User:Bliu512/sandbox

Notes

Paragraph: This helps you set the style of the text. For example, a header, or plain paragraph text. You can also use it to offset block quotes.

A : Highlight your text, then click here to format it with bold, italics, etc. The "More" options allows you to underline, add code snippets, and change language keyboards.

Links: The chain button allows you to link your text. Highlight the word, and push the button. VisualEditor will automatically suggest related Wikipedia articles for that word or phrase. This is a great way to connect your article to more Wikipedia content. You only have to link important words once, usually during the first time they appear. If you want to link to pages outside of Wikipedia (for an "external links" section, for example) click on the "External link" tab.

Cite: The citation tool in VisualEditor helps format your citations. You can simply paste a DOI or URL, and the VisualEditor will try to sort out all of the fields you need. Be sure to review it, however, and apply missing fields manually (if you know them). You can also add books, journals, news, and websites manually. That opens up a quick guide for inputting your citations. Finally, you can click the "re-use" tab if you've already added a source and just want to cite it again.

Bullets: To add bullet points or a numbered list, click here.

Insert: This tab lets you add media, images, or tables.

Ω The final tab allows you to add special characters, such as those found in non-English words, scientific notation, and a handful of language extensions.

Bioethics

Violation of the Four Pillars

(This the section that Justin & Rebecca worked on).

Controversy

Southam’s violation of medical ethics as well as the decision in the Hyman v. Jewish Chronic Disease case was highly criticized and ridiculed in the media at the time, being referred to as the "hottest public debate on medical ethics since the Nuremberg trials of Nazi physicians" by Science in 1964. The scandal quickly placed further attention on unethical human experimentation, however, the publicity was short-lived and did little more than raise awareness on bioethical issues.

After the public discovery of Southam’s actions, one immediate action was Southam being censured by the Regents of the University of the State of New York. Today, Southam’s work is recognized of one of several controversial instances of human experimentation during the Cold War era that prompted reform initiatives in the field of bioethics.As time progressed and such unethical experiments became more known to the public, many procedures were developed in order to prevent ethical violations from occurring, such as post-experimentation review, screening entries of experiments submitted to medical journals,and the investigator-monitor system. For example, the United States Public Health Service started to review experiments with human subjects, authorize the procedures, and secure informed consent before issuing grants to the establishment conducting the experiment in order to prevent experiments that violate bioethics to occur.