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This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 40 running from name Myllar to name Nicholls.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

  • Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
  • Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
  • Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 40 Myllar - Nicholls. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

  • piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
  • descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
  • both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

  • Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
  • Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
  • Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
  • Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

  • {{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: [link currently leads to a wrong person]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text [disambiguation needed]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - checkY
  • {{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - checkY checkY
  • {{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - checkY ☒N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.


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  1. ^ Androw Myllar (fl. 1503–1508), the first Scottish printer; a bookseller, who published Joannes de Gar land ia's Multorum vocabulorum equiuocorum interpretatio 1505, and Expositio Sequentiarum 1506, both of which were printed abroad; in partnership with Walter Chepman set up a printing press in Edinburgh, 1507; issued The Maying or Disport of Chaucer 1508.
  2. ^ Alexander Mylne or Myln (1474–1548?), abbot of Cambuskenneth and president of the court of session in Scotland; graduated from St. Andrews, 1494; canon of Aberdeen; dean of Angus; abbot of Cambuskenueth, 1517; lord of the articles, 1532-42; president of the court of session, 1632-48; wrote a history of the bishops of Dunkeld, and collected the records of Cambuskenneth.
  3. ^ Alexander Mylne (1613–1643), sculptor; son of John Mylne (d. 1657); assisted his brother, John Mylne (1611-1667)
  4. ^ James Mylne (d. 1788), poet ; his ' Poems, consisting of Miscellaneous Pieces and two Tragedies published, 1790.
  5. ^ John Mylne or Myln (d. 1621), mason ; greatnephew of Alexander Mylne (1474-1548?); mastermason in Scotland before 1684; repaired the Dundee harbour works; built bridge over the Tay, 1604-17 (destroyed, 1621).
  6. ^ John Mylne (d. 1657), mason ; son of John Mylne (d. 1621); engaged on the present steeple of the Tolbooth at Aberdeen, 1622-9, on fortifications at Dundee, 1643-51; master-mason, 1631-6.
  7. ^ John Mylne (1611–1667), mason ; son of John Mylne (d. 1657); principal master-mason, 1636; designed Tron Church (opened, 1647), partly built Heriot's Hospital, 1643-69, and Edinburgh College, 1646-7; served with the covenanters, 1640; master-gunner of Scotland, 1646; sat on Edinburgh town council, 1655-64; M.P., Edinburgh, 1662-3.
  8. ^ Robert Mylne (1633–1710), mason : son of Alexander Mylne (1613-1643); master-mason, 1668; reclaimed the foreshore and constructed the sea-wall at Leith, 1669-86; superintended building of Holyrood Palace, 1670-9; erected many stone buildings in the principal streets of Edinburgh, and built Mylne's Mount one of the bastions in Edinburgh Castle.
  9. ^ Robert Mylne (1643?–1747), writer of pasquils and antiquary; collected public records; notorious for his bitter political squibs against the whigs.
  10. ^ Robert Mylne (1734–1811), architect and engineer; son of Thomas Mylne; studied at Rome, 1754-8; travelled through Switzerland and Holland, 1759; constructed Blackfriars Bridge, 1700-9; engaged in many architectural and engineering works in England and Scotland: designed the Gloucester and Berkeley Canal, and an improvement to the fen level drainage by the Ban Brink Cut; surveyor of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1766; engineer to the New River Company, 1770-1811: F.R.8., 1767; original member of the Architect Club, 1791.
  11. ^ Robert William Mylne (1817–1890), architect, engineer, and geologist; son of William Chadwell Mylne; engineer to the Limerick water works; wrote on artesian wells and the geology of London.
  12. ^ Thomas Mylne (d. 1763), city surveyor of Edinburgh; son of William Mylne (1662-1788)
  13. ^ Walter Mylne or Miln (d. 1558), martyr; imbibed protestant doctrines in Germany, and waa condemned as a heretic before 1546; fled abroad, but in 1558 was burnt as a heretic at St. Andrews.
  14. ^ William Mylne (1662–1728), master-mason ; son of Robert Mylne (1638-1710)
  15. ^ William Mylne (d. 1790), architect; son of Thomas Mylne; architect to city of Edinburgh, 1765; built the North Bridge, Edinburgh, 1765-72.
  16. ^ William Chadwell Mylne (1781–1863), engineer and architect: son of Robert Mylne (1734-1811) ; engineer to the New River Company, 1811-61; much engaged in engineering projects in connection with water-supply and drainage; F.R.A.S., 1821; F.R.S., 1826; F.R.I.B.A., 1834; M.I.C.E., 1842.
  17. ^ Sir Christopher Myngs (1626–1666), viceadmiral; entered the navy when young; captain, 1653; captured a fleet of Dutch merchant-vessels, 1663; served in Jamaica, 1665-64; knighted, 1666; led the van on the fourth day of the battle off the North Foreland, 1-4 June 1666, and was mortally wounded.
  18. ^ Alfred Mynn (1807–1861), cricketer; originally a hop merchant; became a cricketer, 1832: played for the Gentlemen, Kent, and All England; the first fast round-arm bowler of eminence.
  19. ^ Robert Mynors (1739–1806), surgeon; practised at Birmingham; wrote on surgery.
  20. ^ Geffray Mynshul (1694?–1668). See Minshull.
  21. ^ Myrddin Emrys. See Merlin Ambrosius.
  22. ^ Myrddin Wyltt , i.e. The Mad (fl. 580?) legendary Welsh poet; erroneously credited with six poems printed in the Myvyrian Archaiology; has been improbably identified with Merlin Ambrosius and Merlin Silvester or Celidonlus.
  23. ^ Daniel Mytens (1690?–1642) portrait-painter; born at the Hague; member of the Guild of St. Luke, 1610; came to England before 1618; becameking's painter on Charles I's accession; painted portraits of the court and nobility and copied old masters; returned to Holland, 1630, and died there.
  24. ^ John Mytton (1796–1834), sportsman and eccentric; of Westminster School; served in the army, 1816-17; M.P., Shrewsbury, 1818-20; high sheriff for Shropshire and Merionethshire; a great sportsman; ran through a fortune and died of delirium tremens in the King's Bench prison.
  25. ^ Thomas Mytton (1597?–1656), parliamentarian; of Balliol College, Oxford; student of Lincoln's Inn, 1616; a prominent parliamentarian in Shropshire; seized, and became governor of Wem, 1643, and Oswestry, 1644, and captured Shrewsbury, 1645; commander-in-chief and vice-admiral in North Wales, 1646; recovered Anglesea from the royalists, 1648-9; member of the court-martial which condemned the Earl of Derby, 1661; represented Shropshire in Cromwell's first parliament
  26. ^ Owain Myvyr (1741–1814). See Owen Jones.
  27. ^ Baron Naas. See Richard Southwell Bourke, sixth Earl of Mayo (1822-1872).
  28. ^ Thomas Nabbes (fl. 1688), dramatist; matrifron Exeter College, Oxford, 1621, but left withouta i ; settled in London, e. 1680; wrote passable comedies on the foibles of middle-class society; excelled as of masques, two of which, with *me occasional I era pubUfthed (1689) as The Spring's Glory: his works, excepting his continuation of llichanl .. Generall Historie of the Turkes from 1628 to 1687, privately printed by Mr. A. H. Bullen, 1887 (2 vols.).
  29. ^ Constance Caroline Woodhill Naden (1858-1889); poetess; disciple of Robert Lewins from n, 1881-7; Induction and Deduction? 188f; sympathised with Herbert Spencer's philosophy: adopted a system of Hylo-Idealism; Her pOBmTwere published in 1881 and 1887.
  30. ^ Joseph Nadin (1765–1848), deputy-constable of Manchester; a successful cotton-spinner: when deputy (1801-21) became very unpopular through his iroura to repress popular claims.
  31. ^ Maud Naftel (1856–1890), daughter of Paul Jacob Naftel: painted flowers in water-colour.
  32. ^ Paul Jacob Nafte (1817-1891), painter; native of Guernsey; came to London, 1870; exhibited scenery at theOld Society of Painters in Water-colours, 1856-91 (member, 18M).
  33. ^ Sir Edmund Nagle (1757–1830), admiral; relative of Edmund Burke; entered navy, 1770; commander, 1782; knighted, 1794; vice-admiral, 1810; governor of Newfoundland, 1818; K.C.B., 1815; admiral, 1819; intimate with the prince regent (George IV).
  34. ^ Nano Nagle or Honora (1728–1784), foundress of the Presentation order of nuns; devoted herself to the poor of Ireland from 1750, and started schools for Roman catholic girla of the poorer classes in Cork, 1771, founding the Order of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, 1775; the rules were approved by Pope Pius VI, 1791, and confirmed, 1805.
  35. ^ Sir Richard Nagle (fl. 1689–1691), attorney-general; regarded by Lord-deputy Clarendon as the authorised representative of the Irish Roman catholics; privy councillor, knighted, and attorney-general for Ireland, 1686; active in destroying protestant corporations and churches; speaker of the 1689 parliament; took part in repealing the Act of Settlement and passing the great Act of Attainder; became secretary to James II, and after the battle of the Boyue (1690) urged the defeated king's flight to France; followed him after the surrender of Limerick, 1691, and probably died abroad.
  36. ^ Baroness Nairne . See Margaret Mercer Elphinstone (1788–1867).
  37. ^ Carolina Nairne, Baroness Nairne (1766-1845), Scottish ballad-writer; nee Oliphant; began to write, 1792; married Major William Murray Nairne, 1806, who became fifth Baron Nairne, 1824; travelled on the .-ontimiit, 1884-7 and 1888-44; ranks with Hogg in her Jacobite songs, and approaches Burns in her humorous ballads and pathetic songs; her poems, anonymous in her lifetime, were collected and published as Lays from Strathearn 184. The beat known are Land othe Leal Caller HerrinY nd Charlie is my darling
  38. ^ Sir Charles Edward Nairne (1836–1899), lieutenant-general; lieutenant, Bengal artillery, 1858; Moond captain, royal artillery, 1865; major, 1872; lieutenant-colonel, 1880; commanded horse artillery in Egypt, W: O.B., 1882; inspector-general of artilkry in India, 17-M; major-general, 1890; held chief Command in Bombay, 1898: lieutenant-general, 1895; K.C.B., 1897; acting oommanili-r-iii-i-hii-f in In.lm, 1898.
  39. ^ Edward Nairne (1742?-1799), attorney and supervisor of customs at Sandwich; published hmnorm poetry.
  40. ^ Edward Nairne (1726–1806), electrician; an instrument-maker in Oornhill, who constructed and patented, on plans supplied by Priestley, Nairne's H trical machine 1782; F.R.S.. 1776; contributed scientific papers to the Philosophical Transactions
  41. ^ John Nairne , third Baron Nairne (d. 1770), Jacobite; son of William Nairne, second baron Nairne ; taken prisoner at Preston, 1715; held a command in the 1746 rebellion; escaped after Oulloden and died in France.
  42. ^ Sir Robert Nairne, of Strathord, first Baron Nairne (1600–1683), imprisoned in the Tower of London, 1651-60; lord of session and knighted, 1661; appointed a criminal judge, 1671; created Baron Nairne, 1681.
  43. ^ William Nairne , second Baron Nairne (rf. 1724), son of John Murray, first marquis of Atholl; succeeded his father-in-law, Sir Robert Nairne, first baron Nairne, 1683, and assumed his name; opposed the union, 1707; taken prisoner at Preston, 1715; death sentence passed on him but remitted.
  44. ^ Sir William Nairne, Lord Dunsinane (1731?1811), Scottish judge; admitted advocate, 1755; joint commissary clerk of Edinburgh, 1758; lord of session, 1786; lord of the justiciary court, 1792.
  45. ^ John Naish (1841–1890), lord chancellor of Ireland; B.A. Dublin University; called to the Irish bar, 1865; Q.C., 1880; solicitor-general for Ireland, 1883; attorney-general, 1884; Irish privy councillor and lord chancellor of Ireland. May to July 1886 and February to June 1886; died at Ems.
  46. ^ William Naish (d. 1800), miniature-painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1783-1800.
  47. ^ William Naish (1785–1860), quaker writer; haberdasher in Gracechurch Street, London; published anti-slavery tracts and pamphlets.
  48. ^ John Nalson (1638?–1686), historian and royalist pamphleteer; LL.D. Cambridge, 1678; rector of Doddington, Isle of Ely; prebendary of Ely, 1684; an active polemical writer on the side of the government, 1677-83: published two volumes (extending only to January 1642) of his only important work, * Impartial Collection of the Great Affairs of State, from the beginning of the Scotch Rebellion in the year 1639 to the Murder of Charles I 1682 and 1683. His valuable collections of manuscripts were gradually broken up.
  49. ^ James Nalton (1600?–1662), 'the weeping prophet; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1623; incumbent of Rugby, 1632-42, of St Leonard's, Foster Lane, London, 1644-62; concerned in Love's plot, 1651.
  50. ^ John Nanfan (d. 1716), captain ; a descendant of Sir Richard Nanfan; lieutenant-governor of New York, 1697-1702; returned to England, 1706.
  51. ^ Sir Richard Nanfan or Nanphant (d. 1507), deputy of Calais; J.P. for Cornwall, 1485: received frequent grants; knighted, 1488; sent on a mission to Portugal, 1489; deputy at Calais; patron of Thomas Wolsey
  52. ^ Richard Nangle (d. 1541?), bishop of Clonfert : D.D. and provincial of the Augustiuians in Ireland; was made bishop of Clonfert by Henry VIII, 1636, but never occupied the see.
  53. ^ Dafydd Nanmor (fl. 1400), Welsh bard ; sang the honour of the house of Gogerddan (Cardiganshire).
  54. ^ Dafydd Nanmor (fl. 1480), bard ; son of Rhys Nanmor
  55. ^ Rhys Nanmor (fl. 1440), Welsh bard; probably sou of Dafydd Nanmor (. 1400)
  56. ^ Bardd Nantglyn . See Robert Davies (1769?-1835).
  57. ^ Sir Alexander Napier (d. 1473?), second of Merchiston, oomptroller of Scotland; belonged to the household of the queen-mother, Joan Beaufort; comptroller of the household, 1449-61; ambassador to England, 1461-61; knighted and made vice-admiral before 1461; negotiated a marriage between James III and Margaret of Denmark, 1468; sent on special embassies to Bruges, 1472, and Burgundy, 1473.
  58. ^ Alexander Napier (1814–1887), editor: of Trinity College, Cambridge; son of Macvey Napier (q. v.); vicar of Holkham, 1847-87: edited Barrow's works, 1869, anl Boswell's Johnson 1886.
  59. ^ Sir Archibald Napier (1534–1608), seventh of Merchiston, master of the Scottish mint; knighted, 1566; master of the mint, 1576; frequently acted on religious commissions; commissioner 'anent the cunzie' in London, 1604; interested in the mining industry,
  60. ^ Sir Archibald Napier , first Baron Napier (1576-1645), ninth of Merchiston, treasurer-depute of Scotland; son of John Napier; educated at Glasgow University; devoted special attention to agriculture; accompanied James VI to England, 1603: privy councillor, 1615; treasurer-depute of Scotland, 1622-31: created baronet, 1625, and a peer of Scotland, 1627; subscribed Charles I's confession at Holyrood, 1638; assisted Montrose todraw up the bond of Cumbernauld, 1640, for which he was imprisoned, 1641, but released with a caution, 1641; confined at Edinburgh and Linlithgow, 1644, on account of his sympathies with Montrose, who liberated him after the victory of Kilsyth, 1645; fled to Atholl after the defeat of Montroee at Philiphaugb.
  61. ^ Archibald Napier , second Baron Napier (d. 1658), tenth of Merchiston; son of Sir Archibald Napier, first baron; left his confinement in Holyrood to join Montrose, 1645; distinguished himself at battles of Auldearn and Alford, 1645: succeeded his father, 1645; subsequently communicated with Montroae from the continent; excluded from Scotland, 1650, and from Cromwell's Act of Grace, 1654; died in Holland.
  62. ^ Sir Charles Napier (1786–1860), admiral : entered navy, 1799; lieutenant, 1805; commander, 1807; captain, 1809; actively engaged (1811-13) in stopping the coasting-trade on the west coast of Italy; distinguished himself in the expeditions against Alexandria and Baltimore, 1814; C.B., 1815; travelled over the continent, and (1819) endeavoured to promote iron steamers on the Seine; appointed to the Galatea frigate, 1829; sent to watch over British interests in the Azores, 1831, being brought thereby into close connection with Portuguese affairs; accepted command of Portuguese fleet to serve Dona Maria, 1833; sighted the squadron of Dom Miguel off Cape St. Vincent, and, in spite of disparity of forces, won a very creditable victory (1833), for which he was ennobled in the Portuguese peerage as Viscount Cape St. Vincent: obtained leave after the surrender of Lisbon to attack the northern ports, where he raised the siege of Oporto and secured the Entre-Douro-e-Minho, 1834; received in triumph at Oporto and created Count Cape St. Vincent; obtained the surrender of Figuera and Ourem, on which the civil war ended: resigned on account of the rejection of his scheme for the government of the navy, and returned to England, 1835; published an account of the war, 1836; sent to reinforce Sir Robert Stopford in the Mediterranean as commodore. 1839; atBeyrout(1840) given command of the land forces; when prepared for attack received orders to retire and hand over the command, but, judging a retreat to be disastrous, fought and won a victory, which resulted in the immediate evacuation of Beyrout; caused general dissatisfaction by his disregard of orders; signed a convention with Mohammed AH without authority and without consulting the admiral, 1840, the convention being repudiated, but adopted as the basis of negotiations; K.C.B. and decorated by the European powers, 1840; M.P., Marylebone, is 11; published a somewhat inaccurate 4 History of the War in Syria 1842; rear-admiral and commander of the Channel fleet, 1846; vice-admiral, 1863: commanded in the Baltic, 1854; declined the G.C.B., 1856; M.P., Soathurk, 1855; admiral, 1858.
  63. ^ Sir Charles James Napier (178J-18S3). conqueror of si rid (Srinde); son of Geonre Napier; obtained commission and wan promoted lieutenant, 1794; aide-de-camp to Sir James Duff q. v.L 17W. and to I,-H,T.,! Uwvd Pox, 1808; M captain In the staff corns came under the notice of Sir John Moore, 1806; major, 1806; commanded battalion under Moore in Spain, 1808: was severely wounded and taken prisoner at Oorufia, 1809: exi-hanu-: tinguished himself at Ooa and BUHBCO; Ifeutenant-colonel, 1811; served against the United States, 1818; volunteered on Naooleon'slscape from Elba and made C.B., 1816; resident of OephalonU, 1822; became acquainted with Byron and sympathised with the Greeks, but finally declined to become their commander: returned to England, after quarrelling with the new high commissioner, 1830: major-general, 1887; K.C.B., 1838; appointed to command the northern district of England, 1839, whrn-e chartism was rife; accepted an Indian commission, 1841; ordered to take command of Upper and Lower Sind, which he found in a state bordering on war: offered the amirs a fresh treaty as an I ultimatum, and occupied the fortress of Imamghar, their I impregnable refuge, after which, tlie amirs being unable to restrain their followers, hostilities commenced; with a force of 2,800 men discovered an enemy of 22,000 entrenched in the bed of the Palaili River, near Miani (Meanee), 17 Feb. 1843, and after a desperate conflict won the battle, after which Haidarabad surrendered and six amirs submitted; victorious over Shir Muhammad, the Lion of Mirpur, at Dubba, 24 March, who, however, escaped to the hills, and was not finally defeated until 14 June at Shah-dal-pur; set about receiving the submission of the chiefs and organising the military occupation; established a civil government, in its social, financial, and judicial branches, and organised an effective police force; warmly congratulated by Wellington and made G.C.B., 1843; began his campaign against the northern hill tribes, 1844, finally capturing Beja and his followers at Traki, 9 March 1845; assembled an army and siege train at Rohri, but took no further part in the first Sikh war: lieutenant-general, 1846; resigned the government of Sind, 1847; in response to popular demand was given command against the Sikhs, 1849, hot arrived in India after the war was over; suppressed the 66th regiment, which showed a mutinous spirit, but on being reprimanded for suspending a regulation pending a reference to the supreme council, resigned, 1850, and returned to England; published works on the roads of Oephalonia, the administration of the colonies, the defects of Indian government, and on military snbjecte.
  64. ^ David Napier (1790–1869), marine engineer: cousin of Robert Napier (1791-1876); introduced (1818) steam packets for post-office service: established regular steam communication between Greenock and Belfast, and between Liverpool, Greenock, and Glasgow, 1822; Invented the steeple engine.
  65. ^ Edward Delaval Hungerford Elers Napier (1808–1870), lieutenant-general and author ; stepson of Sir Charles Napier; received his commission, 1825; lieutenant, 1826; captain, 1831: major, 1839: served with distinction in Syria and Egypt; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1841; brevet colonel, 1854; majorgeneral, 1868; lieutenant-general, 1864; published a life of his stepfather, 1862, and works on sport in foreign countries.
  66. ^ Francis Napier , seventh Baron Napier (1758–1828), succeeded his father, 1775; entered the army, 1774; major, 1784; representative peer of Scotland, 1796-1807; prepared a genealogical account of his family,
  67. ^ Sir Francis Napier , ninth Baron Napier in Scottish peerage, first Baron Ettrick of Ettrick in the peerage of United Kingdom, eleventh (Nova Scotia) baronet of Scott of Thirlestane (1819-1898), diplomatist I and Indian governor; son of William John Napier, eighth baron Napier; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge; joined diplomatic service, 1840; ambassador at ! St. Petersburg, 1860-4, and Berlin, 1864-6; governor of Madras, 1866; devoted particular attention to questions of public health and the development of public works, and especially works of irrigation; temporarily governorgeneral of India on assassination of Richard Southwell Uotirke, sixth earl of Mayo, 1872; returned to IAnil and was created Baron Ettrick. 1872; LL.D. Mirvb Glasgow, and Harvard; resided in Scotland,
  68. ^ George Napier (1761–1804), colonel; educated under David Hume: entered the army, 1767; lieutenant, 1771; Mrred in America; captain, 1778: re-entered the armj, 178J;.aperintendent of Woolwich laboratory c. 1788: major and deputy quartermaster-general under the Earl of Mobm, 1793; fortified bis house at Oelbridge during the Irish rebellion, 1798; wrote on the composition of
  69. ^ Sir George Thomas Napier (1784–1865), general and governor of the Cape of Good Hope: eon of George Napier; entered the army, 1800: captain, 1804 served under Sir John Moore in Sicily, Sweden, and Portugal major, 1811; O.B., 1818: major-general, 1837; governor at the Cape, 1837-43: K.O.B., 1838: lieutenantgeneral, 1846; general, 18*4; wrote an account of his early life.
  70. ^ Sir Gerard Napier , first baronet (1606–1673), rovalist: grandson of Sir Robert Napier (d. 1615); M P., Melcombe Regis, 1640: created baronet, 1641; commissioner for Charles 1, 1643; submitted to parliament, 1644: sent money to Charles I; commissioner for waste lands, 1668. C* L 68 3
  71. ^ Henry Edward Napier (1789–1853), historian ; son of George Napier; entered the navy, 1803; lieutenant, 1810; commander, 1814; captain, 1830; author of a Florentine history, 1846-7; F.R.S., 1820.
  72. ^ James Napier (1810–1884), dyer and antiquary: published Folklore, or Superstitious Beliefs in the West of Scotland within this Century 1879, and works on metallurgy and dyeing.
  73. ^ John Napier or Neper (1550–1617), laird of Merchiston; inventor of logarithms; son of Sir Archibald Napier ( 1634-1608); educated at St. Andrews; infefted in the baronies of Edeubellie-Napier and Merchiston, 1571; entered into a bond for the loyalty of his father-in-law. Sir James Chisholm, 1593; had constant trouble in connection with the disputes between his tenants and those of bis neighbours, 1591 and 1611-13; succeeded bis father, 1608, some family litigation being caused thereby; made valuable experiments in the use of manures, and Invented an hydraulic screw for clearing coal-pit* of water, for which he was granted a monopoly, 1697; published A plaine Discovery of the whole llevela i of St. John 1693; invented the present notation of il fractions, and in his work, * Oonstructio ( pub. 1619). explained the method of the construction of logarithms which were there called artificial numbers; published in hisMirifid Logaritbmorum Canonis Descriptio 1614, the canon or table, and an explanation of the nature of logarithms and their use in numeration and trigonometry; subsequently in conjunction with Henry Briggs determined that should become the logarithm of unity, and 10 000 000 000 the logarithm of the whole sine, Briggs computing the new canon: in his last work, Rabdologie seu numerationis per virgulas libri duo 1616, explained enumeration by little rods (termed Napier's bones) and multiplication and division by metal plates (the earliest attempt at the invention of a calculating machine).
  74. ^ Sir Joseph Napier, first baronet (1804–1882), lord chancellor of Ireland; educated at Belfast under James Sheridan Knowle*; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1828; barrister. Gray's Inn, 1830; called to the Irish bar, 1831; Q.O., 1844, and much employed in appeals before the House of Lords; M.P., Dublin University, 1848-68; spoke in the interest* of protestantism and Ireland; prepared and carried through the HouseNapier's Ecclesiastical Code 149: appointed Irish attorney-general and privy councillor, 1862; failed to past his measures for the reform of the land laws, 1862; D.O.L. Oxford 1863; lord chancellor of Ireland, 1868-9; devoted himself to evangelical religious work, and endeavoured to a vert the disestablishment of the IrUli church; rioe-ohanoellor of Dublin University, 186788J; created baronet, 1867; nominated to a vacancy in the judicial committee of the privy council, 1868; actively ged in the reconstruction of the Irish church: chief comouwloner of the great seal of Irelaud, 1874; published legal works and others on church questions.
  75. ^ Macvey Napier (1776–1847), editor of the 'Edinburgh Review; originally Napier Macvey, the name being changed to Macvey Napier at his grandfather's Wish; sunlit-d at MtinbtirKU and Glasgow; became acquaints! with Archibald Constable, 1798; librarian to the writers to the signet, 1805; edited a supplement to the sixth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britaunica 1814-24, and the seventh edition, 1827-42; first professor of conveyancing at Edinburgh, 1824; editor of the WUnborgt Review 1829; clerk of session in Edinburgh, 1837; F.R.S.
  76. ^ Mark Napier (1798-1 879), Scottish historical biographer; was educated at Edinburgh; advocate, 1820; shcritT-depute of Dumfriesshire, 1844; published-The Law of Prescription in Scotland 1839, and historical works on the earldom of Lennox, the Napiers, Montrose, and Graham of Claverhouse.
  77. ^ Sir Nathaniel Napier, second baronet (1636–1709), dilettante; son of Sir Gerard Napier, first baronet; matriculated as fellow-commoner of Oriel College, Oxford, 1654: knighted, 1662; travelled in Holland, 1667, and France, 1672 and 1697; succeeded to baronetcy, 1673; M.P., Dorset, 1677-8, Corfe Castle, 1679,1681, and 1685-7.
  78. ^ Richard Napier or Napper (1559–1634), astrologer; matriculated from Exeter College, Oxford, 1577; rector of Great Liuford, 1590; studied astrology under Simon Forman; legatee of Formau's manuscripts, 1611; licensed to practise medicine, 1604.
  79. ^ Sir Richard Napier (1607–1676), physician ; son of Sir Robert Napier (1560-1637); nephew and heir of Richard Napier; student at Gray's Inn, 1622; B.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1626; created M.A., 1627; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1628; B.O.L., 1630; licensed to practise medicine, 1633; M.D. Oxford, 1642; incorporated at Cambridge, 1663; knighted, 1647; F.R.C.P., 1664.
  80. ^ Sir Robert Napier (d. 1615), judge ; joined the Middle Temple; M.P., Dorchester, 1586; knighted before 1593; chief baron of the exchequer in Ireland, 1693-1602; M.P., Bridport, 1601, Wareham, 1603-4.
  81. ^ Sir Robert Napier , first baronet (1560–1637), brother of Richard Napier; a Turkey merchant; high sheriff of Bedfordshire, 1611; knighted and created baronet, 1612.
  82. ^ Robert Napier (1611–1686), royalist ; grandson of Sir Robert Napier (d. 1615); of Queen's College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1637; receiver-general and auditor of the duchy of Cornwall; compounded, 1649; granted renewal of receiver-generalship, 1663.
  83. ^ Sir Robert Napier , first baronet (1642?–1700), sou of Robert Napier (1611-1686); of Trinity College, Oxford; high sheriff of Dorset, and knighted, 1681; created baronet, 1682; M.P., Weymouth, 1689-90, Dorchester, 1698.
  84. ^ Robert Napier (1791–1876), marine engineer; constructed his first marine engine, 1823, and supplied engines for the East India Company and the Cunard Oompany; took to shipbuilding, 1841; constructed iron ships for the Peninsular and Oriental Company and for the British, French, Turkish, Danish, and Dutch governments; took out patents for improvements in warships; president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1863-5.
  85. ^ Robert Cornelis Napier , first Baron Napier of Magdala (1810-1890), field-marshal; born at Colombo, ! Ceylon; received his commission in the Bengal engineers, I 1826; first lieutenant, 1828; sailed for India, 1828; employed in irrigation works on the Eastern Jamna Canal, I 1831; visited European engineering works, 1836; laid out the settlement of Darjiling, 1838, and established communication with the plain below, for which he organised a local corps of workmen called Sebundy savpers; second captain, 1841; laid out a cantonment at Sirhind in echelon 011 the slopes, 1842, an arrangement which became known as Napier's system; distinguished himself in the first Sikh war and was promoted brevet major, 1846; showed special engineering skill in the reduction of Kote Kanfrra, 1846; took part in the second Sikh war and became brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1849; civil engineer to the Punjab Board of administration, IHIO; rni-ir high road from Lahore to Peshawar and the i canal, und strengthened tin- frontier defeinvs; brevet colonel, 18. VI; reliiiiiuisliMl bi **t, 185;; at the relief of Luckuow, 1H57, successfully effected tlic union of tin- nur guard ami va.- wounded with tin- main relieving force; undertook the L'rueral direction of the minim.; daring the second sietrc; command*, d.1 iniade of engineers during the third attack on l,iicknow;C.15.; oui.-dr Hnth Rose at Gwalior und gained a signal victory over Tan tin Topi on the plains of Jaora Alipur, 1H5H; routed K.-P...shah (who had joined Tantia Topi), Decemlwr 185, ly means of destroy ing the forts of 1'arune, and cutting clearings through the jungle succeeded in capturing both rebel leaders, 1859; K.O.B.; appointed to command the second division in the Chinese expedition, I860: assisted (1860) in taking Pchtang-ho aud IViho, and maintaini-d communication- and pushed supplies to the front; promoted major-general for his distinguished services, 1861; military member of the governor-generals council, 1861-5; commaudcr-iu-chief of the Bombay army, 1865; promoted lieutenant-general of the Bombay army", 1865; appointed to command the Abyssinian expedition, 1867; organised his base, provided for his communications, defeated his enemy, and attained the object of his mission; pensioned, made G.C.S.I. aud Q.C.B., and created Baron Napier of Magdala, 1868: commander-in-chief in India, 1870; general, 1874; governor of Gibraltar, 1876; field-marshal, 1883.
  86. ^ Sir Thomas Erskine Napier (1790–1863), general; brother of Sir Charles Napier; entered the army, 18U5: lieutenant, 1806; served in Sweden, 1808, and the Peninsula (medals); C.B., 1838; general, 1861; K.C.B., 1860.
  87. ^ Sir William Francis Patrick Napier (1785-1860), general and historian of the Peninsular war; son of George Napier: entered the army, 1800; lieutenant, 1801; joined Sir John Moore's brigade at Shorncliffe, 1803, and took part in Moore's campaign in Spain, 1808; served in Portugal, 1809, and specially distinguished himself in the fight on the Coa, 1810; badly wounded at Casal Novo, 1811; major, 1812; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1813; retired on half-pay, 1819; O.B.; began to collect materials in 1823 for his History of the Peninsular War(published, 1828-40), which placed Napier high among historical writers, and was translated into French, Spanish, Italian, German, and Persian; colonel, 1830; major-general, 1841; lieutenantgovernor of Guernsey, 1842-7; published a history of the Conquest of Scinde 1844-6, in reality a defence of his brother Charles; published, 1851. History of the Administration of Scinde and a Life of his brother, 1857; K.O.B., 1848; general, 1859.
  88. ^ William John Napier , eighth Baron Napier (1786-1834), naval captain: ?ou of Francis Napier, seventh baron Napier; entered navy, 1803; lieutenant, 1809; commander, 1812: promoted to post rank, 1814; published treatise on sheep-farming, 1822; succeeded his father, 1823; chief superintendent of trade in China, 1833; died at Macao.
  89. ^ John Napleton (1738?-1817), divine and educational reformer; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1761; D.D., 1789; fellow, 1760; rector of Wold, 1777; became golden prebendary in Hereford Cathedral, 1789, and received much preferment in the diocese; wrote a book on logic in Latin, 1770, and on Oxford examinations, 1773; published also sermons.
  90. ^ James Napper-Tandy (1747 - 1803). See Tandy.
  91. ^ Peter Remi Narbonne (1806–1839), Canadian insurgent; born at St. Remi; took an active part in the rebellious of 1837 and 1838; hanged at Montreal.
  92. ^ Sir John Narbrough (1640–1688), admiral; lieutenant, 1664; commander, 1666; captain of the Duke of York's flagship in the battle of Solebay, 1672; rearadmiral of the red, 1673; knighted, 1673; admiral and commander-in-chief of a squadron sent against the Tripoli i-orsairs, 1674, aud the Algerine corsairs, 1677; commis sioner of the navy, 1880-7; cent to St Domingo to recover treasure from a wreck, where lie caught fever aud died.
  93. ^ Edward Nares (1762-1841), writer; son of Sir George Nares q. v.; of We School and Christ Church, n.xford; fellow, 1788-97; MA., 17hU; vicar of St. I'eter-in-the-Eart, Oxford, 1795; rrciur of iJiddeiid.-n. 17: Bampton lecturer, 1805: regius professor of modern history at Oxford, 1*13-41: published memoirs of Lord Burghley, 18*8-11, also two novels satirising fashionable society, and theological works.
  94. ^ Sir George Nares (1716–1786), judge; brother of James Nares; barrister, Inner Temple, 1741: king's Serjeant, 1759: M.P. for Oxford city, 1768; justice of the 1773. pleas, 1771; knighted, 1771; D.C.L. Oxford,
  95. ^ James Nares (1716–1783) composer; brother of Sir George Nares; organist of York Cathedral, 1734; Mm. Doc. Cambridge, 1757; organist, Chapel Royal, London, 1757; composed church music,
  96. ^ Robert Nares (1753–1829), philologist; son of James Nares; educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford: M.A., 1778; tutor to Sir Watkin Wynn, 1779-83: usher at Westminster School, 1786-*: assistant-librarian at the British Museum, 1795; canon of Lichfield, 1798; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1798; archdeacon of Stafford, 1801; published aGlossaryof Elizabethan literature, 1822; revised General Biographical Dictionary 1789, and assisted in Bridges'sHistory of Northamptonshire 1790.
  97. ^ Robert Narford, Nerford, or Nereford (d. 1225), constable of Dover Castle; received grants, 1216; became chief constable of Dover; present at the defeat of Eustace the Monk, 1217; founded the priory of St. Mary de Pratis.
  98. ^ John Narrien (1782–1860), astronomical writer: optician; mathematical professor at Sandhurst, 1820; F.R.S., 1840; wrote on astronomy and mathematics.
  99. ^ Cornelius Nary (1660–1738), Irish catholic divine; belonged to the Irish College in Paris, 1682-96: D.D. Paris, 1694: imprisoned in Dublin on account of his religion, 1702; published theological works and some controversial pamphlets.
  100. ^ Frederick Nash (1782–1856), water-colour painter: studied at the Royal Academy, and with Thomas Malton the younger; architectural draftsman to the Society of Antiquaries, 1807; contributed to the Royal Academy, 1800-47, and to the Society of Painters in Water-colour?, 1810-56; declared by Turner to be the finest architectural painter of the day.
  101. ^ Gawen Nash (1605–1658), royalist divine; sizar of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1620; fellow, 1627; rector of St. Matthew's, Ipswich, 1638; vicar of Warcsley, 1642: ejected, 1646.
  102. ^ John Nash (1762–1835), architect: pupil of Sir Robert Taylor; began to practise, c. 1793; laid out Regent's Park, London, and designed most of the terrace?near it, 1811; also planned Regent Street, London, between Carltou House and Regent's Park, London, 1813-20; repaired and enlarged Buckingham House, from which his large entrance gateway, known as the Marble Arch, was removed to Cumberland Gate, Hyde Park, 1851. His style lacks grandeur, and great monotony is produced by his persistent use of stucco.
  103. ^ Joseph Nash (1809–1878), water-colour painter and lithographer; studied under the elder Pugin; drew figure subjects illustrating poeta and novelist"; earned celebrity by his picturesque views of Gothic buildings, English and foreign.
  104. ^ Michael Nash (Jt. 1796), protestant controversialist; collector of subscriptions for the Societas Evangelica, 1791-4; secretary of th Society for the Promotion of the French protestant bible: attacked Dr. William Romaine and William Huntingtou
  105. ^ Richard Nash, called Beau Nash (1674–1762), 'king of Bath'; educated at Carmarthen grammar school; matriculated from Jesus College, Oxford, 1692; after trying the army entered the Inner Temple, 1683: derived m a.-.vptinir extravagant wapers and : went to Hath. 17i5; establi.-hed the Assembly and a code ot etiquette and of dress, and became autocrat ot Bath: evaded the law* of 1740, by Inventing new games, but aft. -r i:s irradually lt hU popularity, and in 1768 was allowed To*, a month by toe corporation; assisted in establishing the mineral- wa'ter hospital at Bath.
  106. ^ Thomas Nash or Nashe (1667-1601), author; sizar of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1583; B.A., 1586; tnfrf* a baity tour through France and Italy, and before 1MB MtUed in London: bis promise recognised by Sir Qerge Carey: endeavoured to secure the patronage of the KarU of Southampton and Derby: but did not retain the favour of any patron long; his first publication an acrid review of recent literature prefixed to Greene's Mcnaphon 1589, which he discussed at greater length inAnatomic of Absurdities 1589: attracted to the Martin Marprelatc controversy by his hatred of puriUni-m: unirr the pseudonym of Pasquil * wroteA ConntercuftY given to Martin Junior 1589, * The Returne of the renouned Cavaliero Pasquil of England 1589, and "The First Parte of Pasquils Apologie 1590: possibly the author of other attacks on the Martinists; replied to the Tage denunciations of Hiohanl Harvey with 'A wonderful, strange, ami miraculous Astrologicall Prognostication 1691, andPierce Penuilesse his Supplication to the DiveUY 1692, which was translated into French and six times reprinted, and the second edition of which was called The Apologie of Pierce Penuilesse: avenged Gabriel Harvey V attack on Greene withStrange Newts of the Intercepting certaine Letters 1593; being subsequently troubled with religious doubts published his repentant reflections under the title Christes Teares over Jerusalem 1693, but, Harvey being deaf to his appeal for peace, repeated his attacks in a second edition of Christes Teares published (1594)The Terrors of the Night notable for the praise of Daniel's Delia; published theUnfortunate Traveller, or the Life of Jack Wilton a romance of reckless adventure, dedicated to the Bar! of Southampton, 1594: further satirised Harvey in Haue with you to Saffron- Walden 1596, to which Harvey replied, the government subsequently ordering the two authors to desist; attacked so many current abuses in the state in bis loot comedy The Isle of Dogs 1697, that he was sent to the Fleet prison for some months: published (1599)Lenten Stuffe a burlesque panegyric of the red herring, and a comedy, still extant, calledSummers Last Will 1600. Nash's original perity gives him a unique place in Elizabethan literature, bis writing* have something of the fascination of dais. His romance ofJack Wilton* inaugurated the novel of adventure in England.
  107. ^ Thomas Nash (1593–1647), entered Lincoln's Inn, llt; intimate with Shakespeare's family: married Shakespeare's granddaughter, Elizabeth Hall, 1626; became, with bih wife, owner of New Place, Stratford, 1 *.
  108. ^ Thomas Nash (1688–1648), author ; matriculated from St. Bdmund Hall, Oxford, 1605; entered the Inner Temple, 1607; royalist: his death said to have been caused by the misfortunes of Charles I; published Qoaternio, or a Fourfold Way 1633.
  109. ^ Treadway Russell Nash (1725–1811), historian of Worcestershire: matriculated from Worcester College, Oxford, 1740; M.A., 1747; vicar of Eynsham, c  : tutor of Worcester College, Oxford, c. 1761-7: F'5 L7 3: Vic * r of LdRh 1773: Pushed Collections .5,!5 l * tol 7 * Worc tershire 1781-2; edited Butler's ibras, 1793.
  110. ^ David Nasmith (1799-1839), originator of town and city missions; became secretary to twenty-three 1*,iS. Gll OW 1813 - M: founded GlasE*Sft Mlwion. 1826, and similar institutions in Ireland, United States, France, and London.
  111. ^ James Nasmith (1740-1808), antiquary; M.A. 1767; D.D., 1797; - 176 L recU * of Snallwell, 1778, of wT" 18 * 1 Wld tlWned the manuKrtpts which Archbishop Parker gave to Corpus Ohrteti College, Cambridge: edited (1787) Tanner's Notitia Monastics and wrote antiquarian pamphlets.
  112. ^ John Nasmith or Naysmith (d. 1619?), surgeon to James VI of Scotland and I of England; present in Holyrood Palace when Bothwell attempted to capture the young king James VI 1591, and imprisoned in consequence; accompanied James to London, 1603: ! bought the lands of Cowdenkuowes, 1612; devoted special attention to botany.
  113. ^ Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840), portrait and landscape painter; at first employed to paint the i panels of carriages, but after studying under Allan Ram i say in London set up as portrait-painter in Edinburgh, . 1778; travelled on the continent, 1782-4; intimate witli Robert Burns; finally restricted himself chiefly to l;mi scape; belonged to many artistic societies, and was iute i rested in science; designed the bow-and-string bridge used at Charing Cross and Birmingham stations.
  114. ^ Charles Nasmyth ( 1826–1861 ), major, ' defender j of Silistria; entered the East India Company, 1843; sent i as The Times correspondent to Omar Pasha's camp at Shumla; instrumental in checking the Russians at  ; Silistria, 1854: transferred to the royal army as major, 1854; present at the Alma and Sebastopol; brigade-major at Sydney; died at Pau.
  115. ^ Sir James Nasmyth or Naesmith, first baronet (d. 1720), lawyer; admitted advocate, 1684; created baronet, 1706.
  116. ^ James Nasmyth (d. 1779), botanist: son of Sir James Nasmyth; introduced the birch and silver fir into Scotland; genus Nasmythia named after him.
  117. ^ James Nasmyth (1808–1890), engineer* ' son of Alexander Nasmyth; constructed a six-inch diameter reflecting telescope, 1827; constructed (1827) a steam-engine capable of carrying six people; became assistant to Maudslay, 1829; started in business at Manchester, 1834, as a maker of machine-tools; invented the steam hammer, 1839, and patented it, 1842; the first to observe a mottled appearance of the sun's surface called willow leaves or rice grains 1860; invented a nutshaping machine, a flexible shaft for driving small drills, and an hydraulic punching-machine; proposed the use of chilled cast-iron shot, 1862; published, in conjunction with James Carpenter, an elaborate work on the moon, 1874.
  118. ^ Patrick Nasmyth (1787–1831), landscape painter; son of Alexander Nasmyth; studied art under his father: contributed to Scottish and English art institutions: styled, from the character of his works, the English Hobbema
  119. ^ George Richard Savage Nassau (1756–1823), bibliophile; formed a library, which was especially rich in early English books; made extensive collections on the history of Suffolk, most of which were sold, 1824.
  120. ^ Henry Nassau, Count and Lord of Auverquerque (1641–1708), general; accompanied William, prince of Orange, on his visit to Oxford, 1670, and was made D.C.L.; attended William of Orange to England, 1688; promoted major-general, 1891; appointed deputv stadtholder, 1693; with the rank of field-marshal cooperated with Marlborough and died in camp at Lille.
  121. ^ William of Nassyngton (. 1375?), translator; translated from Latin into English verse Treatise on the Trinity and Unity, with a Declaration of God's Works and of the Passion of Jesus Christ written by John of Waldeby or Waldly.
  122. ^ Edmund Natares or Natures (d. 1649), master of Clare Hall, Cambridge: fellow of Catharine Hall, Cambridge; M.A. by special grace, 1502: D.D., 1516: was master of Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1614-30; vicechancellor, 1618, 1521, and 1526-7; rector of Middleton-upon-Tees, 1522.
  123. ^ Nathalan or Nauchlan (ft. 452?), Scottish, saint; devoted himself to contemplation and practised agriculture; went, partially bound, to Rome as a penance, and was made bishop by the pope; founded the churches of Meldrum, Cowie, and Tullich.
  124. ^ Isaac Nathan (1791?–1864), musical composer and author; abandoned theology for music and studied under Domenico Oorri; became intimate with Byron, 1812, who wrote Hebrew Melodies for Nathan to set to inn-it-; emigrated to Australia, 1841* published Masurgia VoMli- 1823, on musical theory, Fugitive Pieces and Reminiscences of Lord Byron.... also.... Recollections of Lady Caroline Lamb 1829, theLife of Madame Malibran de Beriot 1836, andThe Southern apbltxyne 1846; killed in Sydney by accident.
  125. ^ Lorenz Natter (1705–1763), gem-engraver and medallist; born in Suabia; taught by Johann Rudolph Ochs at Berne; studied in Italy; copied ancient genie, whi.-h he frequently signed; came to England, c, 1741; visited the northern capitals of Europe, 1743, returning to England, e. 1754; patronised by the royal family and employ 1 at the royal mint; published a treatise on ancient and modern methods of engraving, 1754, and a catalogue of the Bessborough gems, 1761; died of asthma at St. Petersburg.
  126. ^ John Claude Nattes (1765?-1823), topographical draughtsman: travelled in Great Britain, Ireland, and France, working as a topographical draughtsman and colouring big drawings.
  127. ^ Claude de La Boisseliere Nau (fl. 1574-1605), secretary to Mary Queen of Scots; ti lawyer, who acted as secretary to the Cardinal of Lorraine; became secretary to Mary Queen of Scote, 1574; managed her accounts and advised her in matters of policy; went on mis-ions to Scotland, 1579 and 1581;.supposed agent in the Babington plot, 1586; defended himself against the accusation of betraying Mary Queen of Scots and was liberated, 1587; returned to France; ennobled by Henry IV, 1605; wrote a History of Mary Stewart (published, 1883).
  128. ^ Nauchlan (. 452?). See Nathalan.
  129. ^ Sir Robert Naunton (1563–1635), politician; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1582;.M. A.; major fellow, 1586; accompanied his uncle, William Ashby, on a diplomatic mission to Scotland, 1589; fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1592: acted as travelling tutor, and regularly communicated to the Earl of Essex any political news he could learn; returned to Cambridge, c. 1600; M.P., Helston, 1606, Camelford, 1614, and Cambridge University, 1621, 1624, and 1625; knighted, 1614, and made master of requests, 1616; secretary of state, 1618, exercising what influence he possessed in behalf of the Elector Frederick in Bohemia; retired from the secretaryship, 1623; master of the court of wards, 1623-35; his manuscript account of Queen Elizabeth's courtiers (compiled c. 1630) frequently printed after his death.
  130. ^ Joan of Navarre (1370?–1437). See Joan.
  131. ^ Sir George Nayler (1764?–1831), garter king-of-arms; became Blanc Coursier herald, 1792: bluemantle pursuivant and member of the College of Arms, 1793; York herald, 1794; F.S.A., 1794; knighted, 1813; first kiug-of-arms of the Hanoverian Guelphic order, 1815, and of the order of St. Michael and St. George, 1818; Clarenceux king-of-arms, 1818; Garter king-of-arms, 1822; formed a collection of private acts of parliament (1733-1830), and commenced u history of George IV'a coronation.
  132. ^ James Nayler (1617?-1660), Quaker; joined parliamentary army, 1642, and was quartermaster in Lambert's horse; became a quaker, 1661; being convinced of a call to the travelling ministry, left home, 1652, and preached in the north; imprisoned for a short time at Appleby, 1653, for alleging thatChrist was in him: went to London, 1655; gained many devoted followers, and was attended by a company when he set oat for Launceston, where Fox was imprisoned; created a disturbance at Exeter and was imprisoned with his 'company gained more followers, who displayed great extravagance; arrested with seven of his following at Bristol and sent to London, 1G56: adjudged guilty of 'horrid blasphemy'and sentenced to be pilloried in New Palace Yard, London, and the Exchange, London, his tongue to be pierced with a hot iron, his forehead to be branded with B(for blasphemer), and he himself to be whipped through the citv of Bristol and imprisoned at Bridewell, London; released, 1659; for a short time in Westmoreland with George Whitehead q. v.J; publighcd controversial pamijhleti-tinguished by depth of thought, beauty of expression, and moderation in tone. fxl. 13"
  133. ^ Francis Hare Naylor (1753–1815). See Hare-Naylor.
  134. ^ William Neade (A 16J5), archer and investor; iuvenu.il a combined bow and pike, exhibited before James I, 1624, on which he wrote a pamphlet, 1625; failed to get his invention generally adopted.
  135. ^ James Neagle (1760?-1822), line-engrave ; illustrated books; emigrated to America and died there.
  136. ^ Daniel Neal (1678–1748), historian of the puritans; educated at Merchant Taylors* School, London; studied at Utrecht and Lcyden; became pastor to a congregation in Aldersgate Street, London, which subsequently removed to Jewin Street, London; published the History of New England 1720, and became honorary M.A. of Harvard, 1721; wrote an introduction to a treatise on small-pox, 1722. His History of the Puritans down to 1689, in four volumes, 1732, 1733, 1736, 1788(snbeequently translated into Dutch), was somewhat severely criticised by Isaac Maddox and Zachary Grey
  137. ^ Thomas Neal or Neale (1519–1590?), professor of Hebrew at Oxford; of Winchester College; admitted perpetual fellow of New College, Oxford, 1540; M.A., 1546; B.D., 1556; became chaplain to Bishop Bonner: regius professor of Hebrew, 1559-69; wrote account of Queen Elizabeth's entertainment at Oxford, 1566; translated the Prophets from Hebrew into Latin,
  138. ^ Adam Neale (d. 1832), army physician and author : M.D. Edinburgh, 1802; published an account of the Peninsular war, 1808, continental travels, 1818, and medical works; died at Dunkirk.
  139. ^ Edward Vansittart Neale (1810–1892), Christian socialist and co-operator; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1836; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1837; founded two building societies and the Central Co-operative Agency, and purchased the Atlas Ironworks, all of which failed; frequently acted as legal adviser to co-operative societies, and published a handbook on limited liability laws, 1860: assisted in founding the North of England Co-operative Society, 1863, the Oobden Mills, 1866, and the Agricultural Association, 1867; promoted the annual co-operative congress, 1869, of which be was secretary (1875-91 ). He became a member of the Christian Social Union on its formation, and wrote pamphlets on co-operation and socialism.
  140. ^ Erskine Neale (1804–1883), divine and author : sou of Adam Nealc; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1832; vicar of Exning, 1854; published theological works and religious novels.
  141. ^ Sir Harry Burrard Neale . second baronet (1765-1840), admiral; originally named Burrard; entered the navy, 1778; lieutenant, 1787; commander, 1790; succeeded his uncle as baronet, 1791; assumed bis wife's name, Neale, 1795; a lonl of the admiralty, 1804; rearadmiral, 1810; vice-admiral, 1814: K.C.B., 1815; G.C.B., 1822; G.O.M.G. and cominauder-in -chief in the Mediterranean, 1823-6; admiral, 1830; M.P. for Lymington for forty years.
  142. ^ James Neale (1722–1792), biblical scholar; M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1746: schoolmaster at Henlcy-on-Thames, 1747-62; translated Hosea 1771.
  143. ^ John Mason Neale (1818–1866), divine and author: graduated B.A. from Trinity College, Cambridge, 1840: tutor of Downing College, Cambridge; espoused high church views and was one of the founders of the QNBteUga t'ain.lfn Society, 1839, afterward* called the Ecclesiological Society; became warden of Sackvtlle College, East Grinstead, is it;, where he founded the nursing sisterhood of St. Margaret's; leader-writer for theMorning Chronicle 1851-3; published work* on theological and ecclesiological subjects and tales and books for the young. One-eighth of the Hymns Ancient and Modern are by Neale.
  144. ^ John Preston Neale (1780–1847), architectural draoffatnnan; executed architectural drawings with a nea and tinted them with water-colour: exhibited at 1-7 Royal Academy and other exhibitions.
  145. ^ Samuel Neale (1729-1792), quaker: became a minister, 1762: influenced by Mary Peisley, whom he married, 1757; preached in Holland, Germany, and
  146. ^ Thomas Neale (fl. 1643), author; nephew of Walter Neale; published a travelling guide to forraigne countries 1643.
  147. ^ Thomas Neale (fl. 1657), engraver.
  148. ^ Thomas Neale (d. 1699?), master of the royal mint and groom-porter; master ami worker of the royal mint, 1878-99: groom-porter to Charles II, c. 1684: as master of the transfer office conducted public lotteries; engaged In banking and building and mining schemes, and in East India trade.
  149. ^ Walter Neale ( ft. 1639), New England explorer; fought in Bohemia, 1618; governor of part of New Hampshire, 1630-3; appointed lieutenant-governor of Portemouth. 1639.
  150. ^ Sir William Neale (1609–1691), royalist; scoutral in Prince Rupert's army: knighted, 1643; fought at Newark, 1644; taken prisoner, 1659.
  151. ^ William Henry Neale (1785–1855), grandson of James Neale; schoolmaster at Beverley, 18081816; nominated a Charterhouse brother, 1853; published theological works.
  152. ^ William Johnson Neale (1812–1893), lawyer and novelist: son of Adam Neale; quitted the navy; barrister. Middle Temple, 1836; recorder of Walsall 1869; wrote sea stories.
  153. ^ Charles Neate (1784–1877), pianist and composer; an original member of the Philharmonic Society, 18J3: became intimate with Beethoven In Vienna, 1815; composed pianoforte pieces.
  154. ^ Charles Neaves, Lord Neaves (1800–1876), Scottish judge: called to the bar at Edinburgh, 1822; solicitor-general, 1852: judge of the court of session as Lord Neaves. 1863; rector of St. Andrews, 1872; published The Greek Anthology 1870, and contribute! to periodicals.
  155. ^ Charles Neate (1806–1879). economist and political writer: educated in Paris and at Lincoln College. Oxford: B.A., 1828: fellow of riel College, Oxford, 18; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1832; examiner in law and hifcry at Oxford. 1853-6; Drummond professor of political economy, 1857; M.P., Oxford city, 1863-8; published pamphlets mainly on political subjects,
  156. ^ Nechtan (d. 732), son of Derelei or Dergard, king of the Picts: conformed to the Roman date for Easter: applied to Bede for arguments to confute heresy, 710 supplanted In the Pictish throne by Drust, 724; regained his kingdom, 728.
  157. ^ Nechtan Morbet (d. 481?), king of the Picts; said to have dedicated Abernethy to St. Brigit in the presence of Darlugdach, the exiled abbess of Kildare.
  158. ^ Alexander Neckam or Necham (1167-1217) scholar; went to Paris UniversltyTwas a'distingnished teacher there, 1180; returnel to England, 1186; Augustinian canon; abbot of Cirencester, 1213; wroteDe naturis rerum De Ijiudibus Divin* Sapient!* De Contempt.! Mundi and some treatises on grammar.
  159. ^ Humphrey Necton or Nechodun (d. 1303) an early Carmelite; w o preached against hen-tic- at Cambridge; bin works lost.
  160. ^ Charles Needham, fourth Viscount Kilmorey (d. 1660) ,.n,,_., hi8 MtBteg gub iW *~* "* " P * "store : died in prison.
  161. ^ Elizabeth Needham (d. 1731), known as Mother Needham.
  162. ^ Francis Jack Needham, twelfth Viscount and first Earl of Kilmorey (1748-1832), entered the army, 1762: lieutenant, 1773: captain, 1774; distinguished himself at the battle of Arklow, 17SK; colonel, 1810; general, 1812; M.P., Newry, 1806; succeeded to peerage, 1818; created Earl of Kilmorey, 1822.
  163. ^ James Needham or Nedeham 1530–1533), architect and master-carpenter; appointed clerk of the king's works, 1530, and overseer, 1538.
  164. ^ Sir John Needham (d. 1480), judge; M.P., Newcastle-under-Lyme. 1441, 1446, 1448, and London, 1449; common serjeant, 1449; king's serjeant, 1453, and justice of the common pleas, 1457; knighted, 1470.
  165. ^ John Turberville Needham (1713–1781), Roman catholic divine and man of science; educated at Douay; onlained priest, 1732: taught rhetoric in the college, 1736-40; ordered to the English mission, 1740; did much scientific work with Buffon: F.K.S., 1747: F.S.A., 1761: travelled as a tutor, 1751-67; director of the Imperial Academy, Brussels, 1768-80: belonged to many foreign societies: endeavoured by means of the Chinese characters to interpret an Egyptian inscription on a bust at Turin: published miscellaneous scientific treatises, some embodying his theory that every organised substance is formed by vegetation.
  166. ^ Marchamont Needham or Nedham (1620-1678), journalist: chorister at All Souls, Oxford; B.A. All Souls, Oxford, 1637: member of Gray's Inn, 1662; studied medicine; chief author of Mercurius Britanicus 1643-6 a satirical weekly commentary on the news of the day; twice arrested for the scurrilous character of his paper; took up medicine for a time: became a royalist, obtained pardon, and published in Charles I's defence 'Mercurius Pragumticns 1647, the royalism of which was combined with hostility to the Scots; his paper suppressed by government and himself committed to Newgate, 1649: again engaged to support the Commonwealth, and published the first-fruits of his conversion in a pamphlet,The Case of the Commonwealth 1650, and a new weekly paper, Mercurius Politicus in which he championed Cromwell's foreign and ecclesiastical policy; translated Selden's Mare Clausum 1652; also edited the official journal, thePublic Intelligencer,* 1653-60; oil Cromwell's death wrote against the restoration of the monarchy and fled to Holland, May 1660: obtained a pardon, returned to England, and lived by i practising physic; in Schools and Schoolmaster* (1663) suggested various educational reforms, and complained of the neglect of chemistry for anatomy in Medela Medii cilia. 1 1665: employed by government to attack the opposition and its leaders in Pacquet of Advices to the men of Shaftesbury 1676; was attacked in uumeroiia verse and prose satires.
  167. ^ Peter Needham (1680–1731), classical scholar ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1700; D.D.. 1717; fellow, 1698-1716; prebendary of St. Florence, Pembrokeshire, 1714, and rector of Stamvick, 1717; edited Greek and Latin texts.
  168. ^ Walter Needham (1631?–1691?), physician and anatomist; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1654; fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1655; honorary F.R.C.P., 1664: F.R.S., 1671: physician to the Charterhouse, London, 1672; published Disquisitio anatomica de formato Foetu 1667.
  169. ^ Benjamin Needler (1620–1682), ejected minister; of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and St. John's College, Oxford; fellow, 1645-51; B.C.L., 1648; rector of St. Margaret Moses, Friday Street, London, IM. ejected, Ififi2: preached privately at North Warnborough: published sermons.
  170. ^ Culverwell Needler (fl. 1710), son of Benjamin Needier; clerk-assistant of the House of Commons; published Debates of the House of Commons in January 1704 1721 (2nd ed.)
  171. ^ Henry Needler (1685-1760), musical amateur; accountant for the candle duty, 1710; studied under Purcell and Bannister; performed at private concerts; intimate with Handel.
  172. ^ Henry Neele (1798-1828), poet and miscellaneous writer; solicitor; published *-in~, 1H17, mi li'3...!looted, 1H7); contributed tales to periodicals, and published Romance of English History 1827; committed suicide.
  173. ^ Sir Ricahrd Neele or Neale (d. 1486) judge; member of Gray's Inn, 1463; Serjeant, li serjeant, 14C; judge of common pleas, 147n: knighted before 1483.
  174. ^ Enrico Angelo Ludovico Negretti (1817-1879), optician; born in Oomo;.-aim- to I.n.i,. took Joseph Warren Zambra into partnership, 1850, with whom he obtained a reputation as maker m --i.-ntiric and mathematical instruments; intimate with Garibaldi.
  175. ^ Francis Negus (d. 1732), reputed inventor of negus; secretary to the Duke of Norfolk, 1685-8; lieutenant-colonel under Marlhorough; held various court appointments; M.P., Ipswich, 1717-32; invented negus to avert a political fracas, attention being diverted from political matters at a party in Queen Anne's reign to a discussion of the merits of wine and water.
  176. ^ Samuel Negus (fl. 1724), author of a list of English printers, 1724.
  177. ^ William Negus (1559?-1616), puritan minister; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1578; beneficed in Essex; suspended, 1584; restored, 1585; went to Leigh, 158c, and was suspended for a short time, 1587; deprived, 1609.
  178. ^ James Neild (1744–1814), philanthropist; a jeweller who became interested in prisons, 1762; treasurer of a society for helping debtors, 1773; visited prisons in England, Scotland, Flanders, and Germany; published an account of his work, 1800; public interest roused by his 'Prison Remarks'in the Gentleman's Magazine exposed system of imprisonment for debt, 1812. Image at File:James Neild by Samuel De Wilde.jpg.
  179. ^ John Camden Neild (1780?–1852), eccentric; son of James Neild; of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1804; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1808; a confirmed miser; left 500,0001. to Queen Victoria; his servants provided for by Queen Victoria after his death.
  180. ^ Richard Neile (1562–1640), archbishop of York; of Westminster School and St. John's College, Cambridge; installed dean of Westminster, 1606; bishop of Rochester, 1608-10; appointed Laud his chaplain and gave him valuable preferments; elected bishop of Lichfield, 1610; translated to Lincoln, 1614, and to Durham, 1617; politically active in the northern province; privy councillor, 1627; bishop of Winchester, 1628-31; sat regularly on the high commission and in the Star-chamber; archbishop of York, 1631-40; reported on the state of his diocese and province, 1634; kept up a political and ecclesiastical correspondence with Laud, Windebank, and Sir Dudley Carleton.
  181. ^ William Neile (1637–1670), mathematician; grandson of Richard Neile: discovered an exact rectification of the cubical parabola, 1657; F.R.S., 1663.
  182. ^ James George Smith Neill (1810–1857), colonel and brigadier-general; entered East India Company's service, 1826; lieutenant, 1828; brevet-captain, 1842: major, 1860; deputy assistant adjutant-general in the second Burmese war; promoted brevet lieutenantcolonel, 1853; appointed second in command of the Turkish contingent in the war with Russia; organised and reformed the Turkish contingent; on the news of the mutiny was sent up to Baniiras, where he completely routed the mutineers and succeeded in reinforcing Allahabad and clearing the adjacent villages; colonel aud aide-decamp to Queen Victoria; disappointed at being superseded by Havelock, but after some friction joined Uavelock as second in command at Gawnpore, where he was left in command, and punished the mutineers with great severity; kept opeu communications with Havelock, who was advancing on Lucknow; accompanied Havelock as brigadiergeneral in the final advance on Lucknow, and while fighting bravely was shot dead.
  183. ^ Patrick Neill or Neil (d. 1705?), first printer in Belfast; came from Scotland, c. 1694; his books, which are very rare, consist of religious works printed between 1699 and 1702.
  184. ^ Patrick Neill (1776–1851 naturalist ; a pnbo drvotMl l.imx'lf in lxtany and horticulture; fellow of Linnean and Edinburgh royal societies; publihrd-Th.- Huwer, rruit.andKit.-hi-ii Uardeu and.. work*.
  185. ^ James Beaumont Neilson (1795–1865), inventor of the hot blast in iron manufacture; engine wright ol a colliery ut Irvine. 1MH; foreman t Die GlMunrorki, i-i7; mtniu.--d important improvement* in the miintiiacture of ga*. and exerted himself for the mental aixl technical improvement of the workmen under him; led by the inefficiency of a particular engine to bin discovery that the substitution of a hot blast, instead of a refrigerated one, produced three tlmeu as much iron with the same amount of fuel: tented its effects at the Clyde Ironworks, and patents! it in England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1828. The validity of the patent was tested in the law courts, 1840, 1841, and 1842, but the verdict in each case was given in Neilson's favour.
  186. ^ John Neilson (1778–1839), benefactor of Paisley : amamd a considerable fortune as a grocer, and founded u school for boys in Paile.
  187. ^ John Neilson (1770–1848), Canadian journalist; n ,-ntMiian who went to Canada, 1790; edited theQuebec ( ia.etti- 1796; member for Quebec County in the assembly of Lower Canada, 1818-34; delegate to England, 1823, 1828, and 1835: member for Quebec county in the united legislature, 1841; speaker, 1844.
  188. ^ Laurence Cornelius Neilson (1760?-1830), organist at Chesterfield, 1808-30.
  189. ^ Lilian Adelaide Neilson (1848–1880), actress; her real name Elizabeth Ann Brown; successively a mill hand at Guiseley, a nursemaid, and a barmaid; first appeared as Juliet in London, 1866: visited America, where she was very popular, 1872, 1874, 1876, and 1879: had no English rival as a tragedian; died suddenly in Paris.
  190. ^ Peter Neilson (1795–1861), poet and mechanical inventor; exporter of cotton goods to America, where he lived, 1822-8; proposed improvements to the lifebuoy, 1846; suggested iron-plated warships, 1848; wrote on slavery, 1846; his poems published, 1870.
  191. ^ Samuel Neilson (1761–1803), United Irishman: a woollendraper Interested in politics: suggested the idea of a united Irish society, which Theobald Wolfe Tone organised, 1791; to propagate it a bi-weekly newspaper was started (the Northern Star 1 ), 1792, with Neilson as editor; arrested for seditious libel, 1796, and his paper violently suppressed, 1797; released on condition of abstaining from conspiracy, February 1798; again took part in politics, and was re-arrested in May; included in the arrangement of July 1798 and banished; revisited Ireland. 1802, and, eluding the authorities, sailed for America, where he died.
  192. ^ William Neilson (1760M1821), grammarian: presbyterian minister and schoolmaster at Dundalk: professor of Greek and Hebrew in Belfast College, 1817: publishedGreek Exercises 1804 (eighth edition. 1840), an Irish grammar, 1808, Greek Idioms 1810, and Elenienta Lingute Gnecse 1820.
  193. ^ John Moore Neligan (1815–1863), physician : M.D. Edinburgh, 1836; lectured on materia medica and botany at Cork and Dublin; published compilations on medicines, 1844, scalp diseases, 1848, and skin diseases, 1852.
  194. ^ Sir Alexander Abercromby Nelson (1816-1893), lieutenant-general; entered the army, 1835: lieutenant, 1839; served at Kandahar and in Afcham.-tan, 1841-2; brigade-major at Portsmouth: major, 186ft; colonel, 1869; lieutenant-governor of Guernsey, 1870-83; major-general, 1880; lieutenant-general, 1883; K.r.l:., 1891.
  195. ^ Frances Herbert Nelson, Viscountess Nelson (1761–1831), nee Woodward; widow of Josiah Nisbet: married Horatio Nelson at Nevis in the West Indies, 1787, aud lived with him at Burnham Thorpe: corresponded affectionately with her husband till 1798, when she heard of his intimacy with Lady Hamilton; on hie return to England, 1800, they had aiu-rcatioiw, and separated early in 1801 Nelson 1.JOW. a year on her.
  196. ^ Horatio Nelson, Viscount Nelson (1758–1805), viae-admiral entered the navy, 1770: served in the West i commander, 1778; ported. 1779: compelled to I to England on account of ill-health, 178U: took a convoy to America, 178*: returned to the West Indies: placed on half-pay, 1783: went to St Omer to learn French: appointed to the Boreas, 1784, and rant attain to the Wet Indie*, where he sebed five American ships for irregular trading, and married Mrs. Nisbet, 1787; ordered home: TW* 1 "* 1 unemployed from 1787 to 1793, when be miltd in the Agamemnon for the Mediterranean; at Naples nrt net Sir William and Lady Hamilton, August 1793; Lord Hood having resolved on capturing Corsica, 1794, Netoon was landed in command of the seamen and marines and imooeMfuUy built and armed the batteries at Bastia; again with the hind forces at the surrender of Oalvi, where he had the sight of his right eye destroyed, 1794, after which battle the reduction of Corsica was complete: appointed commodore, 1796, and employed in harassing the Preach on shore and preventing their coasting trade: his share In the battle of Oape St. Vincent against the combined Kronen ana Spanish fleets, 13 Feb. 1797, a main cause of the victory: made K.B. and promoted rear-admiral; resumed his command of the inshore squadron, and in July 1797 failed to capture a treasureship at Santa Oruz, losing his rigntjarm; rejoined the fleet, April 1798, and was sent to watch the French at Toulon: sent to discover the whereabouts of the French which had succeeded in putting to sea, and take or oy it: arrived at Alexandria without getting any of the French, bat at last (1 Aug. 1798) discovered in Aboukir Bay, lying at anchor, close in shore; the French only prepared for an attack from the only two only prepared MO pot hi* fleet between them and the shore, and such overwhelming fire to bear on them, that only two frigates escaped; rewards bestowed on him from all the courts of Europe: created Baron Nelson of the Nile; returned to Naples, 1798; instructed to co-operate with the Austrian*, with whom the Neapolitan government, declaring war on France, had made an alliance; leftt for Leghorn, M NOT. 1798; Naples, unprotected on the land side, was Uken by the French, aided by the Neapolitan Jacobins, January 1799, and a capitulation with the rebels was agreed on by lUiffo, the commander of the royal forces; Nelson, on his return, annulled the capitulation and insisted on the absolute surrender of Neapolitan Jacobins; court-martialled and hanged Oaraociolo, a commodore of the Neapolitan navy who had deserted, restored the civil cower in Naples, and was made Duke of Bronte in Sicily: was infatuated with Lady Hamilton, and remained in close attendance on the Neapolitan court, regulating the blockade of Egypt and Malta from Palermo; obtained permission to return home on account of ill-health, 1800: travelled bac* overland in company with the Hamiltons; joined his wife in London, which resulted, after a few weeksacrimonious intercourse, in a separation; vice-admiral, 1801; sent to command the attack on Copenhagen, 1801; returned to England, an armistice being agreed on, and was created Viscount Nelson, 1801: shared bouses with the Hamiltons in London and at Merton in Surrey, the arrangement continuing after Sir W. Hamilton's death (April 1803). On the imminence of war, 1803, Nelson was appointed to the Mediterranean, and for two years kept a watch on the French fleet at Toulou under very adverse circumstances. In January 1806 Napoleon proposed to forma junction of the French and Spanish fleets in the West Indies, whence they were to return in overwhelming force to Europe; VilleMro eluded Nelson at Toulon and reached Martinique; "- contrary winds and false Intellireturned to Europe and was met by Sir Robert Calder; resumed com_J on 9 Oct. issued his celebrated memorandum with instructions to form in two columns: on the ranee of toe enemy (21 Oct.) off Oaoe Trafalgar reI tor mnuetf the tasVof restraining tne emr?va hurf ItiT'S* ih t trom tue mizeutop of the Redoubtable, of which his ship, the Victory, had run foul died * boari. }. iMt M the victory was complete; accorded a public funeral and burled in St. Paul's Cathedral.
  197. ^ John Nelson (1660–1721), New England statesman; went to Boston, r. 1G80: commanded Boston militia, 1689; captured by the French on his way to Accadia, 1691: gave information of the French designs on Boston; sent to the Bastille; while still in prison (1698), contrived to send further information to England; released soon after.
  198. ^ John Nelson (1707–1774), methodist ; stonemason : converted by John Wesley, 1739: pressed for a soldier: had considerable influence over the poor and ignorant; his journal subsequently published.
  199. ^ John Nelson (1726–1812), sculptor.
  200. ^ Richard John Nelson (1803–1877), major-general, royal engineers, and geologist; entered the army, 1826: superintended work in the Bermudas and studied their coral formation; captain, 1841; regimental colonel, 1854; commanding royal engineer at Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1858-61; major-general, 1864; chief work, 4 Geology of the Bermudas
  201. ^ Robert Nelson (1665–1715), religious writer; of St. Paul's School, London; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1678, but never resided; F.R.S., 1680; lived chiefly on the continent until 1691; became intimate with John Kettlewell, and joined the non-jurors before 1694; took an active part in the various charitable enterprises of the day, especially schools and parochial libraries; published a life of Dr. George Bull (1713) and other religious works.
  202. ^ Sydney Nelson (1800–1862), composer : pupil of Sir George Smart; visited America, Canada, and Australia; a prolific writer.
  203. ^ Thomas Nelson (fl. 1580), printer and balladwriter; obtained the freedom of the Stationers Company, 1580; chiefly published short tracts or ballads, most of which were by himself.
  204. ^ Thomas Nelson (1822–1892), publisher; entered his father's business at Edinburgh, 1839; established a London branch, 1844; invented a rotary press, 1850, now used for newspapers; children's books and school books produced by his firm; entered into partnership with Bartholomew & Co., map engravers.
  205. ^ William Nelson (fl. 1720), legal writer; of Trinity College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple, 1684; practised in chancery; wrote chiefly reports of chancery cases.
  206. ^ William Nelson , first Earl Nelson (1757–1835), brother of Horatio, viscount Nelson; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1781; rector of Brandon Parva, 1784; chaplain to the Boreas, 1784-6; D.D. Cambridge and Oxford, 1802; prebendary of Canterbury, 1803; succeeded his brother as second Baron Nelson, 1805; created Viscount Merton and Earl Nelson, 1805: on good terms with Lady Hamilton; succeeded in the title by his nephew.
  207. ^ William Nelson (1816–1887), publisher ; brother of Thomas Nelson (1822-1892); entered the publishing business, 1835; travelled and collected china and bronzes; interested himself in the improvement of Edinburgh,
  208. ^ Wolfred Nelson (1792–1863), Canadian insurgent; became doctor, brewer, and distiller at St. Denis: allied himself with Papineau and was imprisoned, 1837-8; elected to the Canadian assembly, 1845; chairman of the board of health, 1847; inspector of prisons, 1851; chairman of prison inspectors, 1859.
  209. ^ Richard Nelthorpe (d. 1685), conspirator; admitted of Gray's Inn, 1669; concerned in Rye House plot; escaped to Switzerland; landed with Monmouth, " "16; betrayed and executed.
  210. ^ Nennius (fl. 796), historian; the traditional author of the Historia Britonum; lived on the borders of Mercia, in Brecknock or Radnor, and was a pupil of Elbod, bishop of Bangor. There are several versions of the Historia: the North-Welsh, the South-Welsh, the Irish, and the English. The principal manuscripts are the Cambridge, the Harleian, and the Vatican. The Historia was first printed by Gale, 1691, in Scriptores Quindecim.
  211. ^ Saint Neot (d. 877?), Saxon anchoret; said to have been ordained by Bishop Alfheah, to have visited Rome seven times, to have preached much near Bodmin, and to have reproved Aelfred. whose kinsman he was.
  212. ^ Sir Evan Nepean, first baronet (1751-1822); administrator; clerk in the navy; Invitine un 'i -tat.- in tin- shcllinrne miiii-irv; secretary of the admiralty, 1795; created baronet. IKII-J;,-Ku i MONtM for Ireland for a few months, 1804; governor of Bombay, 1812-19.
  213. ^ Alexander Nequam (1167–1217). See Neckam.
  214. ^ Alfred Anthony Nesbit (1854–1894), analytical chemist; son of John Collis Neabit: invented an ink for preventing fraudulent alteration of cheques and postage stamps.
  215. ^ Anthony Nesbit (1778–1869), schoolmaster: started a school at Bradford, 1814; removed to Manchester, 1821, and to London, 1841: published works on hind surveying, also English Parsing 1817, and Arithmetic 1826.
  216. ^ Charlton Nesbit (1775–1838), wood-engraver; apprenticed to Thomas Bewick; moved to London, 1799; silver medallist of the Society of Arts, 1802; illustrated books.
  217. ^ John Collis Nesbit (1818–1862), agricultural chemist: son of Anthony Nesbit q. v.: introduced natural science teaching into bis father's school, which he converted into a chemical and agricultural college; F.G.S.; fellow of the Chemical Society, 1845; wrote chiefly on chemical manures.
  218. ^ John Nesbitt (1661–1727), Independent minister; displayed excessive protestant zeal and fled from Edinburgh, 1681; became a classical scholar in Holland; came to London, 1690: pastor in Hare Court, Aldersgate Street, London, 1691: published sermons.
  219. ^ Louisa Cranstoun Nesbitt (1812?–1868). See Nisbett.
  220. ^ Robert Nesbitt or Nisbet (d. 1761), physician; son of John Nesbitt; M.D. Leyden, 1721; created M.D. at Cambridge, 1728; F.R.O.P., 1729; filled many offices at the College of Physicians; wrote on osteology. (1793-188 IX
  221. ^ William Andrews Nesfield (1793-1881), artist; entered the army, 1809; served in the Peninsular war and in Canada: retired lieutenant, 1816; famous as a painter of cascades; exhibited at the Society of Painters in Water-colours, 1820-50; frequently consulted as a landscape gardener.
  222. ^ William Eden Nesfield (1835–1888), architect; son of William Andrews Nesfleld: studied under William Burn and Anthony Salviu; wrote on Mediaeval Architecture 1862.
  223. ^ Christopher John Williams Nesham (1771-1853), admiral; entered the nr.vy, 1782; in Norm a i id y at the outbreak of the revolution, 1789: lieutenant, 1790; commander, 1798; advanced to post rank, 1802; took part in the capture of Martinique, 1809; rear-admiral, 1837; vice-admiral, 1846; admiral, 1852.
  224. ^ Christopher Ness or Nesse (1621–1706), divine and author; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge; schoolmaster and preacher in various parts of Yorkshire: moved to London, r. 1674: excommunicated four times; wrote on election and predestination.
  225. ^ Nest or Nesta (c. 1095– c. 1114), mistress of Henry I; married (c. 1095) to Gerald of Windsor, constable of Pembroke Castle: abducted by Owen, son of Cadwgan, c. 1106; wife or mistress of Stephen, constable of Cardigan; mistress of Henry I, c. 1114.
  226. ^ Sir Francis Nethersole (1587–1659), secretary to the Electress Elizabeth; scholar, fellow, and tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1610: became secretary to James Hay, viscount Doucaster, afterwards; earl of Carlisle, 1619: accompanied him on his mission to the Elector Palatine: knighted, 1619; secretary to the Electress Palatine, 1C20-3; M.P., Corfe Castle, 1624,; 1625, and 1628; endeavoured unsuccessfully to raise 163S; imprisoned for a few money for the months for UK) eealouidy upportn.tr her, 1634; took no part in the civil wars and compounded for his estate, Hi.Vi: wrote political pamphlets advocating p* the signature 1 I); endowed school at Polwworth.
  227. ^ Thomas Netter or Walden (d. 1430), Carmelite; entered the Carmelite order at Ini.l..n; 1.D. "lonl; attended the Paris council, 1409; iniiu.-itor in Kngland: took prominent part in the persecution of the Wvcliffite*; confessor to n. nry V and one of the Bnglifth repn-enutive* at Constance, 1416: sent on a mtaion to tfMtataw, king of Poland, 1419, to prevent the failure 01 the papal army against the Hottite*; coofenor to Henry VI, accompanying him to France, 1430; died at Rouen. He iu-titutwl the Carmelite nuns in England aud defended the Roman catholic faith against Wycliffe and Huss. His chief work was Doctrinale Fidei Ecclesiae Catholicae contra Wiclevistas et Hussitas, and he probably wrote part of Fasciculi Zizaniorum Johannis Wyclif.
  228. ^ Sir John Netterville , second Viscount Netterville of Dowth (d. 1659), joined Lord Moore at Drogheda on the outbreak of the Irish rebellion. 1641; sent to Dublin, being distrusted, and was imprisoned for about a year, 1642-3: on his release joined Preston's Leinster army, but afterwards adhered to Ormonde and Clanricarde, 1648; retired to England, 1653.
  229. ^ Lucas de Netterville or Nutrevilla (d. 1227), archbishop of Armagh; archdeacon of Armagh, 1207; archbishop, 1216; commenced a Dominican monastery, 1224.
  230. ^ Richard Netterville (1545?–1607), Irish lawyer; imprisoned when sent (1576) on a mission to Queen Elizabeth for the abolition of the cess; released on account of the plague, 1577; M.P., co. Dublin, 1686.
  231. ^ Stephen Nettles (fl. 1644), controversialist; fellow Queens' College, Cambridge, 1699: M. A., 1602: B.D. Corpus Ohristi College, Cambridge, 1611: held preferments in Essex, 1610: ejected, 1644.
  232. ^ Henry Nettlebhip (1839–1893), Latin scholar : educated at Charterhouse School: scholar of Corpus Christ! College, Oxford, 1857: won the Hertford scholarship and the Gaisford prize, 1869, and a Craven scholarship, 1861; B.A., 1661; fellow and tutor of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1862: assistant-master at Harrow, 1868; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1873; Corpus professor of Latin, 1878-93: spent many years on the study of Latin lexicography; wrote on the classics.
  233. ^ Richard Lewis Nettleship (1846–1892), fellow and tutor of Balliol College, Oxford; brother of Henry Nettleship; scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, 1864; Hertford scholar, 1866; Ireland scholar, 1867; Gaisford prizeman, 1868; Graven scholar, 1870; Arnold prizeman, 1873; fellow of Balliol, 1869-92; died from exposure attempting to ascend Mont Blanc; published an essay on The Theory of Education in Plato's Republicin 'Hellenica 1880; formed collections for a history of The Normans In Italy and Sicily
  234. ^ Frederick de Neuhoff (1726?-1797). See Colonel Frederick.
  235. ^ John Nevay (d. 1672), covenanter: nephew of Andrew Cant: M.A. Aberdeen, 1626; strongly opposed to all set forma of prayer; joined the whigamores, 1648, and the extreme covenanters, 1650; banished, 1660; died in Holland.
  236. ^ John Nevay (1792–1870), poet; a handloom weaver; gained repute as a lyric poet.
  237. ^ Cornelius Neve (Jl. 1637–1664), portrait-painter ; of Netherlandish origin; painted portraits now at Petworth, Knole, and Oxford.
  238. ^ Jeffery Neve or Le Neve (1679–1664), astrologer; merchant and alderman of Great Yarmouth; bailiff of Yarmouth, 1620; deputy water-bailiff of Dover, 1636; commissioned to encourage archery, 1628-31; M.D. Franeker; established himself in London: author of An Almanacke and Prognostication 1607-24, and a manuscript Vindicta Astrologiae Judiciariae.
  239. ^ Timothy Neve (1694-1757), divine and antiquary; B.A., St John's College. Cambridge, 1714: schoolmaster at Spalding, 1716-29; minor canon of Peterborough, 1729ided at Peterborough a Gentleman's Society; of Lincoln, 1744: archdeacon of Huntingdon, 1747.
  240. ^ Timothy Neve (1724–1798). divine; son of Tlmottu 17S7): M.A. Corpus OhrUti College Oxford, 1744; D.D.. 1758; rector of Middleton Stoney, 1759; Lady Margaret professor of divinity at Oxford, 1783; pn-b,Midarv of Worcester, 1783; publMi.-d a vitnl ication of the Protestant reformation, 1766.
  241. ^ John Nevell (d. 1697), vice-admiral : li-utcn:int, 1675: commander. 1682: posted, 1682; rear-admiral, 16M- commanded off Dunkirk, Ifiw: -omniander-inchief in the Mediterranean, 1696: vice-admiral and ordered to the Went Indies, 1697: endeavoured nti-ucrcwfully to intercept the French fleet after the attack on Cartagena: died of fever on the coast of Virginia.
  242. ^ Alan de Neville (d. 1191?). judge of the exchequer. 1166: justice of the forests, 1166; excommuuicat.,1 for supporting Henry II against Becket, 1166; went to Jerusalem, but was again excommunicated, 1168.
  243. ^ Alexander Neville (d. 1392), archbishop of York; son of Ralph, fourth baron Neville: prebendary of York, 1361; archdeacon of Durham, 1369-71: succeeded Tboresby as archbishop of York, 1373: engaged in various ecclesiastical quarrels, and was a conspicuous member of the court party: appealed of treason, 1388, and deprived: died at Louvain.
  244. ^ Alexander Neville (1544–1614), scholar; brother of Thomas Neville; M.A. Cambridge, 1581; studied law and became secretary to Archbishop Parker, and edited for him Tabula Heptarchiae Saxonicae; wrote a Latin account of Kett's rebellion, 1575, with a description of Norwich and its antiquities; translated Seneca's Oedipus into ballad metre, 1563; published Academiae Cantabrigiensis lacrymae tumulo... P. Sidneij sacratae per A. Nevillum 1587.
  245. ^ Anne Neville (1456–1486). See Anne.
  246. ^ Charles Neville , sixth Earl of Westmorland (1543–1601), son of Henry, fifth earl of Westmorland ; succeeded his fattier, 1563; endeavoured with the Earl of Northumberland to release Mary Queen of Scots 1569, and marched towards Tutbury: after the removal of Mary to Coventry and retreat of the rebels went to Louvain; was attainted, 1571, losing his estates; lived at Maastricht, c. 1577; went to Rome, 1581: died at Nieuport.
  247. ^ Christopher Neville (fl. 1569), rebel; son of Ralph, fourth earl of Westmorland; a leader in the northern rebellion of 1669; fled to Scotland and then to the Low Countries, where he died.
  248. ^ Cuthbert Neville (. 1669), son of Ralph, fourth earl of Westmorland; took part in the 1569 rebellion, fled to the Low Countries, and died there.
  249. ^ Edmund Neville (1560?-1618), conspirator: claimed to be heir to his grand-uncle, fourth Baron Latimer, r. 1684; implicated in Parry's plot, 1584; imprisoned in the Tower of London, 1684-95; died in Brussels.
  250. ^ Edmund Neville (1606-1647), Jesuit; studied at St Omer and Rome: professed of the four vows, 1640: miskioiwr in England; wrote on Christian fortitude, 1630.
  251. ^ Edward Neville (d. 1476), first Baron of Bergavenny or Abergavenny (the form finally adopted 1730), son of Ralph Neville, first earl of Westmorland ; married Elizabeth Beauchamp, heiress of Klcliard. earl of Worcester, who had Inherited the castle and lands of Bergavenny; obtained possession of his fatber-in-lawV lands. 14S6, but did not definitely acquire the castle and lordship of Ik-rgavenny till 1480; servel in Normandy, 1449, and follc.u.-.! the heads of his family m tlw rlvil strife; sat regularly in the privy council and In the north, 1462; commissioner of array for Kent.
  252. ^ Sir Edward Neville (d. 1538), courtier : brother of George Neville, third baron Bergavenny; held many court offices; knighted at Tournay, 1613; held command in the army in France, 1628; assisted at Anne Boleyn's coronation. 1533, and Prince Edward's baptism, 1537; found guilty of conspiring with the Poles and beheaded.
  253. ^ Edward Neville properly Scarisbrick ((1639–1709), Jesuit; assumed the name Neville, 1660; profess*! of the four vows. 1H77; English missioner and royal chaplain, 1686; on the continent, 1688-93; published sermons.
  254. ^ Geoffrey de Neville (d. 1225), baron; son of Alan de Neville; king's chamberlain, 1207; his fidelity to John rewarded with grants of land and the shrievalty of Yorkshire, 1214; seneschal of Poiton and Gascony, 1215-19; reappoiuted, 1223; died in Gascony.
  255. ^ Geoffrey de Neville (d. 1285), baron; brother of Robert de Neville (. 1282); sided with the king in the baronswar; constable of Dover Castle, 1265, of Scarborough, 1270; served against Llywelyn, 1276 and 1282.
  256. ^ George Neville (1433?–1476), bishop of Exeter, archbishop of York, and chancellor of England; son of Richard Neville, first earl of Salisbury, prebendary of York, 14,46: B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1450; M.A., 1452; chancellor of Oxford University, 1453-7; received much ecclesiastical preferment: bishop-elect of Exeter, 1465; consecrated. 1458: avoided being compromised in the rebellion of his family, 1459, and on their successful return to London became chancellor, 1460; succeeded in detaching Louis XI of France from the Lancastrians and obtaining a commercial truce with Flanders at a con ference at Hesdin, 1463: arranged a peace with Scotland, 1464 -.celebrated his installation (1465) in the archbishopric of York with great extravagance: deprived of the seal, 1467; was apparently reconciled to Edward IV, 1468, but performed the marriage (1469) between Warwick's elder daughter Isabel and the Duke of Clarence, and, on Edward's flight to Holland, 1470, became chancellor to Henry VI: surrendered Henry VI and himself to Edward IV when Edward entered London as victor, 1471; was imprisoned for two months only, and thought himself restored to favour, but (1472) was seized secretly and imprisoned in France till 1475, and his hinds and see forfeited. He was a benefactor of Balliol College, Oxford, and saved Lincoln College, Oxford, from confiscation, 1462.
  257. ^ George Neville , third Baron of Bergavenny (1461 ?-1535), brother of Sir Edward Neville; K.B., 1483; succeeded his father, 1492; warden of the Cinque ports and K.G., 1613; arrested on account of his knowledge of the schemes of his father-in-law, Edward Stafford, third duke of Buckingham, 1521: released, 1622; commanded in the army in France, 1523.
  258. ^ George Neville (1509–1567), divine; son of Richard, second baron Latimer; B.A. Cambridge, 1524: D.D.; held many livings and (c. 1558) became archdeacon of Carlisle.
  259. ^ George Neville , afterwards Grenville (1789-1854), son of Richard Aldworth Griffin-Neville; of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 10; nominated master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1813, inherited the property and assumed the surname of his uncle Thomas Grenville (1755-1846), 1825: dean of Windsor, 1846.
  260. ^ Grey Neville (1681–1723), politician; M.P., Abingdon, 1706, Wallingford, 1708, Berwick-on-Tweed, 1715; joined the Walpole section of the whigs.
  261. ^ Henry Neville , fifth Earl of Westmorland (1525?-1563), son of Ralph Neville, fourth earl of Westmorland; knighted, 1544: succeeded as earl. 1550; K.G., 1552; supported Queen Mary on Edward VI's death: lieutenant-general of the north, 1558-9.
  262. ^ Sir Henry Neville (1564?–1615), courtier and diplomatist; matriculated from Merton College, Oxford, 1677; created M.A.,1605; sat in parliament from coming of age till his death; knighted and sent as ambassador to France, 1599; imprisoned in the Tower of London for complicity in Essex's plot, 1600-3: identified himself with the popular party.
  263. ^ Henry Neville (1564?-1615), political and miscellaneous writer; grandson of Sir Henry Neville (1564?-1015); educated at Merton and University colleges, Oxford; visit4ii Italy: M.P., Reading. ItiftH; arrested MI suspicion of implication in tin- York-liirv ri-ing, 1663; released, 1GG4; author of some conr-e lampoons and a successful story, The Isle of Pines (1668); translated Macchiavelli's works.
  264. ^ Hugh de Neville (d. 1222), baron; accompanied Richard I to Palestine, 1190: present at the siege of Joppa, 1192; chief-justi.-c of for.-t-. 11!K; one of King John's chief advisers, but on his death joined the barons; a benefactor of Waltham Abbey,
  265. ^ Hugh de Neville (d. 1234), son of Hugh de Neville (d. 1222): chief justice and warden of forests, 1223.
  266. ^ Sir Humphrey Neville (1439?-1469), insurgent; imprisoned in the Tower for joining Henry VI, 1461; eeaK-d aii'i was pardoned ami knighU-d, 1403; again joined tin- l.aiira-trian-. ! li.-l: raised a freh revolt, 1409, which wi -uppre-*d by Warwick: beheaded at York.
  267. ^ John de Neville, fifth Baron Neville of Raby (d. 1388), son of Ralph Neville, fourth baron Neville ; fought in Gascony, 1345, 1349, and 1360; knighted, 1360: succeeded his father, 1367; K.G., 1369; admiral of the fleet, 1370: negotiated an offensive and defensive alliance with John de Montfort, duke of Brittany. 1372: commanded at the siege of Bnt: impeached, 1376, but his impeachment was reversed. 1377; as lieutenant of Aquitaine, 1378. recovered many towns and forts; constantly employed on the Scottish bonier after 1381. He founded a chantry in the Charterhouse at Coventry, erected a screen in Durham Cathedral, and built a great part of Raby Castle.
  268. ^ John Neville, Marquis of Montagu and Earl of Northumberland (d. 1471), son of Richard Neville, first earl of Salisbury; knighted, 1449: took part in the northern conflicts 1465 and 1457; taken prisoner and confined in Chester Castle, 1459: released after the battle of Northampton, 1460, raised to the peerage as Baron Montagu, 1165: imprisoned at York after the second battle of St. Albans, 1461, but liberated by Kdtard after Towton, 1461; kept employed in the north: K.G., 1462: commissioner to arrange definite peace with the Scots, 1463: avoided Humphrey Neville's ambush; utterly defeated the Lancastrians at Hexham, 1464, for which he was rewarded with the estates and eurldom of Northumberland, 1464; joined the Lancastrians in anger that the estates and earldom of Northumberland were restored to Henry Percy (1446-1489): allowed Edward IV to land in Yorkshire, but fought on the Lancastrian side at Barnet, where he was slain: his body exposed for two days at St. Paul's ami then interred at Bisham Abbey.
  269. ^ John Neville, third Baron Latimer (1490?-1543), son of Richard Neville, second baron Latimer q. v.; secured valuable grants of land; succeeded his father, 1531; implicated in the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1636: second husband of Catherine Parr, afterwards sixth wife of Henry VIII.
  270. ^ Jollan de Neville (d. 1246), judge; justice in eyre in Yorkshire and Northumberland, 1234-11: sat at Westminster, 1241-5; possibly author or part author of the Testa de Nevill
  271. ^ Ralph Neville (d. 1244), bishop of Chichester and chancellor; clerk of the seal under Peter des Roches,: , 1213; held many preferments; became vice-chancellor, c. 1220; chancellor and bishop of Chichester, 1222; justiciar in Shropshire, 1224; lord chancellor, 1226; his election as archbishop of Canterbury (1231) quashed by Gregory IX; granted the Irish chancellorship for life, 1232; assent to Neville's election as bishop of Winchester (1238) refused by Henry III; forcibly deprived of the seal, 1238, but restored to office, 1242.
  272. ^ Ralph de Neville, fourth Baron Neville of Raby (1291?–1367), seneschal of the household; succeeded his father, 1331; with Henry Percy, lord Percy (1299 7-1352), made warden of the marches, 1334; assisted in the victory of Neville's Cross, near Durham, 1346: made David Bruce prisoner and was much occupied with negotiations for Bruce's release: for a time governor of ?. 13??.
  273. ^ Ralph Neville , sixth Baron Neville of Raby and first Earl of Westmorland (1364-1425), son of John de Neville, fifth baron Nevill.-; 1380: JMiccei-dul hi- fiith-r, 13**; joint .ml eon-taiith einjiloved in JMM. with Scotland; closely connected with the coin asi*ted at the trial of the U.r.l-:,j,--l:-m. i:w7: created Earl of Westmorland, i:i;7; took j.;, hard II, 1399, and conveyed hi- r. -urnatioi dinted at H.M.. IV- e,,roi.;.n.. n: mar-),..; of Knffhmd, 1899; captain of Hoxbnryh Ca-tle an.1 K., (f the wi-t man-he- after the battle,f -hre-A -l.nry, 1403, whore Hotspur wa -lain; in the revolt. 14ti5, threw him-If iM-tv.een the two main bodies of the rvoelx, rrxiutl the Cleveland foree, and took Soropc and Mowbray primnerrt: constantly occupied in negotiations with Scotland; atiisted the nveut Bedford, and was one of toe of linns V- Ail!: tx-nelactnr of Staindrop ami great builder.
  274. ^ Ralph Neville, second Earl of Westmorland (d. 1484), grandson of Ralph Neville, first earl; married a daughter of Hotspur (Sir Henry Percy (13641403) ).
  275. ^ Ralph Neville , fourth Earl of Westmorland (1499-1550), great-nephew of Ralph Neville, sei-owl earl of Westmorland: receivel livery of his lauds, 1620; knighted, 1M'3; K.(J., 1525; vice- warden of the east and middle marches; chief commissioner to treat with Scotland, 1525; privy councillor. l. r 2,; remained loyal during the Pilgrimage of Grace, 153ti; member of the council of the north, 1515.
  276. ^ Richard Neville , first (fifth?) Earl of Salisbury (1400-1460), son of Ralph Neville, first earl of Westmorland; warden of the west march, 1420: married Alice, only child of Thomas de Montacute, fourth earl of Salisbury, 1426: became Earl of Salisbury in right of his wife, 1429; joined Henry VI in France, 1431; warden of both marches, 1434; helped to arrest Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, 1447; persuaded York to lay down his arms, 1462; chancellor during the Duke of York's protectorate, 1453-5; by a victory at Blore Heath effected a junction with York at Ludlow, 1459, with whom, when defeated at L ml ford, he fled to France and was attainted in his absence; returned with Warwick, 1460, and remained in charge of London while Warwick went to meet the Lancastrians at Northampton; his attainder removed and himself made chamberlain. 1460; captured the night after the battle of Wakefield, taken to 1'ontefract Castle, and murdered there.
  277. ^ Richard Neville , Earl of Warwick and Salisbury (1428–1471), the ' king-maker ' ; son of Richard Neville, first earl of Salisbury: married Anne, only daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, earl of Warwick; succeeded to the title and estates in right of his wife, 1449: when Richard, duke of York, claimed the regency, 1453, sided with York, took up arms with him. 1455, and distinguished himself in the first battle of St. Albans, 1455, rewarded with the captaincy of Calais where he entered into negotiations with Philip of Burgundy, 1467; took part in thelove-dayprocession, 1458; made a popular hero in England by his attack on a fleet of Spanish ships off Calais, 1458; brought into Calais five great carracks of Spain and Genoa, 1459; with York at Ludlow, but returned to Calais in time to close its gates against Somerset, who had been appointed to succeed him by Queen Margaret: landed at Sandwich, June 1460, and marched to London, which was friendly; gained an easy victory at Northampton, 1460, and brought the captive King Henry VI to London, after which matters were compromised by making York heir-presumptive, an arrangement which came to nothing, since the Lancastrians rallied in December at Wakefield, 1460, and York and Salisbury, the king-maker's * father, were both killed: became Earl of Salisbury, K.G., and great chamberlain. 1461; lost control of King Henry VI by the victory of Queen Margaret at the second battle of St. Albans, 1461; joined Edward, the young duke of York (afterwards Kd ward IV), who had been victorious at Mortimer's Cross, 1461, and assisted in declaring him king; with F.-lwanl followed the Lancastrians and defeated them at Towton, March 1461; confirmed in all his offices by Edward IV at his coronation: the real ruler of England during the first three years of Edward's reign: secured ascendency for Hdward IV at home and honour abroad: annoyed at Edward TV's marriage with Elizabeth Woodville, 1464, and at to negotiate with foreign pow.-r-;tvvtr.ling to the of the Woodvilles: withdrew from court, 1467; hU daughter InatM to the Duke of Clarence early 1449 at Oalat*. and instig.itl tlio revolt of llobin of Itatodalc.nrhviin- lum-.-liu-t alter the victory of Northampton, Jul v 1469: kept k-lward IV pri-oner. t.utu:iobUgfd to release him to suppress a rising in York-bin-: with Clarence fomented fresh dfatanteMM, February 1470: wai defeated at Stamford by Edward IV, 1470, but Moaprd to Honfleur; joined the Lancastrians, anl after ome difficulty persuaded Queen Margaret to accept his aid: laodeii in England, September 147U, advanced on London, and proclaimed Henry VI kin* Edward IV being compelled to flee to Flanders: maintaine.1 hi posiUon with difficulty, and when (March 1471) Edward IV landed in Yorkshire, allowed him to pass and proclaim himself kin*: defeated and slain by Edward IV at Barnet. 14 April 1471: his Ixriy exposed for two dnys in St. Paul's Cathedral and buried at Bisham Abbey. Warwick devoted himself to the acquisition of power for himself and his family: be was singularly energetic, and his genuine diplomatic talent, favoured by opportunity, enabled him to grasp and utilise almost royal power. His title of the 4 king-maker is not traceable further back than the Latin history of Scotland of John Major (1469-1560)
  278. ^ Richard Neville, second Baron Latimer (1468-1530) succeeded his father, 1469; served on the northern border: made lieutenant-general, ???1622: commissioner for the north, ???1626.
  279. ^ Richard Aldworth Griffin-Neville, second Baron Braybrooke (1760-1825), son of Richard Neville AMworth Neville; M.P. for Orampound, 1774, for Reading, 1782-96: succeeded his father's maternal uncle M Baron Braybrooke ami assumed the name Griffin, 1797; lord-lieutenant of Essex, 1798.
  280. ^ Richard Cornwallis Neville, fourth Baron Braybrooke (1820-1861), archaeologist; son of Richard Griffin Neville, third baron Braybrooke; entered the army, 1837: served in Canada. 1842; F.S.A., 1847; brought to light the Roman station at Great Chesterford, and the Saxon cemeteries near Little Wilbraham and Linton: wrote abont his discoveries; succeeded his father, 188.
  281. ^ Richard Griffin Neville , third Baron Braybrooke (1783–1858), son of Richard Aidworth Griffin-Neville, second baron; was educated at Eton and Oxford; M.P. from 1805 until his succession to the peerage, 18S6: was first editor of Pepys's Diary 1825.
  282. ^ Richard Neville Aldworth Neville (1717-17930, statesman; originally Aldworth, assumed name of Seville on succeeding to his maternal uncle's widow's property, 1762: educated at Eton and Merton College, Oxford: travelled in Switzerland and Italy: M P, Reading, 1747, Wallingford, 1764-61, Tavistock, 1761-74; under-secretory of state under Bedford, 1748; secretary to the embassy at Paris, 1762-3.
  283. ^ Robert de Neville, second Baron Neville of Raby (d. 1282), brother of Geoffrey de Neville (d. 1285); succeeded his father, 1264; governor of northern castles; chief-justice of forests, 1264: reinstated on the final defeat of the barons and made chief assessor in the northern counties, 1278.
  284. ^ Robert Neville (1404–1457), bishop of Salisbury and Durham: son of Ralph Neville, first earl of Westmorland; received much ecclesiastical preferment and (1427) became bishop of Salisbury: founded Shcrborne aloMboosec: translated to Durham, 1438: built toeExchequer* near Durham Castle: visited by Henry VI, 1448; commissioner in the truces with Scotland,1449 and 14*7.
  285. ^ Robert Neville or Nevile (d. 1694), dramatist and divine; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge: M.A 1664: B.D. by royal mandate, 1671; rector of Anstie, 1671; published The Poor Scholar 1673.
  286. ^ Sir Thomas Neville (d. 1542), speaker of the House of Commons; brother of George Neville, third baron of Bergavenny: member of Henry VIII's household, and privy councillor; M.P., Kent, and speaker, SEiSKtS: * """ ""; T*
  287. ^ Thomas Neville (d. 1615), dean of Canterbury brother of Alexander Neville (1544- 1614); fellow, Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1570; master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1582: prebendary of Ely, 1587; D.D., I 1688; vice-chancellor of Cambridge, 1588; dean of Peterborough. 1590: master of Trinity College, Cambridge 503-1615: dean if Canterbury. 1597; assisted largely in rebuilding Trinity College, and contributed to the library benefactor of Eastbridge Hospital, Canterbury.
  288. ^ Sir William de Neville (d. 1389?), lollard; son of Ralph de Neville, fourth baron Neville of Raby: admiral of the fleet north of the Thames, 1372; a member , of the king's household: supported the lollard movement.
  289. ^ William Neville; Baron Fauconberg, afterwards Earl of Kent (fl.–1463), son of Ralph Neville, first earl of Westmorland: knighted, 1426: became Baron Fauconberg in right of his wife Joan. 1424 served ) in Normandy, 1436 and 1439-40: K.G., 1439; taken prisoner at Pont de l'Arche, 1449: keeper of Roxburgh Castle, 1452; remained as Warwick's lieutenant at Calais 1459; took prominent part at Towton, 14C1; raised to the earldom of Kent, 1460; when admiral of the Channel fleet (1462) failed to intercept Queen Margaret.
  290. ^ William Neville (fl. 1618), poet : son of Richard Neville, second baron Latimer; author of The Castell of Pleasure printed by Hary Pep well, 1518 and Wynkyn de Worde.
  291. ^ Henry Neville-Payne (fl. 1672–1710). See Payne.
  292. ^ Thomas Nevin (1686?–1744), Irish presbyterian minister; M.A.., Glasgow; ordained minister of Downpatrick, 1711; charged with Arianism by Charles Echlin, 1724, when the civil courts dismissed the case, but the general synod struck him off the roll; readmitted, 1726.
  293. ^ John Nevison (1639–1684), highwayman; served in Holland; took to highway robbery, c. 1660; convicted and imprisoned at York, 1676: escaped: a reward offered for his apprehension, which was effected at Thorp, 1685; hanged at York.
  294. ^ David Nevoy, Lord Reidie (d. 1683), Scottish judge ; appointed lord of session and knighted, 1661.
  295. ^ Alexander Nevyle (1644–1614). See Neville.-
  296. ^ Christopher Nevynson (d. 1551), lawyer; cousin of Stephen Nevynson; admitted advocate, 1539; commissioner for diocesan visitations and heresy trials, 1547.
  297. ^ Stephen Nevynson (d. 1581?), prebendary of Canterbury; fellow and tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1544; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1648: LL.D., 1553; commissioner for diocesan visitations, 1559; commissary-general of Canterbury, 1560; canon of Canterbury before 1563; vicar-general of Norwich, 1666.
  298. ^ Lord Newabbey (1596–1646). See Robert Spottiswoode.
  299. ^ Robert Stirling Newall (1812–1889), engineer and astronomer; invented wire-ropes, 1840; laid many submarine telegraph cables: invented the brakedrumand cone for laying cables in deep seas, 1853; made a series of drawings of the sun, 1848-52; had a large telescope made, 1871: wrote on submarine cables; P.R.A.S., 1864; F.R.S., 1875; M.I.M.E., 1879.
  300. ^ Newark first LORD (d. 1682). See David Leslie.
  301. ^ Henry of Newark or Newerk (d. 1299), archbishop of York: received much preferment; prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1271; archdeacon of Richmond, 1281; prebendary of York before 1283: commissioner to arrange services due to Edward I, 1283; dean of York, 1290; present at Norham, at the process between the claimants to the Scottish crown, 1291; archbishop of York, 1296-9.
  302. ^ Geoffrey de Newbald or Newbaud (d. 1283), judge; assessor of the fifteenth in Norfolk and Suffolk, 1275; justice, 1276; chancellor of the exchequer, 1277.
  303. ^ Francis Newbery (1743–1818), publisher; son of John Newbery; succeeded to his father's business, 1767; wrote a voluminous account of Goldsmith's death; scholar, poet, and lover of music; his classical translations published as Donum Amicis (1815).
  304. ^ John Newbery (1713-1767), publisher and originator of children's books; assistant-editor of the Reading Mercury 1730; cotnbine.1 p:t-nt medicine selling and publihiiii in London, 1744; identified him- j self with newspaper enterprise; first to imue boolu upecnilly for children: planned, if he did not Giles Gingerbread, Mrs Margery Two Shoes and Tommy Trip and his Dog Jowler: Dr. Johnson, Oliver CoMsuuth.:hntoph-r Smart, and Lr. Dodd auiong hi* literary clients.
  305. ^ Ralph Newbery or Rafe (fl. 1590), publisher: made free of the Stationers Company, 1567; published Hakluyt's Voyages, Holinshed's Chronicles 1574, Barnabe Googe's Ecloges 1563, and Stow's Annals 1580, 1599, and 1600.
  306. ^ Thomas Newbery (fl. 1563), author of 'Dives Pragmaticus' 1563, a work to teach children to read and write.
  307. ^ Thomas Newbery ( A. 1666), printer; published Rules for the Government of the Tongue, 1656.
  308. ^ Thomas John Newbold (1807–1850), traveller ; obtained commission under the East India Company, 1828; lieutenant, 1834; aide-de-camp to brigadier-general Wilson, 1885-40; collected in his constant intercourse with Malayan chiefs materials for his book on the Straits of Malacca, 1839; studied the geology of Southern India; R.A.S., 1841; captain, 1842: assistant at Kurnool, 18431848, at Hyderabad, 1848; dial at Mahabuleshwar.
  309. ^ William Williamson Newbould (1819–1886), botanist; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1845; was ordained, 1844, but did not officiate regularly; fellow of, the Botanical Society of Kdinburgh, 1841; an original member of the Ray Society, 1844; F.IS., 1863: devoted himself to helping scientific workers; Newbouldia (Bignoniacea)) named after him.
  310. ^ Newbubgh first EARL of (d. 1670). See James Livingstone.
  311. ^ Countess of Newburgh (rf. 1765). See Charlotte Maria Radcliffe.
  312. ^ Henry de Newburgh, Neubourg, or Beaumont, first Earl of Warwick (d. 1123), lord of Neubourg in Normandy; keeper of Warwick Castle, 1068; created Earl of Warwick by William II; friend of Henry I; benefactor of Préaux Abbey and the monks of Warwick..
  313. ^ William of Newburgh (1136–1198?). See William.
  314. ^ Lord Newbyth (1620–1698). See John Baird.
  315. ^ Hugh of Newcastle (d. 1322), Franciscan: pupil of Duns Scotus; attended the chapter of Perugia, 1322; wrote on Antichrist; buried at Paris.
  316. ^ Newcastle -ON TYNE, DUKES OF. See CAVENDISH, first DUKE, 1592–1676 : HOLLES, JOHN, first duke of the second creation, 1662-1711.
  317. ^ Newcastle -ON-TYNE, DUCHESS OF (1624?–1674). See Margaret Cavendish.
  318. ^ Newcastle -UNDER-LYME, DUKES OF. See Pelham -HOLLES, THOMAS, first DUKK, 1693–1768; Henry Fiennes Clinton, second DUKE, 1720–1794; Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, fourth DUKE, 1785-1851; CLINTON, HBNRY PELHAM FIENNES PELHAM, fifth DUKE, 1811-1864.
  319. ^ Thomas Newcomb (1682?-1762), poet; B.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1704; dm plain to the Duke of Richmond and rector of Stopham, 1705: published Bibliotheca (satire), 1712, and, by subscription, 4 The Last Judgment of Men and Angels 1723: suffered in old age from poverty, gout, and rheumatism: wrote much, chiefly odes.
  320. ^ Thomas Newcombe , the elder (1627–1681 ), king's printer to Charles II; was proprietor and printer of I'uMi.-u- and other newspapers; granted the pau-nt of kind's prinu-r f.r thirty yean, 1676.
  321. ^ Thomas Newcombe , the younger (d. 1691), son of Thomas Newoombe the elder; king printer to ( -harks II, James II, and William II I.
  322. ^ Henry Newcome (1627-1695), nonconformist minister; M.A. St.John's College, Cambridge, 1651; schoolmaster at Congleton, 1647; received preibyterian ordination: curate of Goostrey. 1648; rector of Gawsworth. 1650; elected preacher at the collegiate church, Manchester, 1666, but not retained on ita reconstitotion, lfio: continued to preach till IMS: took out a licence, 1672, and performed -.id. inini-trattonii an be could in and near Manchester; moderator of a meeting of the United Brethren, 1693: kept a diary (part published) and wrote devotional works.
  323. ^ Henry Newcome (1650–1713), divine; of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; son of Henry Newcome (1627-1696); rector of Tattenhall, 1676, of Middleton, 1701.
  324. ^ Peter Newcome (1666–1738), divine; of Magdalene College, Cambridge. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, and Brasenose College, Oxford; son of Henry Newcome (1627-1695); vicar of Aldenham, 1688, of Hackney, 1708.
  325. ^ Peter Newcome (1727–1797), antiquary; grandson of Peter Newcome (1666-1738); prebendary of Llandaff, 1757; wrote a history of St. Albans Abbey, 1793-5.
  326. ^ William Newcome (1729–1800), archbishop of Armagh; grand-nephew of Henry Newcome (1627-1696); scholar of Pembroke College, Oxford, 1746; removed to Hertford College and became fellow (176X) tutor, and vice-principal; M.I., 1753; D.D., 1765; bishop of Dromore, 1766; translated to Ossory, 1775, to Waterford and Lismore, 1779; finally became archbishop of Armagh, 1795; worked at the revision of the whole bible; his work chiefly exegetical.
  327. ^ Elias Newcomen (1560?-1614), schoolmaster; second cousin of Matthew Newoomen; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1572; fellow; set up a school near London; incumbent of Stoke- Fleming, luoo; translated from the Dutch an account of the events in the Netherlands,,-. 1576.
  328. ^ Matthew Newcomen (1610?–1669), ejected minister, and one of the authors of Smectymnuus; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1633; lecturer at Dedham, 1636; headed the church reform party in Essex; assisted Edmund Calamy the elder, whose sister-in-law he had married, to write Smectymnuus (published 1641); preached before parliament, 1643; protested against the agreement 1649; became pastor of the English church at Leyden, 1662; died of the plague at Leyden.
  329. ^ Thomas Newcomen (1603?–1666), royalist divine; brother of Matthew Newcomen; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1629: incumbent of Holy Trinity, Colchester, 1628; a strong royalist: rector of Clothall, 1653; D.D. by mandamus; prebendary of Lincoln, 1660.
  330. ^ Thomas Newcomen (1663–1729), inventor of the atmospheric steam-engine; great-grandson of Elias Newcomen; an ironmonger or blacksmith of Dartmouth; corresponded with Dr. Hooke on Papiu's proposals to obtain motive power by exhausting the air from a cylinder furnished with a piston (John Calley or Cawley, a glazier, was associate! with him in this invention): entered into partnership with Thomas Savery , who had taken out a patent for raising water from mines, 1698; so greatly improved Savery patent, which had been up to that time rather unsuccessful, that it furnished the model for pumpiiitf-i-utrines for threequarters of a ivutury: there are two prints extant of Newcomen's engine, which was a beam engine of familiar type, of five and a-half horse-power, raising fifty gallons of water per minute from a depth of a hundred and fifty-six feet.
  331. ^ Richard Newcourt, the elder (d, 1679), topographical draughtsman; executed a map of London and the suburbs (published by William Faithorne, 1658), only two copies of which are extant.
  332. ^ Richard Newcourt, the younger (. 1716), author of Repertorium Ecclesiasticum; son of Richard Newoourt the elder; principal registrar of London, 1669-96; published the Repertorium Ecclesiasticum 1708-10. *! 329 1
  333. ^ Charles Newdigate Newdegate (1816-1887), politician; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; . Hi!: conservative M.P. for North Warwickshire, 1843-85; privy councillor, 1886; published letters on trade, 1849-51.
  334. ^ John Newdegate or Newdigate (1641IftMk scholar and country gentleman; of Eton and Kin* College, Cambridge; B.A., 1&63: M.A. Prague: wrote verses in the University Collection on Bucer: M.P. for Middlesex in Queen Elizabeth's second and third parliaments.
  335. '^ Sir Richard Newdigate, first baronet (1602-1678), grandson of John Newdegate; barrister, I riennt, 1654; justice of the king's bench, 1664: returned to the bar, 1655; chief- justice, 1660: received a baronetcy, 1677.
  336. ^ Sir Roger Newdigate , fifth baronet (1719–1806), antiquary; great-grandson of Sir Richard Newdiittte; succeeded his brother as baronet, 1734: educated at Westminster School and University College, oxftml; created M.A., 17.18: D.C.L., 1749: M.P., Middlesex. 1741-7, for Oxford University, 1760-80: travelled and collected ancient marbles: a benefactor of University College and the Radcliffe Library, Oxford; founded the Newdigate prize for English verse, 1806.
  337. ^ Edward John Newell (1771-1798), Irish informer: practised miniature-painting at Belfast, 1796; joined United Irishmen and betrayed them, 1797, in revenge for their distrust of him; published some confessions and was assassinated.
  338. ^ Robert Hasell Newell (1778 - 1852), amateur artist and author: fourth wrangler, St. John's College, Cambridge, 1799: M.A., 1802: B.D., 1810; rector of Little Hormend, 1813: illustrated an edition of Goldsmith, 1811-20, and wrote and illustrated letters on North Wales, 182L
  339. ^ Sir Edward Newenham (1732–1814), Irish politician; collector of the excise of Dublin, 1764-72; M.P. Enniscorthy, 1769-76, co. Dublin, 1776-97; anxious to reform parliamentary abuses on a strictly protestant basis; advocated protective duties.
  340. ^ Frederick Newenham (1807–1859), a fashionable painter of ladies portraits; exhibited at the Royal Academy and British Institution.
  341. ^ John de Newenham (d. 1382?), chamberlain of the exchequer; received much ecclesiastical preferment; prebendary of Lichfield, 1359, of Lincoln, 1360; chamberlain of the exchequer, 1364.
  342. ^ Thomas de Newenham (fl. 1393), clerk in chancery: receiver of parliamentary petitions, 1371-91 had custody of the great seal, 1377 and 1386.
  343. ^ Thomas Newenham (1762–1831), writer on Ireland: nephew of Sir Edward Newenham M.P., Clorimel, 1798; opposed the union; wrote on the resources and capabilities of Ireland.
  344. ^ Lord Newhall (1664?-1736). See Pringle.
  345. ^ Newhaven first Viscount (1624?–1698). See Charles Cheyne or Chiene.
  346. ^ Abraham Newland (1780–1807), chief cashier of tbe Bank of England; entered the bank, 1748: became chief cashier, 1782; bank-notes being long known as 'Abraham Newlands' from bearing his signature; i resigned his pwition, 1807; amassed a fortune by economy: and speculation in Pitt's loans.
  347. ^ Henry Garrett Newland (1804–1860), divine: M.A. Corpus Christ! College, Cambridge, 1830 rector of Westbourne, 1829; vicar of St. Mary-Church, 1885; supported the tractarian movement, and published pamphlets on it.
  348. ^ John Newland (d. 1515), abbot of St. Angustine's, Bristol, 1481; superseded, 1483; reinstated, 1485.
  349. ^ Thomas Newlin (1688–1743), divine; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1713; fellow, 1717-21; 15.1)., 17i'7: incumbent of Upper Beeding, 1720: translated Parker's History 1727, and published sermons.
  350. ^ Arthur Newman (A 1619), poet and essayist : of Trinity College. Oxford: student of the Middle Temple, i16; publishedThe Bible-bearer(satire), Ito7, and I'leasvres Vision Mill,
  351. ^ Arthur Shean Newman (1828-1x73), architect; son of John Newman (1786-1859); built chiefly churches.
  352. ^ Edward Newman (1801–1876), naturalist; one of the founders of the Entomological Club, 1826: an allround naturalist; M.L.S.. 1833; wrote on British Ferns 1840, Birds-nesting 1861, Moths 18C9, andButterflies 1871.
  353. ^ Francis Newman (d. 1660), New England statesman: emigrated to America, 1638; held many public offices in Connecticut; became governor of New1 haven, 1658.
  354. ^ Francis William Newman (1806 - 1897), scholar and man of letters: brother of John Henry Newman; B.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1826; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1826-30; classical tutor at Bristol College (unsectarian), 1834; professor of classical literature, Manchester New College, 1840, and of Latin, University College, London, 1846-69; principal ot University Hall, London, 1848; acquired repute by his writings on religion, among the most important of which were History of Hebrew Monarchy 1847, The Soul 1849, and Phases of Faith (an autobiographical account of his religious changes, which excited much controversy), 1850; joined British and Foreign Unitarian Association, 1876, and was vice-president, 1879; took keen interest in political questions bearing on social problems; published numerous educational, political, social, and religious works and pamphlets.
  355. ^ Jeremiah Whitaker Newman (1759–1839), medical and miscellaneous writer; practised at Ringwood and Dover; published The Lounger's Commonplace Book 1805, and medical essays.
  356. ^ John Newman (1677?–1741), presbyterian minister; became assistant to Taylor at Salters Hall, 1696, and co-pastor, 1716; trustee of Daniel Williams's, foundations, 1728.
  357. ^ John Newman (1786–1859), architect and antiquary; pupil of Sir Robert Smirke; commissioner of sewers, 1815; clerk of the Bridge House estates; his collection of antiquities exhibited before the Archaeological Association, 1847; F.S.A., 1830; F.R.I.B.A.; died at Passy.
  358. ^ John Henry Newman (1801–1890), cardinal; educated at Dr. Nicholas's school at Ealing; matriculated from Trinity College, Oxford, 1816, where he gained a scholarship, 1818: B.A.,1820; fellow of Oriel, 1822; curate of St. Clement's, Oxford, 1824; vice-principal of Alban Hall, Oxford, 1825; assisted the principal, Dr. Whately, in his Logic; tutor of Oriel College, Oxford, 1826, Richard Hurrell Froude being elected in the same year; Whitehall preacher, 1827; examiner in literae i jmawioTY*, 1827-8; influential in Hawkins's election to the provostship of Oriel College, Oxford, and was himself presented to the vicarage of St. Mary's, Oxford, vacated by Hawkins, 1828; resigned his fellowship, 1832, and went to the south of Europe with Hurrell Froude: wrote most of the Lyra Apostolica in Rome (1834); published Lead kindly light composed during his passage in an orange boat from Palermo to Marseilles, 1833; on his return, 1833, met William Palmer, Hurrell Froude, and Arthur Philip Perceval at Hugh James Rose's rectory at Hadleigh, and with them resolved to fight for tbe doctrine of apostolical succession and the integrity of the prayer-book; preached four o'clock sermons at St. Mary's, Oxfonl; commenced Tracts for the Times and published his book on Arians of the fourth Century 1833: found an ally in Dr. Pusey, who joined theOxford movement 1835; published in defence of Anglo-catholicisuiRomanism and Popular Protestantism 1837, and JustificationDisquisition on the Canon of Scripture andTractate on Antichrist 1838, and became editor of the British Critic; began to doubt the Anglican view, 1839; maintained inTra.-t XC. 1841, that the articles were opposed to Roman dogma ami errors, hut not to catholic teaching, a view which raiswi a storm of indignation, and brought the tractarians under the official ban: retired to Littlernore, 184*, and passed the next three yearn in prayer, fasting, and seclusion; formally retracted all he had said against the Romish church and resigned the living of St. Mary's, nxfnnl, 1843; received into tin- Roman church, 1846; wait to Rome, 1846, and was ordained priest and created D.D.; returned to Englajid to establish the oratory at Rirniini;liani, 1847, and London, I860; publishedTwelve Lectures 1860, and in his Lectures on the present Position of Catholics 1861, exposed the moral turpitude of Achilli, an apostate monk, which led to a libel action, Ui which Newman was fined 100., although he established bis facto, 1853: rector of the Dublin Catholic University, 1864-8; laid down the aims and principles of education in Idea of* a University; published Apologia pro Vita sua 1864, in answer to "baric- Kingslf.v, who in Macmillau's Magazine had remarked that Newman did not consider truth a necessary virtue; asserted that papal prerogatives cannot touch the civil allegiance of catholics in his 4 Letter to the Duke of Norfolk; honorary fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, 1877; formally created cardinal of St. George in Velabro, 1879. His guiding motive was the conception of an infallible church.
  359. ^ Samuel Newman (1600?–1663), concordance maker; B.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1680; being prosecuted for nonconformity, went to Massachusetts, 1636; published a concordance, 1643; died in Massachusetts.
  360. ^ Thomas Newman (ft. 1578–1693), stationer; freeman of the Stationers Company, 1686; printed a faulty issue of Sidney's Astrophel and Stella 1691. ting mini
  361. ^ Thomas Newman (1692–1768), dissenting minister; matriculated at Glasgow University, 1710; ordained, 1721; assisted Dr. Wright at Blackfriars, London, and succeeded him as pastor, 1746; published theological works.
  362. ^ Bernard of Newmarch or Neufmarché (fl. 1093). See Bernard.
  363. ^ William Newmarch (1820–1882), economist and statistician; clerk in a banking house in Wakefield, 1843-6; appointed to the London branch of the Agra bank, 1846; appointed manager of Glyn. Mills &.. 1862; president of the Statistical Society, 1869; gave evidence in committee on the Bank Acts, 1857: F.R.S. The Newmarch professorship of economic science at University College, Ixmdon, and the Newmarch memorial essay were founded in his memory. His chief works arcThe New Supplies of Gold 1853. a work on Pitt's financial operations, 1855, and (with Thomas TookeA History of Prices and of the State of the Circulation during the Nine Years, 1848-5G 1857.
  364. ^ Adam de Newmarket (fl. 1220), justiciar; an adherent of the baronial party; justiciar in Yorkshire, 1215; justice itinerant, 1219-20.
  365. ^ Adam de Newmarket (fl. 1265), baronial leader; grandson of Adam de Newmarket (fl. 1220) : taken prisoner at Northampton, 1264, and again at Kenilworth, 1265.
  366. ^ Thomas of Newmarket (fl. 1410?). See Thomas.
  367. ^ William Newnham (1790–1865), medical and religious writer; studied at Guy's Hospital, London, and in Paris; practised at Farnham; an active member of the British Medical Association; published works on medical subjects and on mental and spiritual phenomena.
  368. ^ Newport first Earl of (1597?–1665). See Mountjoy Blount, Baron Mountjoy.
  369. ^ Andrew Newport (1623–1699), royalist: son of Richard Newport, first baron Newport; of Christ Church, Oxford; actively engaged in the rising of 1659; commissioner of customs, 1662; M.P., Montgomeryshire, 1661-78, Preston, 1685, and Shrewsbury, 1689-98; wrongly identified with the hero of Defoe's Memoirs of a Cavalier
  370. ^ Christopher Newport (1565?–1617). sea captain; sailed as captain, 1592; made five voyages to Virginia, and was wrecked on the Bermuda*, 1609; made two successful voyage* for the East India Company, 1613 and 1615; died at Bantam on his third voyage.
  371. ^ Francis Newport, first Earl of Bradford (1619-1708), son of Richard Newport, first baron Newport : of Gray's Inn. 1C33, th. Inn. r Teniul,, 1;34. and of Christ Church, oxford. H;35; M.P. for Shrewsbury in the Short and Long parliament*; engaged in royalist plots, 1656 and 1657; created Vbooant Newport, 1676, and Karl of Bradford. 1694.
  372. ^ George Newport (1808–1864). naturalist; M.R.C.S., 1835; house surgeon to the Chicbester Infirmary, 1886-7; made anatomical reiemrcbw on insect structure and the generative system, on which he wrote; president of the Entomological Society, 1844-6; I 1843: F.R.S., 1846; F.L.S., 1847.
  373. ^ Sir John Newport, first baronet (1756–1843), politician: banker; created baronet, 1789; M.P., Waterford, 1803-32; appointed chancellor of the Irish exchequer and English privy councillor, 1806; comptroller general of the exchequer, 1834-9.
  374. ^ Maurice Newport, properly Ewens (1611–1687), Jesuit; assumed the name Newport, 163ft; professed of the four vows, 1643; missioncr in England, 1644; raided in Belgium for some years; published 4 Votam Candidum (panegyric in Latin verse on Charles II, 1666.
  375. ^ Richard de Newport (d. 1318), bishop of London: was archdeacon of Middlesex in 1303: dean of St. Paul's, London, 1314: bishop of London, 1317.
  376. ^ Richard Newport , first Baron Newport (1587-1651), B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1607; knighted, 1616; M.P., Shropshire, 1614-29; created Baron Newport, 1642; escaped to France before 1646; died at Moulins.
  377. ^ Sir Thomas Newport (. 1522), knight of St John of Jerusalem; became receiver-general of the order in England: went to Rhodes, 1513; drowned off the coast of Spain.
  378. ^ Bartholomew Newsam (d. 1593), clockmaker to Queen Elizabeth before 1582: received numerous grants of land. A striking clock by Newsam is in the British Museum.
  379. ^ Richard Newsham (d. 1743), fire-engine maker: patented improvements, 1721 and 1725: supplied engines to the chief provincial towns; one of his fire-engines preserved in South Kensington Museum.
  380. ^ Christopher Newstead (1597–1662), divine; of St. Alban Hall, Oxford; chaplain to Sir Thomas Roe at Constantinople, 1621-8; rector of Stisted, 1643: sequestered, 1645; appointed to Maidenhead, 1660; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1660; published Apology for Women 1620.
  381. ^ John Newte (1655?–1716), divine; son of Richard Newte, educated at Bliindcll's school and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1679 (incorporated at Cambridge, 1681); rector of Tidcombe Portion, 1679, and Pitt's Portion, Tiverton, 1680: made numerous gifts to Tiverton, and defended the lawfulness of church music,
  382. ^ Richard Newte (1613–1678), divine; of Blundell's school and Exeter College, Oxford; fellow, 1636-1642; M. A., 1686: rector of Tidcombe and Clare portions, Tiverton, 1641; dispossessed of his benefices, 1664; reinstated, 1660.
  383. ^ Samuel Newth (1831–1898), principal of New College, London; B.A. and M.A. London; minister of congregational chapel at Broseley, 1842-6: professor of classics and mathematics at Western College, Plymouth, 1845; professor of mathematics and ecclesiastical history at New College, St. John's Wood, 1865-89, and of classics from 1867; principal of the college, 187J-W member of company of New Testament revisers, 1870-80: D D Glasgow, 1875: chairman of congregational union of England and Wales, 1880; published religious and educational scientific works. Suppl. ill. 3J
  384. ^ Lord Newton . See HAY, ALEXANDER (d. 1616); Oliphant, SIK WILLIAM (1537–1688); FAI.CONKR, Sir David (.1640–1686).
  385. ^ Sir Adam Newton, first baronet (d. 1630), dean of Durham; tutor to Prince Henry (afterwards Prince of Wales), 1600; dean of Durham, 1605; tutor to Prince Charles, 1611: created baronet, 1620: translated into w IV Dbcoane against Vontios.
  386. ^ Alfred Pizzi Newton (1830–1883), water-colour painter; attracted Queen Victoria's notice; exhibited {andMftpei at the Royal Academy.
  387. ^ Ann Mary Newton (1832–1866), portrait painter: daughter of Joseph Severn; born at Rome: studied under Richmond and Schcffer; married Sir Charles Thomas Newton, 1861.
  388. ^ Benjamin Newton (1677–1735), divine; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1702; held numerous preferments; published sermons.
  389. ^ Benjamin Newton (d. 1787), divine; son of Benjamin Newton (1677-1735); M.A. Jesus College. Cambridge, 1747, and dean of his college: wrote on civil liberty and morals.
  390. '^ Sir Charles Thomas Newton (1816–1894), archaeologist; educated at Shrewsbury School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1840; assistant in department of antiquities at British Museum, 1840; vice-consul at Mytilene, 1862; consul at Rhodes, 1853-4; superintended excavations in Calymuos, 1854-6, and identified site and recovered chief remains of mausoleum at Halicarnassus; consul at Rome, I860; keeper of Greek and Roman antiquities at British Museum, 1861-85; Yates professor of archeology at University College, London, 1880-8; D.C.L. Oxford, 1875; LL.D. Cambridge, 1879; O.B., 1876; K.G.B., 1877: published archieological writings.
  391. ^ Francis Newton (d. 1572), dean of Winchester ; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1556: M.A.,. 1553; DD M 1668; prebendary of North Newbold, 1560; vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, 1563; dean of Winchester, 1666.
  392. ^ Francis Milner Newton (1720–1794), portrait painter and royal academician, whose efforts to establish a national academy of art resulted in the Royal Academy, 1768 (secretary, 1768-88); exhibited portraits.
  393. ^ George Newton (1602–1681), nonconformist divine; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1624; vicar of Taunton, 1631; deprived, 1662; imprisoned for unlawful preaching; published sermons.
  394. ^ Gilbert Stuart Newton (1794–1835), painter; born in Nova Scotia; studied at Florence, Paris, and the Royal Academy; exhibited humorous subject-pictures and some portrait*; BJL 1832; became insane, c. 1832.
  395. ^ Harry Robert Newton (rf. 1889), collector of lots; son of Sir William John Newton; drawings and manuscripts, now in the posses oollerted lon of the Institute of British Architect?.
  396. ^ Sir Henry Newton afterwards Puckering, third baronet (1618-1701), royalist; son of Sir Adam Newton; raised a troop of horse; fought at Edgehill, 1642; compounded, 1646; assumed the name Flickering on inheriting his uncle's estates, 1664; paymaster of the forces, 1660; M.P., Warwick, 1661-79.
  397. ^ Sir Henry Newton (1661–1715), British envoy in Tuscany; M.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1671; D.C.L. Merton College, Oxford, 1678; advocate, 1678; judge-advocate to the admiralty, 1894; envoy extraordinary to Florence, 1704-9; judge of the high court of admiralty, 1714; knighted, 1716; published some Latin letters, verses, and speeches, 1710.
  398. ^ Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), natural philosopher; born at Wookthorpe; attended Gran tham grammar cbooU 16*4-6; matriculated as a sub-sizar at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1661; scholar, 1664; B.A., 1665; while absent from Cambridge during the plague (1665-6) discovered the binomial theorem, differential calculus, integral calculus, computed the area of the hyperbola, and conceived the idea of universal gravitation; returned to Cambridge, 1667, a* fellow of Trinity College, and turned hfe attention to opttc*; made a reflecting tetescope, 1668; in protewor. 1669; htal wcondVeflecting to the Royal Society, 1671; F.RJ3., 1672; his first communication, which contained his New Theory about Light and Colour? read 6 Feb. 1672, and handed over for report to Robert Hooke, who did not accept Newton's reasoning; founder of the emission theory of light, but did not accept it as entirely satisfactory; his researches summed up in Optics 1704. In 1679 Hooke's letter to Newton on the laws of motion started the train of thought which resulted in the first book of Newton's " Principia The idea of universal gravitation had presented itself to Newton in 1665, and early in 1680 he discovered how to calculate the orbit of a body moving under a central force, but published no account of his discoveries, possibly in consequence of his inability to solve the question of the mutual attraction of two spheres; first book of his Principia exhibited at the Royal Society, 1686, and the whole published about midsummer, 1687, the completion and publication of the work being entirely due to Halley, who smoothed over difficulties between Hooke and the author, paid all expenses of publication, and corrected the proofs; M.P., Cambridge University, 1689 and 1701-2; appointed warden of the mint, 1696, and master, 1699; elected president 1 of the Royal Society, 1703, and annually re-elected for ; twenty- five years; as president was involved in the difficulties relating to the publication of Flamsteed's observations, which lasted from 1705 to 1712; his method of fluxions, which he brought out as an appendix to the Optics 1704, the cause of a bitter controversy between himself and Leibnitz as to priority of discovery, which lasted from 1705 until 1724; knighted by Queen Anne on occasion of her visit to Cambridge, 1705; one of Bishop Moore's assessors at the trial of Richard Bentley , 1714; presented reports on the coinage, 1717 and 1718. Died at Kensington. There are portraits of him by Kueller and Vanderbank. He attempted to amend ancient chronology by astronomy, corresponded with Locke, and wrote on theological subjects, objecting to the manner in which certain texts were treated with the view of supporting Trinitarian doctrine. Many anecdotes are told of his absence of mind and his modesty. His body lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber and was buried in Westminster Abbey, 28 March 1727. The only collected edition of his works is an incomplete one by Samuel Horsley in five volumes, 1779-85.
  399. ^ James Newton (1670?-1760), botanist; M.D.; kept a private lunatic asylum and studied botany to divert his attention; his Compleat Herbal published, 1752.
  400. ^ John Newton (1622–1678), mathematician and astronomer; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1642; D.D., 1660; a loyalist; became king's chaplain and rector of Ross, 1661; canon of Hereford, 1673; wrote on arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, logic, and rhetoric.
  401. ^ John Newton (1725–1807), divine and friend of Cowper; led a wandering life at sea, 1736-55; began to have strong religious experiences, 1748, which were increased under the influence of Whitefield and Wesley; ordained deacon in the church of England, 1764, with the curacy of Olney, where Cowper and Mrs. Unwin settled in 1767; with Cowper published the Olney Hymns 1779; became incumbent of St. Mary Woolnoth, London, 1780, where he soon collected a very large congregation and proved a strong evangelical influence; D.D. New Jersey, 1732; published Review of Ecclesiastical History 1770, and Cardiphonia 1781, and aided Wilberforce with a ghastly recital of facts from his own experience of the slave trade.
  402. ^ Sir Richard Newton (1370?–1448?), judge' serjcant-at-law, 1424; justice itinerant, 1427; king's serjeaut, 1429; recorder of Bristol, 1430; justice of the common bench, 1438; knighted, 1439.
  403. ^ Richard Newton (1676–1763), educational reformer; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1701: D.D. Hart Hall, Oxford, 1710; tutor at Christ Church; rector of Sudborough, 1704; appointed principal of Hart Hall, Oxford, 1710; endeavoured to establish it as a college for poor students; built part of a quadrangle for Hart Hall, and obtaining a charter, 1740, became the first principal of Hertford College (dissolved through insufficiency of endowments, 1805, reconstituted, 1874); canon of Christ Church, 1753; wrote on university education and in explanation and defence of his schemes for Hertford College.
  404. ^ Richard Newton (1777–1798), caricaturist and miniature-painter,
  405. ^ Robert Newton (1780–1854), Wesleyan minister; entered tin- Vsleyan ministry,,: IKOO; prmobad at Lon- j cessfully seized the staff aud book of Armagh, 1181; redon, Liverpool, Manchester, !.!-..m.l sux-kport: presi- asserted his claim, 1137. dent of the We-leyan conference, 1824, 1832, 1840 and
  406. ^ Samuel Newton 162K-1718), notary public; lieutenant, 1820; commander, 18*7 ; advanced to post ury public and burgess of Cambridge, 1661; 166s; registrar of Pembroke Hall and (1673) Trinity.! lege, Cambridge; mayor of Cambridge, 1671 ami If,*;, his diary (1662-1717) printed, 1890. alderman,
  407. ^ Richard Niccols (1684–1616), poet; accompanied Charles Howard, earl of Nottingham, on his voyage to Cadiz, 1696; H.A. Magdalen Hull, xlord, 1606: bis chief patrons the Karl of Nottingham, James Hay, earl of Carlisle, and Sir Thomas Wroth; wrote, besides several funeral orations,The Cuckoo 1607, a narrative poem: revised the Mirror for Magistrates 1610, in which be omitted some poems and added A Winter Night's Vision and England's Eliza published a poetical account of Overbury's murder, 1616, and (1627) The Beggar's Ape. His play, The Twynnes Tragedie entered on the Stationers Registers 1612, is not otherwise known.
  408. ^ John Nichol (1833–1894), man of letters; son of John Pringle Nicbol; educated at Glasgow University and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1874; entered , Gray's Inn, 1859; appointed by the crown professor of English language and literature at Glasgow, 1862; resigned, 1889; founded, with Professor Knight, the New Speculative Society, 1867. His publications include Fragments of Criticism 1860, Hannibal (historical drama), 1873, Death of Tbemistocles and other Poems 1881, Byron 1880, and Carlyle 1892 (English Men of Letters series), Robert Burns 1882, and Francis Bacon 1888-9.
  409. ^ Sir Joseph Nias(1798–1879), admiral: entered the iiiiv, 1)7; appointed to the Arctic expedition, IhlM. i rank, 1836; employed in the capture of Canton: CB, 1841; rear-u.lmirai, 1*67; vice-admiral, 1861: K 1867; admiral, 1867.
  410. ^ John Pringle Nichol (1804–1869), astronomer; educated at King's College, Aberdeen; rector of Montrose ; Academy, 1827; regius professor of astronomy at Glasgow University, 1836; instrumental in transferring the observatory to Dowanhill, 1840: lectured in the United
  411. ^ Nicholas (d. 1124), prior of Worcester; educated by Bishop Wulfstan II of Worcester and by Lan franc: prior of Worcester, 1113; corresponded with Eadmcr
  412. ^ Nicholas ap Gwrgant (d. 1183), bishop of Llandaff; elected to the see, 1148; supported Henry II and was twice suspended.
  413. ^ Nicholas de Walkington (d. 1193?) mediaeval writer; wrote a short account of the battle between Henry I aud Louis the Great of France.
  414. ^ Nicholas of Meaux (d. 1227?), called Kolus, Kolius, or Kolas, bishop of the Isles: an Augustinian canon of Wartre: entered the Cistercian order and became ultimately de facto abbot of Furness; nominated bishop of Man and the Sudreys r. 1207) by Olaf, king of the Isles., although the monks of Furness claimed the right ! of election to the see; consecrated by the archbishop of ! Trondjem, 1210; driven into exile, e. 1217; became attached notur..
  415. ^ Theodore Newton (rf. 1569), brother of Francis Newton; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1562; prebendary of Canterbury, 1559; rector of Rlnirwould, 1565; rector of St. Dionis Hackchurch, London, 1567.
  416. ^ Thomas Newton (1842?–1607), poet, physician, and divine; of Trinity College, Oxford, and QueensCollege, Cambridge; probably practised as a physician at Butley; rector of Little II ford, c. 1583; published works on historical, medical, and theological subjects; translated from Latin; a skilled writer of Latin aud English verse.
  417. ^ Thomas Newton (1704–1782), bishop of Bristol : educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Oambridge; M.A., 1730; fellow of Trinity College, Oambridge; rector of St. Mary-le-Bow, 1744: D.D., 1745; Boyle lecturer, 1754; chaplain to George II, 1756; prebendary of Westminster, 1757; precentor of York, 1759; bishop of Bristol, 1761-82: became dean of St. Paul's, London, 1768; wrote an autobiography, a work on the prophecies, and sermons (collected edition, 1782); edited Milton's Paradise Lost 1749..
  418. ^ William Newton (1735–1790), architect; travelled in Italy, 1766; designed residences in London aud the vicinity; became assistant to James Stuart, The Athenian and clerk of the works to Greenwich Hospital, 1782; completed Stuart's Antiquities of Athens (published, 1787); translated Vitruvius (published, 1791).
  419. ^ William Newton (1750–1830), the Peak Minstrel; a machinery carpenter whose verses and sonnet? attracted the notice of Peter Cunningham (rf. 1805) and Anna Seward, who procured him a mill-partnership.
  420. ^ Sir William John Newton (1785–1869), miniature-painter; nephew of William Newton (1735-1790) ; became one of the most fashionable miniaturists of his day; appointed miniature-painter to William IV and Queen Victoria; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1808-63; knighted, 1837.
  421. ^ Aod Nial or Hugh (1610?–1616). See Hugh O'Neill.
  422. ^ Niall (d. 405), king of Ireland ; known in Irish as Naishiallach; made war on the Leinstermen and Munstermen, aud fought in Britain and Gaul; bis importance due to the fame of bis descendants.
  423. ^ Niall (715–778), king of Ireland ; surnamed Frassach; descended from Niall (rf. 405); became king, 763: exacted tribute from Conuaupht, Munster, and Leinster; resigned, 770, and became a monk.
  424. ^ Niall (791–845), king of Ireland : surnamed Caille ; grandson of Niall (715778); raised the clans of Tyrone and Tyrconnell to avenge the primate of Armagh, 826; became king, 833; fought successfully in Leinster, Meath, and Munster, and defeated the Danes, 843; drowned near Armagh.
  425. ^ Niall (870?–919), king of Ireland: surnamed Glundubh; grandson of Niall (791-848): made forays into Connaught, 905 and 909: lecame king of Ailech, 911; king of Ireland, 915; marched against the Danes and was defeated and mortally wounded at Kilmashojre.
  426. ^ Niall (d. 1061), king of Ailech: succeeded his brother, whom he killed in battle; made forays into Louth (1044) and Monaghan, in revenge for the violation of an oath sworn upon St. Patrick's bell.
  427. ^ Niall (d. 1062), king of Ulidia or Lesser Ulster ; defeated, deposed, and succeeded his nephew, 101 1; defeated a Danish fleet, 1022; was himself defeated, 1027; a great famine, 1047, in hi* rHjrn followed by a deep snow, frequently mentioned by Irish chroniclers.
  428. ^ Niall (d. 1139), anti-primate of Armagh; unsue to the church of Kelloc. e. 1226.
  429. ^ Nicholas de Guildford (fl. 1250). See Guildford.
  430. ^ Nicholas de Farnham (d. 1287), bishop of Durham; professor of medicine in the universities of Parta and Bologna; began his studies at Oxford and proceeded to Paris, where, in addition to medical studies, be directed courses of dialectics, physics, and theology: went for a short time to Bologna as professor of medicine; returned to England, 1229; taught logic and natural philosophy at Oxford and became physician to Henry III: received much ecclesiastical preferment: elected bishop of Durham, 1241; had cathedral rebuilt; resigned, 1248. Two treatises,Practica Mediciiurand De Viribus Herbarum mentioned as his by Pits, have not been traced. There are three medical treatises extant in manuscript in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Pari? written by Nicholas de Anglia, who is probably identical with Nicholas de Farnham.
  431. ^ Nicholas Ki.y.J
  432. ^ Nicholas of Ely (d. 1280). See Ely.
  433. ^ Nicholas Le Blund (d. 1304), bishop of Down; treasurer of Ulster and prior of St. Patrick's, Down; uhullil bishop, 1 J77; administered his diocese iu accordance with Irish cn-toms uhich led to litigation.
  434. ^ Nicholas (1316?–1386), abbot of Westminster Abbey. See Litlington.
  435. ^ Nicholas of Lynne (fl. 1386), Carmelite; lecturer in theology at Oxford; iu 1386 composed a calendar for the period from 1387 to 1462; conjectured to have made an arctic voyage.
  436. ^ Nicholas of Hereford (fl. 1390), Lollard; student and fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; D.D. Oxford, 1382; preached constantly in support of Wycliffe, 1382, and was suspended and excommunicated; at once set out for Rome, but was ordered by the pope to be imprisoned for life; escaped to England, ISM, and was imprisoned for a time; was chief leader of the lollards after V,-litVs death, but in 1391 recanted, appointed chancellor of Hereford Cathedral; of Hereford, 1397-1417: became a Carthusian monk at St. Anne, Coventry. Very little of Hereford's work has survived except his translation of the Old Testament, which stops short in the book of Baruch, chap. iii.
  437. ^ Nicholas of Fakenham (fl. 1402), Franciscan ; D.D. Oxford, 1395: provincial minister of his order, 1391-1402: examined into the charges against his sucoeuor, and reappointed him. His Determinatio ( 1395) is extant.
  438. ^ Nicholas de Burgo (fl. 1517–1537), divinity lecturer at Oxford; was a Florentine Franciscan friar who at Paris and began to lecture at Oxford, 1517; joint-author of a book advocating Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon, and was appointed public reader in divinity at Cardinal College (afterwards Christ Church, Oxford), and at Magdalen College, Oxford; acted as vice-chancellor, 1534; returned to Italy, 1535.
  439. ^ Abraham Nicholas (1692–1744?), schoolmaster ; published three copybooks; emigrated to Virginia, c. 1722.
  440. ^ David Nicholas (1705?–1769), Welsh Ixflladwriter; a day schoolmaster iu Glamorgan; admitted to thecongress of bards 1730; wrote a letter containing the rules of Welsh prosody, 1754.
  441. ^ Sir Edward Nicholas (1693–1669), secretary of state to Charles I and Charles II; matriculated from Queen's College, Oxford, 1611; entered the Middle Temple, 1613; became secretary to Edward, baron ouch, warden of the Cinque ports, 1618, and to his successor, George, duke of Buckingham, 1624; M.P., Winchelsea, 1620-4, Dover, 1627-8: secretary to the admiralty, 1625, and to the admiralty commissioners after Buckingham's death: clerk of the council in ordinary, 1635: knighted and appointed secretary of state, 1641; conducted the treaty of Ux bridge and the surrender of Oxford, 1646; retired to Caen in Normandy; remained in name Charl-- r secretary of state till the king's execution, and subsequently made vigorous effort* to serve his sou iu a like capacity, but was disliked by Queen Henrietta Maria and practically excluded from Prince Charles's counsels directed to attend the Duke of York, 1650, and from 1650 to 1654 resided at the Hague: joined Charles at Aix-laChapelle, 1654, and was formally reappointed secretary of tote, but was net aside and pensioned with 10,000. on account of age and sickness, 1662.
  442. ^ Henry Nicholas, or Henrick Niclaes (fl. 1502-1580), founder of the religious sect known as the Family of Love; born in Westphalia; imprisoned on a rapiciou of heresy, 1529; began to see visions, MO, and represented that he had recvivul a divine summon* to become a prophet and founder of a new sect, to bellied 1 PamUiaCaritatis with three elders to aid him; Uved at Bmbden(l*4MH)), writing the divine revelations !i a t!rl'2 i; m ? de """ nve rt I* Holland, BraEJ S: bb book " Pwuibited, 1*70. 1&2, and JMO:TliiUd England, c. 1552 or 1553; probably died at Wogne. He taught an anabaptist mysticism, and retpirOrtl lore of humanity a* the weeutial rule of life. The constitution of the sect consisted of the highest bishop, twenty-four elders, seraphim or archbishops, and three OP K-rs of priests The sect did not attract much attention in England until 1574, when its numbers had grown large, chiefly in Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, and Essex. It endured some persecution between 1574 and 1604, but before 1700 familists had become extremely rare. Nearly all of his books were translated into English,
  443. ^ Matthew Nicholas (1594–1661), dean of St. Paul's; brother of Sir Edward Nicholas; scholar of Winchester College and New College, Oxford: D.C.L., 1627; canon of Salisbury and dean of Bristol, 1639; canon of Westminster, 1642; deprived at the rebellion; canon auddeuu of St. Paul's, London, 1660.
  444. ^ Robert Nicholas (1595–1667), judge; M.P., Devizes, 1640; assisted in prosecuting Laud, 1643; serjeaut-at law, 1648; judge of the upper bench, 1649; baron of the exchequer, 1655; pardoned, 1660; commissioner for raising money in Wiltshire, 1660.
  445. ^ Thomas Nicholas (fl. 1560–1596), translator; employed by the Levant Company in the Canary isles; imprisoned for heresy, 1560-2 and 1562-1; brought to Spain and finally released, 1565; translated Spanish histories of the conquest of Mexico and Peru.
  446. ^ Thomas Nicholas (1820–1879), Welsh antiquary; educated at Manchester and in Germany; professor of biblical literature at the Presbyterian College, Carmarthen,  ; 1856; settled in London, 1863; promoted the University College of Wales at Aberystwith, and became a governor 1 of it; wrote on education and Welsh antiquities.
  447. ^ William Nicholas (1785–1812), major in the royal engineers; entered the army, 1801; promoted second captain, 1806; distinguished himself at Rosetta, 1807; succeeded to the command of the engineers at Cadiz, 1810; signally distinguished himself at Barossa, 1811, and at Badajos, 1812, where he was mortally wounded.
  448. ^ John Nicholl (fl. 1607), traveller and author: started with a band of Englishmen to Guiana, 1605; wrecked, rescued by Spaniards, and imprisoned as a spy; finally reached England, 1607, and published an account of his adventures, 1607.
  449. ^ Sir John Nicholl (1759–1838), judge ; fellow of St. John's College, Oxford; D.C.L., 1785; admitted an advocate at Doctors Commons, 1785; knighted, 1798; king's advocate, 1798; M.P., Penryn, 1802, Hastings, 1806, and Great Bedwin, 1807-32; strongly opposed to parliamentary reform and catholic emancipation; dean of arches and judge of the prerogative court of Canterbury, 1809-34; judge of the high court of admiralty, 1833; vicar-general to the archbishop of Canterbury, 1834; F.S.A. and F.R.S.
  450. ^ John Nicholl (1790–1871), antiquary; F.S.A., I 1843; served as master of the Ironmongers Company, 1859; made extensive researches in heraldry and the genealogy of Essex families and that of the various I families of Nicholl, Nicholls, or Nichol; compiled a history of the Ironmongers Company.
  451. ^ Degory Nicholls (d. 1591), divine ; fellow of Petarhouse, Cambridge, 1566; M.A., 1567; incorporated at Oxford, 1567; was contentious and * verye disorderlie B.D. university preacher, 1574; master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1577-82; canon of Exeter, 1579; D.D., 1581.
  452. ^ Edward Nicholls (fl. 1617), sea-captain of the Dolphin, 1617; was attacked by five Turkish men-of-war when returning from the Levant, and forced the Turks to retire.
  453. ^ Frank Nicholls (1699–1778), physician; of Westminster School and Exeter College, Oxford; MA., 1721; M.D., 1729; lectured at Oxford on anatomy; demonstrated the minute structure of blood-vessels, and was the first to uae corroded preparations; F.R.S., 1728; F.R.C.P., 1732; Gulstonian lecturer, 1734 and 1736; Harveian orator, 1739, and Lumleian lecturer, 1748-9; published a compendium of his lectures, 1732.
  454. ^ Sir George Nicholls (1781-1865), poor-law reformer uinl administrator; IM-CMUH- miNhiMiii:n on hoard no Bast India Company's ship, 1797; oktained OMMMM of a ship, 1809; left the service in consequence il tin- -hip under his command being burnt in harbour, l81i,aHtMOn the company attached no blame to him; startoi tin- tir-t savings bank nt Farndon, and at Southwell l*-came 1 IH-.M ) o( r- r of the jxx)r; iu three yean reduce* I tin- umount of relief to almost u quarter without injury to the poor, his leading iilcii being to abolish outdoor relief; became practically tin- controller of tin- Moure-t.-r ami Iterkeley Ship Canal, 1H23: appointil superintendent of the branch of tin- Hank of England at Hirminlmm. 1KW. became a director of the Hirminirham Canal Navigations; consulted by the poor-law commissioners, and on the patting of the act (1834) mode one of three commissioners; visited Ireland to observe poor-law legislation there, 1836 and 1837, and visited Holland and Belgium (1X38) to examine their methods of administering relief: resided in Ireland to direct the working of the Irish Poor-law Act, 1838-42; appointed permanent secretary of the poor-law board, 1847; K.C.B., 1861; wrote on the poor and the poor-laws.
  455. ^ James Fawckner Nicholls (1818–1883), antiquary und librarian: tried various occupations, and finally wa appointed city librarian of Bristol, 1868; brought the libraries into a high state of efficiency; P.S.A., 187K; published The Life and Discoveries of Sebastian Cabot 1869. and a number of antiquarian books, the chief of which was Bristol Past and Pre-ent. 1 1881-8.
  456. ^ John Nicholls (1555–1584?) controversialist; left Oxford without a degree; became a curate in Somerset; in 1577 went to Rome by way of Antwerp, Douay. Grenoble, and Milan; voluntarily gave himself up to the inquisition and publicly abjured protestantism, 1678; left Rome, on the plea of ill-health, 158(1, and proceeded to England, where he was committed to the Tower of London; he wrote during his imprisonment an account of the English seminaries and the popes, and a recantation ot Romanism, 1581; employed to preach to the Roman catholics in the Tower of London; went to the Low Countries and Germany and again turned Roman catholic, 1582, expressed penitence, and withdrew all his accusations against Rome and Roman institutions, a report of it being published, 1583.
  457. ^ John Ashton Nicholls (1823–1859), philanthropist; interested in physical science; life member of the British Association, 1842: F.U.A.S., 1849: entered his father's cotton manufactory, and gave much time to improving the education and condition of the working classes; organised classes and delivered lectures in Manchester and the neighbourhood. L*l- **
  458. ^ Norton Nicholls (1742?–1809), friend of the poet Gray; was educated at Eton and Trinity Hall, Cambridge; LL.B., 1766: met Gray about 1761; visited the continent by Gray's advice; became rector of Lound and Brad well, 1767; travelled with Gray through the midland counties, 1770; his full correspondence with Gray and his 4 Reminiscences of Graywere published in the fifth volume of Mitford's edition of Gray.
  459. ^ Richard Nicholls (1584–1616).
  460. ^ Sutton Nicholls (I. 1700–1740), draughtsman and engraver; drew and engraved views of London, 1725.
  461. ^ William Nicholls (1664–1712), author and divine; educated at St. Paul's School, London; B.A. Watlham College, Oxford, 1683: probationary fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1684; M.A., 1688; D.D., 1695; rector of Selsey,1691; said to have been rector of Bushy, 1691-3, and canon of Chichester, 1707; published theological works, his Defensio Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1707 and 1708, resulting in an interesting foreign correspondence; chief work,Comment on the Book of Common Prayer 1710.
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