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The Poor of New York
[edit]Written by Dion Boucicault from a french play (look for play) and premiering in 1857 At Wallack's Theatre (of which he was General Director) (cite wiki page?) in December 1857. The play is a five act melodrama revolving around the efforts of a middle class family newly impoverished by the financial panic of 1857 to survive against a villainous banker. It was an immediate success, and Boucicault presented it around the world, rewriting the place names to reflect the locales it was playing in.(needs reference)
Characters
[edit]Captain Fairweather: Father and husband to the Fairweathers, dies in act one leaving his money in the hands of,
Villains: Gideon Bloodgood: Banker; everything he commits he does for the love of his daughter, Alida Bloodgood: Spoiled, above all else she desires to be admitted to high society and in order to do so attempts
to buy the hand of,
Heroes: Mark Livingstone: Born into society, but has lost all his wealth; in love with the sister of, Paul Fairweather: Son of Capt. F., impoverished clerk, looking for work so that he can support,
Virtuous Women: Mrs. Fairweather: Wife of Capt. F., willing to commit suicide by CO2 poisoning to ease the burden of Paul and, Lucy Fairweather: Beloved of Livingstone, but willing to renounce her love so that he might regain his wealth.
Comic Relief: The Puffys: Father, Mother, and son Dan. Puffy is a baker who has lost all in the crash yet still attempts to help
their lodgers, the Fairweathers.
Badger: A villainous clerk of Bloodgood’s who initially blackmails Bloodgood with Capt. F’s receipt, but changes
his mind after being asphyxiated during Mrs. F and Lucy’s suicide attempt.
Plot
[edit]ACT I: The financial panic of 1837.
Setting: The office of Gideon Bloodgood, bank owner. The act opens with Bloodgood preparing to abscond to England. He has been following the stock market and knows that his bank will collapse the following day. He reveals that he has done everything for his daughter's fortunes. Badger, a clerk in the bank, enters and successfully blackmails Bloodgood with the knowledge that Badger has been keeping an account of Bloodgood's dealings. Captain Fairweather enters and deposits his life savings with Bloodgood personally. Captain Fairweather has discovered that his previous bank was about to collapse and removed his money; he believes Bloodgood to be sound. He exits with a receipt for his deposit. The Captain returns demanding his money back: His ship's owners have filled him in on the rumors about Bloodgood's finances. Bloodgood refuses to return the money and in the heated discussion that follows the Captain dies of a heart attack. Badger helps Bloodgood dispose of the Captain's body and acquires the deposit slip. End Tableau: Bloodgood and Badger triumphant separately over the prostrate Captain.
ACT II: The financial panic of 1857.
Sc. 1
Setting: The park near Tammany Hall. Mark Livingstone explains how he has gone from a position of wealth and society to poverty and hunger. Puffy the baker enters selling sweet potatoes. He recognizes Livingstone as a former customer and explains how he has come down in the world due to the crash. He mentions his lodgers, the Fairweathers, and their fate in the crash. Livingstone reveals that he knows the Fairweathers, particularly that he had feelings for Lucy. Mrs. Fairweather and her son Paul enter. Paul demands an account of Livingstone's actions given his interest in Lucy, and Livingstone is forced to reveal his poverty. Bloodgood enters, demanding rent from Puffy. All exit except for Livingstone who gives a rousing speech about how the true poor of New York are the newly impoverished middle class. He is forced to exit by the police.
Sc. 2
Setting: Exterior of Bloodgood's Bank, Nassau St. Bloodgood recounts his crime, twenty years before to the day on that spot, and how the Captain's money secured his fortune. Alida Bloodgood enters, demanding money from her father for her lover's gambling debts. Bloodgood returns with Puffy. Puffy offers Bloodgood the note Mrs. Fairweather has given him in lieu of paying his rent. Bloodgood exults that he now has two sources to extort.
Sc. 3
Setting: The interior of Puffy's house. Mrs. Fairweather and Lucy Fairweather are setting the table for dinner in expectation of Livingstone visiting. Mrs. Puffy and her son Dan enter and help, adding to the food to be provided and offering to act as servants when Mrs. Fairweather insists they join in the meal. Livingstone and Paul Fairweather enter and the Puffys serve the meal. All are setting down to eat when sheriff's officers enter and demand payment of rent and Mrs. Fairweather's note. Livingstone reveals that he is unable to save his friends by making the payment for them. End Tableau.
ACT III
Setting: The interior of Bloodgood's residence. Bloodgood is writing at his desk; Alida is reading an account of Bloodgood in the New York Herald, describing him as a financial vulture. Alida reveals her desire to enter high society, which has so far snubbed her. Livingstone requests entrance which Bloodgood denies but Alida forces her father to accept. Livingstone asks for a loan and admits that he is ruined. Bloodgood refuses, but Alida forces him to restore Livingstone's fortune so that she might purchase him as a husband. Badger enters, announcing his return from California. Lucy Fairweather enters to work on Alida's dress. The ladies exit and Badger extorts Bloodgood for more money, revealing that he has the receipt. Paul Fairweather enters, requesting leniency in regard to his mother's note. Badger recognizes him as the true heir to Captain Fairweather's fortune. Bloodgood offers Paul a position in Rio de Janeiro to foil Badger's threat of informing the heirs of Captain Fairweather and calls for the police. Lucy attempts to leave and encounters Livingstone returning to receive Bloodgood's loan. Livingstone professes his love to Lucy. Alida overhears and informs Lucy that she intends to purchase Livingstone as a husband, and that without her aid Livingstone will be ruined. Livingstone enters acknowledging Alida as his benefactor, without whose aid he was planning to commit suicide. Lucy renounces her love for Livingstone. Badger, Bloodgood and the police enter. Badger is arrested but has hidden the receipt in his lodgings, foiling Bloodgood.
ACT IV
Sc. 1
Setting: Union Square, snow falling. Puffy is selling roasted chestnuts. Paul is crouched in a corner. Dan enters carrying luggage for a gentleman. Puffy and Dan converse about their fallen fortunes. Mrs. Puffy enters with their dinner. All three decide to give some to Paul, without recognizing him. He is sleeping and does not wake. Badger enters attempting to sell matches to a gentleman. Mrs. Fairweather enters determined to sell her wedding ring in order to provide food for her children. Badger takes her ring, but returns it and directs her to a saloon warning her not to show it to strangers. Bloodgood enters waiting for the end of an opera. Badger attempts to sell him an opera program before recognizing him. Bloodgood threatens him with a revolver but Badger disarms him with the threat of a knife that he knows how to use from the California gold fields (see the cowardly nature of melodramatic villains). Badger reveals that he has gotten out of prison, losing the Fairweathers to Bloodgood's machinations but keeping the receipt. Badger extorts Bloodgood with promise of a confession to the newspapers, and Bloodgood promises to bring money to Badger's lodgings in the Five Points neighborhood. Both exit. Mr. and Mrs. Puffy exit. Dan calls on Paul to help him with the luggage without recognizing him. Paul attempts to carry the trunk, but is too weak and the trunk is removed by a porter. Lucy and Mrs. Fairweather enter, both having failed to gain money either by work, selling the ring, or begging. They meet up with Paul and reveal the extent of their troubles. Paul sends them home promising to bring food.
Sc. 2
Setting: The Vestibule of the academy of music. Alida and Livingstone enter. Alida revels in her triumph; Livingstone is bound to her father by debt and will marry her in one month, New York society now acknowledges her, and her lover still courts her to Livingstone's indifference. Paul enters looking for charity. Livingstone recognizes him and the two confer. Alida leaves for her lover's carriage. Livingstone tells Paul that he will aid the Fairweathers now that he has money, and gets their address, which turns out to be the same building that Badger is lodging in.
Sc. 3
Setting: Two adjoining attic rooms, 19 1/2 Cross St., the Five Points neighborhood. Lucy and Mrs. Fairweather are in one room, Badger enters the other. Badger fantasizes about the money he will receive from Bloodgood, while Lucy and Mrs. Fairweather separately decide to commit suicide by asphyxiation from the charcoal burner they use to cook their food. The Fairweathers leave, each attempting to draw the other away from their suicide attempt. Bloodgood enters and threatens Badger with his pistol, but is disarmed by Badger who draws two large revolvers from concealment. Badger insists that Bloodgood return to his lodging with the money. The Fairweathers return. Mrs. Fairweather stops up the windows while Lucy returns with the brazier. The two realize that they share the same intent and state their reasons for suicide before succumbing to the lack of oxygen. Badger in the next room starts to feel the effects. Paul and Livingstone arrive and save Lucy and Mrs. Fairweather. Badger realizes that he is succumbing and hides the receipt. Paul hears his cries and enters his room at the same time as Bloodgood returns. Badger recognizes Paul and reveals to him that he has proof of Bloodgood's robbery, but passes out before he can retrieve the receipt.
ACT V
Sc. 1
Setting: Brooklyn Heights, the garden of a cottage overlooking New York City and it's harbor. Mrs. Fairweather and Paul are seated at breakfast, being served by the Puffys. They converse about how Lucy is recovering and that Livingstone has set them up in their old home, found work for Paul and restored Puffy's bakery with a government contract. Livingstone has avoided visiting them because of Lucy's renunciation of their love. Badger enters, having nursed Lucy during her illness and now joining the police in a financial crimes unit. The receipt has not been recovered either by the Fairweathers or Bloodgood who has bought and locked up the building. Livingstone is to be married to Alida that night. Livingstone enters to say goodbye, and Badger reveals that Lucy in a fever confessed to refusing Livingstone's love so that he might regain his wealth. Livingstone and Lucy confirm their love. Dan enters, spying a fire in lower New York. He realizes that it is Badger's old lodgings. Badger determines that Bloodgood has set the fire to destroy the receipt and sets out to save the paper and the Fairweather's fortunes.
Sc. 2
Setting: The exterior of 19 1/2 Cross St. in Five Points. Bloodgood is seen through the windows setting fires. He exits and locks the building. The fire is seen to spread. A crowd enters to watch. Badger enters and breaks into the building through a window. Dan attempts to follow him but returns, burned and overcome by the fire. The top of the building crumbles inwards and Badger is revealed in his old room. The building collapses further and Badger falls with it. Badger reappears in the ground floor and drags himself from the ruins, on fire. The crowd rescues him. End Tableau
Sc. 3
Setting: The Drawing room of the Bloodgood's Mansion on Madison Av. Bloodgood enters, triumphant over the fire and destruction of the receipt. Alida enters dressed for the wedding. The wedding party is revealed. Livingstone enters and declines Alida's hand, presenting his reasons for the wedding, and Alida's letters to her lover as his reason for ending the engagement. Bloodgood reminds him of his debts, but the Fairweathers arrive and demand restitution of Captain Fairweather's money. Bloodgood calls for the police and Badger arrives. Bloodgood attempts to kill Badger with a knife but Badger disarms and arrests him. Alida in despair at her life denounces her father and leaves. Paul acknowledges Bloodgood's love of his daughter and forgives him, insisting only on reimbursement of his Father's money. Bloodgood leaves after his daughter. The Puffys are escorted in, afraid to enter so grand a residence. All prepare for the wedding of Livingstone and Lucy. The Fairweathers appeal to the audience to extend their hands to the poor of New York.
External links
[edit]Biography
[edit]The Poor of New York: Preliminary Bibliography
1.) Boucicault, Dion. The Poor of New York: A Drama in Five Acts. 1857. New York: Samuel French; Lexington, KY: Filiquarian Legacy Publishing, 2012. Print
2.) Walsh, Townsend. The Career of Dion Boucicault. New York: De Vinne Press, 1912. Ebook
3.) Wittke, Carl. The Immigrant Theme on the American Stage. Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 39, No. 2, Sept., 1952. Pg.s 211-232. JSTOR
4.) Boucicault, Dion. The Decline of the Drama. (An Epistle to C S R E from Dion Boucicault). The North American Review, Vol. 125, No. 258, Sept.-Oct. 1877. Pg.s 235-245. JSTOR
5.) Williams, Carolyn. Boucicault Revived. Rev. of "London Assurance", by Dion Boucicault; Joe Dowling. Roundabout Theatre Company (Stage Right), New York. PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art, Vol. 20, No. 2, May, 1998. Pg.s 49-53. JSTOR
6.) Poole, Ralph J.; Saal, Ilka, ed. Passionate politics: the cultural work of American melodrama from the early republic to the present. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2008. Print
7.) Gerould, Daniel C. (1983). American Melodrama. New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
8.) Chodosh, Richard B. (1965). The Streets of New York: a musical comedy/book and lyrics by Barry Alan Grael, Based on Dion Boucicault's play. New York: S. French. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
9.) Wilmeth, Don B. (1998). Staging the nation: plays from the American Theater, 1787-1909. Boston, MA: Bedford Books. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
10.) Woods, Leigh (1991). On Playing Shakespeare: Advice and commentary from actors and actresses of the past. New York, NY: Greenwood Press. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
11.) Hogan, Robert Goode (1969). Dion Boucicault. New York, NY: Twayne Publishers. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
12.) Brockett, Oscar G.; Hildy, Franklin J. (2007). History of the Theater Foundation Edition. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
13.) Steele, William P. The Character of Melodrama: An Examination through Dion Boucicault’s The Poor of New York, including the text of the play. Orono, ME: University of Maine Press, 1968. Print