User:Cali0323/Forensic biology

Forensic ornithology[edit]

Bird remains can be identified, first and foremost from feathers (which are distinctive to a particular species at both macroscopic and microscopic levels). Other bird remains can be used such as bones, beaks, talons, or other trace evidence. Information from forensic cases are usually used to prosecute violators of wildlife laws. Another reason scientists collect this data is for pilots so they can avoid flying where birds tend to congregate. Lastly, aircraft engineers can use this data to design better engines for bird strikes.

Forensic odontology[edit]

Dentistry has helped law enforcement in criminal and civil proceedings by detecting and solving cases. Odontology did not get popular until the 1960s when an interest was brought up by the first instructional program in the United States at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Because of this program, the term "forensic odontology" is now familiar in the dental profession and law enforcement agencies. Odontologists or dentists can use dental science to know a person's identity. Teeth can be used as weapons and therefore leave information about a person. This information is key in recognizing abuse among people of any age.

Forensic pathology[edit]

A forensic pathologist is a medical doctor who is an expert in both trauma and disease and is responsible for performing autopsies. He/she applies their extensive knowledge of the human body and possible internal and external inflictions as he/she performs an autopsy, to hopefully ascertain the manner and cause of death. Information derived from the autopsy often greatly assists investigative efforts as well as scene reconstruction.

Forensic toxicology[edit]

Forensic toxicology is the use of toxicology and other disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use. The primary concern for forensic toxicology is not the legal outcome of the toxicological investigation or the technology utilized, but rather the obtainment and interpretation of results.

References

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^ Oliveira, M. & Amorim, A. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9414-6
^ González, Alfredo A., Jessica I. Rivera-Pérez, Gary A. Toranzos. Forensic Approaches to Detect Possible Agents of Bioterror. Microbiology Spectrum April 2017 vol. 5 no. 2. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EMF-0010-2016
^ Rasko, David A.,a Patricia L. Worsham,b Terry G. Abshire,b Scott T. Stanley,c,1 Jason D. Bannan,d Mark R. Wilson,d,2Richard J. Langham,c R. Scott Decker,c,3 Lingxia Jiang,a,4 Timothy D. Read,e Adam M. Phillippy,f Steven L. Salzberg,fMihai Pop,f Matthew N. Van Ert,g,h Leo J. Kenefic,g,h,5 Paul S. Keim,g,h Claire M. Fraser-Liggett,i and Jacques Ravela,6. Bacillus anthracis comparative genome analysis in support of the Amerithrax investigation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 22; 108(12): 5027–5032 doi:10.1073/pnas.1016657108
^ Fernández-Rodríguez, A.,1 J.L.Burton2 L.Andreoletti3 J.Alberola4 P.Fornes5 I.Merino67 M.J.Martínez89 P.Castillo810 B.Sampaio-Maia11 I.M.Caldas12 V.Saegeman13 M.C.Cohen14 ESGFOR and the ESP. Postmortem microbiology in sudden death: sampling protocols proposed in different clinical settings. Clinical Microbiology and Infection.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2018.08.009
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Beans, Carolyn. News Feature: Can microbes keep time for forensic investigators? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jan 2; 115(1): 3–6.
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^ National Institute of Justice (March 2016). "Creating a Plan to Test a Large Number of Sexual Assault Kits" (PDF).
Dove, Carla J. Forensic Ornithology. p. 9.
Avon, Sylvie Louise. “Forensic Odontology: The Roles and Responsibilities of the Dentist.” Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, vol. 70, no. 7, 2004, p. 6.