate of transnational governance.

The concept of transnational governance is seen by many as a rather new category of governance. But it’s not because few or no literature are available on a precise topics that this topics didn’t exist.

2.Towards a precise definition of transnational governance

a. History of the governance concept

The concept of governance is seen by a large proportion as a rather new theory. But it’s not because few or no literature are available on a precise topics that this topics didn’t exist.

The effects of gravity were presents before the finding of Newton about the theory on the universal gravity law. In other words the first action linked to governance could be as old as the human being.

b. Definition of governance

Give a clear definition of governance, its utility and complexity is rather complex. In order to get a general idea, a good starting point is to consider the amount of existing literature.

- "It has been suggested that good governance, by promoting more efficient divisions of labor, more productive investment and faster implementation of social and economic polices, will lead to higher economic growth" (United Nations 2005).

- Good governance is currently recognise as one of the Millennium Development Goals.

Lots of others definitions are available, among others this internal link which propose interesting material Governance

c. The transnational governance as a new concept

The transnational governance could be seen as sub topic even more new or complicate. However the general basis of the concept of governance stays correct even for a transnational type of governance. Of course, some particularities have to be found and analysed in order to ensure good governance for transnational area where this could lead to huge changes.

3. Practical cases

a. The greater region

the greater region is a transnational area which involve Luxembourg, Belgium Germany and France. This area is characterised, among other, by a very high number of cross-border commuters who work in Luxembourg. This phenomenon who threat the equilibrium of the greater region could be attributed to the high land prices, high number of jobs available and high salaries in Luxembourg.

b. The Vienna-Bratislava-Gyor triangle

This Vienna-Bratislava-Györ triangle is a transnational area involving three different countries that once were part of the same empire, but then were separated at the end of WWI. Furthermore, they were divided even as neighbours by the Iron Curtain at the end of WWII and one, Slovakia gained independence only in 1993 in its “Velvet Divorce” from the Czech Republic.

4. Outcomes of a good transnational governance

Reach good transnational governance could lead to real economic, social improvements as well as alleviating poverty, eliminating illiteracy or reducing infant and maternal mortality in deprived area. These transnational improvements could be much easier to reach if the countries involved in this kind of multi-national area share a common identity.

[edit] Internal link Governance

[edit] Reference Gabriele Tatzberger, Territorial Cohesion and the European Model of Society (Book), The Vienna-Bratislava-Györ Triangle The European Model of Society in Action, edited by Andreas Faludi

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