User:Bleff/sandboxbarilo
Bariloche
San Carlos de Bariloche (Spanish) | |
---|---|
City and municipality | |
Skyline of the city center from Nahuel Huapi Lake Cerro Campanario Civic Center | |
Nickname: | |
Coordinates: 41°09′S 71°18′W / 41.150°S 71.300°W | |
Country | ![]() |
Province | ![]() |
Department | Bariloche |
Established | 3 May 1902 | (as Nahuel Huapi Agricultural Colony)
Government | |
• Intendant | Walter Cortés |
Area | |
• City and municipality | 220.27 km2 (85.05 sq mi) |
Elevation | 893 m (2,930 ft) |
Population (2022 census) | |
• Metro | 135,755 |
Time zone | UTC−3 (ART) |
Climate | Csb |
Website | bariloche.gov.ar |
San Carlos de Bariloche (from the Mapuche name Vuriloche, meaning "people from the other side of the mountain"), commonly known simply as Bariloche (Spanish pronunciation: [baɾiˈlotʃe]), is the largest city in the Argentine province of Río Negro and the seat of the department of the same name. It is located in the foothills of the Patagonian Andes on the southern shore of Nahuel Huapi Lake, near the border with Chile.[3] With a population of 135,755 according to the 2022 census,[4] Bariloche is a mid-sized city by national standards but holds significant regional importance,[3] being not only the most populous city in its province but also the largest in the Patagonian Andes,[1] and the third largest in the entire Argentine Patagonia following Neuquén and Comodoro Rivadavia. Its urban zone is characterized by its low density and has an area of more than 220 square kilometres (85 sq mi), extending longitudinally from east to west for about 50 kilometres (31 mi).[3]
Bariloche's economy is heavily centered on tourism, making it the country's third most visited destination after Buenos Aires and Mar del Plata,[3] as well as the most popular destination in all of Patagonia.[1] It attracts visitors year-round for its scenic natural setting including Nahuel Huapi National Park and other reserves, offering a range of activities such as skiing in winter and water sports and hiking in summer, alongside diverse accommodations and dining options.[3]Cite error: The opening <ref>
tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the help page). It is a traditional hub for student tourism in Argentina, hosting the customary high school graduation trips, as well as 15th birthday celebrations from neighboring countries.[3] In 2012, a law passed by the Argentine Congress declared Bariloche the "National Capital of Adventure Tourism".[5] In addition to tourism, scientific activities are also of growing importance for the city, as it hosts the National Atomic Energy Commission's Bariloche Atomic Centre, as well as the public universities of Comahue, Río Negro and the National Technological.[3]
Before Bariloche's founding, the Nahuel Huapi area was inhabited by nomadic indigenous peoples for at least 10,000 years, with the Poya and Puelche peoples being dominant when Jesuit missionaries first arrived in the 17th century, sailing from Chiloé.[6] After the failed intermittent Jesuit Mission of Nahuel Huapi (1669–1717), indigenous control persisted, with Mapuche cultural influence becoming dominant by the 18th century.[6] As part of the consolidation of the Argentine state, the so-called Conquest of the Desert in 1881 expelled indigenous peoples from Nahuel Huapi and secured Argentine sovereignty in the area.[6] The region was then integrated into Argentina's agro-export economic model, but—as had been the case with the indigenous peoples—Bariloche's development relied on ties with Southern Chile, particularly Puerto Montt and its connection to the Pacific Ocean trade.[6] In fact, the Chilean entrepreneur Carlos Wiederhold is recognized as the first settler of Bariloche, for having opened in 1895 the first store in the current urban area of the city, from where he promoted the commercial circuit with the neighboring country.[6] In what is now commemorated as the official foundation of Bariloche, in 1902 the Argentine government created the Nahuel Huapi Agricultural Colony, giving legal entity to a town that was being increasingly populated due to the flow of trade and people with Chile.
Between the 1910s and 1920s, the weakening of the agro-export model caused a deep economic crisis in Bariloche and the demands for a change of model for the village increased.[6] After unsuccessful attempts to modernize and industrialize the town, it was transformed into an elite tourist destination starting in 1934 under Exequiel Bustillo's leadership of the new National Parks Administration, a shift marked by the creation of Nahuel Huapi National Park, the arrival of the first train, and the construction of landmark public works, such as the Llao Llao Hotel and the Swiss-inspired Civic Center, aligning with its new identity as a tourist hub. Under the government of Juan Perón (1946–1955), social tourism to Bariloche was promoted, making it a popular destination also for the working classes, and the ambitious Huemul Project for nuclear research was developed. After the abandonment of the management of the National Parks, the city has continued to develop and grow around tourism but without orderly state planning, which has generated conflicts over land use.
Etymology
[edit]https://revele.uncoma.edu.ar/index.php/condet/article/view/1624/1660
History
[edit]Indigenous inhabitans
[edit]
The region around Nahuel Huapi Lake had been inhabited by various indigenous groups of Patagonia for thousands of years before the arrival of the first European colonizers.[6] In a cave next to the El Trébol lagoon, in the vicinity of Bariloche, archaeological remains were found dating back to 8,600 BC, more than 10,600 years ago, consisting of utensils and animal remains.[6][7] These early hunter-gatherer inhabitants occupied the cave after the end of the Last Glacial Period and the recovery of the forest in the area, and fed on animals that are now extinct, such as the Mylodon giant sloth, the Dusicyon avus canid, and a type of large deer that predates today's huemuls.[6][7] Researchers have also analyzed fossil pollen remains from the bottom of the lagoon, which revealed that at the time of this occupation there was a forest different from the present one, made up of Nothofagus trees with grasslands.[7] In the same cave, evidence was also found of a later human occupation, corresponding to 4,600 BC, including a larger number of tools like scrapers and blades, in addition to more modern animal remains.[6] Among these are guanacos, huemuls, red and gray foxes (Lycalopex), a felid (like a wild cat), southern viscachas, armadillos, birds the size of swans and chimangos, fish remains (Percichthys perch, pejerrey silverside, and puyén) and freshwater clams (Diplodon).[7] This means that there was consumption of animals from both the Patagonian Steppe and the Patagonian Andean forest, where the site itself is located.[6] In the part of the excavation closest to the surface, more modern remains were also found, belonging to 900 BC, consisting of fragments of vessels made of clay, an important advance that allowed the cooking of other types of food.[6]
https://www.rionegro.com.ar/el-origen-de-bariloche-y-sus-rastros-indigenas-FY1212403/
1669–1881: First Spanish explorations and indigenous resistance
[edit]https://revele.uncoma.edu.ar/index.php/historia/article/view/252
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A Tehuelche camp in 1832, as depicted in Jules Dumont d'Urville's chronicles.
1881–1934: The agricultural colony and the first settlers
[edit]During the period between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the border between Argentina and Chile should be understood as a borderland, a space of encounters and exchanges that challenges the institutional notion of a border between nation-states, highlighting that these areas did not merely function as boundaries but as complex and dynamic social spaces.[8]
https://bariloche.org/historia-regional/
https://viejo.unter.org.ar/imagenes/Mendez.pdf
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View of Carlos Wiederhold's La Alemana, the first store in the area, c. 1902.
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View of the settlement in 1916 looking towards the lake.
1934–1943: Transformation into an elite tourist destination
[edit]https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/objetos_digitales/4970/06-esc-5-6-matossian.pdf
1943–1955: Social tourism and nuclear research
[edit]Geography
[edit]Topography
[edit]Cityscape
[edit]Climate
[edit]Demographics
[edit]Economy
[edit]Culture
[edit]Government
[edit]Education
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Pareja, Ana María (18 June 2020). "¿Por qué Bariloche es la capital argentina de la aventura?". National Geographic España (in Spanish). Spain: Editorial RBA. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ^ Viñas, Ramiro (14 July 2022). "Cómo conocer toda la Patagonia en auto: cuántos días lleva y cuánto cuesta". Los Andes (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g Cravino, María Cristina (2021). "La ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina). Entre la atracción turística y la exclusión urbana". In Riquelme Brevis, Hernán Joaquín; Lazo Corvalán, Alejandra; Oyarce Ortuya, Fernando (eds.). El turismo en el desarrollo de las ciudades. Reflexiones desde el contexto latinoamericano (in Spanish). Santiago: RIL editores; Universidad Autónoma de Chile. pp. 81–112. ISBN 978-956-01-0893-7. Retrieved 28 January 2025 – via CONICET.
- ^ Maradona, Soledad (15 July 2024). "El dato poblacional del Censo por ciudad abrirá debate en Río Negro". Diario Río Negro (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ^ "Ley 26.802" (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Congreso de la Nación Argentina. 28 November 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2025 – via Infoleg.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Marcos Del Bello, general producer; Matías Pablo Saccomanno, director (20 March 2020). BARILOCHE EN HISTORIA | 01. Primeros pobladores (YouTube video) (in Spanish). Centro de Producción de Contenidos Audiovisuales (CPCA). Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN). Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ^ a b c d "Laguna El Trébol, una historia de hace 10.600 años en Bariloche" (in Spanish). INIBIOMA. CONICET. 24 November 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ^ https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/objetos_digitales/4970/06-esc-5-6-matossian.pdf
External links
[edit]Media related to Bariloche at Wikimedia Commons