User:Cgochuico3/Transphobia

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Transgender individuals are reportedly more susceptible to negative physical and mental health effects due to ethnicity, race, and gender identity; where transgender individuals of color are notably affected.

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A majority of discriminatory violence cases against transgender and nonbinary individuals are comprised of people of color. A 2022 study by the Human Rights Campaign suggests that approximately 63% of transgender and nonbinary victims of discriminatory violence are Black transgender women. Transphobia is also a significant exacerbator in the decline of mental health in transgender people. Transphobia is prevalent in regard to economic security, resulting in increased stress in transgender individuals due to food and health care insecurity. The Center for American Progress (CAP) notes approximately 60% of transgender individuals of color could not afford necessary medical care, and 31% avoided preventative screenings altogether due to costs. Further studies by CAP show that 1 in 3 transgender adults reported an annual income of under $25,000, compared to the average individual American of approximately $71,186 in the same year of the study. 80% of transgender adults also report discrimination negatively affecting their ability to be hired.

Transgender individuals are also more likely to have negative interactions with law enforcement, leading to further decline in mental and physical health. Discriminatory persecution by law enforcement against transgender individuals is often derived from stereotypes regarding transgender individuals supposedly being commonly sex workers, leading to false accusations of prostitution in order to justify arrest. Many transgender individuals claim to avoid police as a means to avoid discrimination. The elevated rates of incarceration of transgender individuals are two times that of cisgender individuals due to transgender people having a higher rate of contact with law enforcement. The rates of transgender people of color being incarcerated are particularly high, being noted to be ten times that of cisgender individuals.

Transgender individuals located in detention settings also face numerous variations of discriminatory abuse. Detainment of transgender immigrants in 2017 lasted twice as long compared to others. One in eight persons are reportedly held in solitary confinement, with experiences of physical abuse and denial of gender-appropriate clothing in addition to the abuse. 12% of LGBT individuals collectively report sexual abuse and assault in custody, making them significantly more likely to be sexually victimized than non-LGBT people in custody at a rate of 97 times in comparison. Detention setting discriminatory abuse also involves denial of basic health care, which includes hormone therapy and necessary HIV care.

References

• Nemoto T, Bödeker B, Iwamoto M. Social support, exposure to violence and transphobia, and correlates of depression among male-to-female transgender women with a history of sex work. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(10):1980-1988. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.197285
  • article from the National Library of Medicine, a reliable source with extensive amounts of data.
• Jefferson K, Neilands TB, Sevelius J. Transgender women of color: discrimination and depression symptoms. Ethn Inequal Health Soc Care. 2013;6(4):121-136. doi:10.1108/EIHSC-08-2013-0013 PMID 25346778
  • article from National Library of Medicine
• Chavda, Janakee (2023-02-16). "3. Black Americans' views on transgender and nonbinary issues". Pew Research Center Race & Ethnicity. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
  • article from a nonpartisan information group
• "An Epidemic of Violence 2022". HRC Digital Reports. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
  • 2022 study from the Human Rights Campaign
• "Protecting and Advancing Health Care for Transgender Adult Communities". Center for American Progress. 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  • Article from the Center for American Progress
• Bureau, US Census. "Income in the United States: 2021". Census.gov. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  • from the US Census Bureau website