User:Blancapaola2/sandbox

WEEK 1: 3 vertebrates that I'm excited on looking and studying during the anatomy course.

1. Cats: Although I'm passionate about any feline, I'm also interested on exploring its anatomy because I want to know how the extra vertebrae in the spinal cord, in comparison to the human's spinal cord, work when the animals is falling from a certain height and position during the fall. Also on why the hollow sphere in the pelvis is large.

2. birds: by doing a little bit of researching, I read about the egg tooth they developed during their time in the egg to help break the shell. Its also seen in reptiles. I want to know if the egg tooth is lost during its growth into adulthood or is it shape to eventually form the beak in the case of birds. And also to know if in other species like in snakes or turtles have the same or different purpose during adulthood.

3. sheep: its not the most popular model organism but for me they seem very peaceful animal. I want to dissect or learn about their small cerebellum and how its size affects their ability to learn and the importance of their large olfactory orb.

WEEK 2 Assignment (comments and notes for the article: Comparative Anatomy)

1. on the opening of this article it should say also that its mostly related to physiology, to understand the function of the anatomy parts of an organism in their distinctive enviroment and how it helps them to survive in it.

2. Also they should include the basic structures seen in chordates and even in non-chordates because it helps on classifying the organism and also these structure are part of the study of anatomy and are use to compare between different organisms. (at least mention or put a link to the article that talks about chordates).

3. In the concepts or anatomy, homoplasty(even if it similar to what analogy is) should be mentioned briefly because its also considered and used in taxonomy.

4. In the Historical section, the first sentence regarding Alcmaeon of Croton is totally copy pasted from the source used on the section Anatomy before Aristotle, also the source is mostly about Aristotle and not about the figured mentioned. Also for me I haven't hear from him or read his work so he must not be that popular in the study of anatomy in this case. Since the source provided is mostly about Aristotle contribution to the study of the body structure or different organism, they should have gone with him. And Also Aristotle is not even mentioned!! So yeah Aristotle should be there!

5. For the paragraph on Andreas Vesalius the reference's link doesn't work at all. So a alternative source is need in relation to Andreas Vesalius' work on anatomy. (fourth reference) A suggestion could be from his popular work on his book: On the Fabric on Human Body.

6. Also when I was looking on the source of Aristotle and the wiki article on Andreas Vesalius and on this article with Edward Tyson they all are referred as the founder of father of anatomy and its confusing. All of them contributed some of their work for the study of anatomy, but I personally think no one is the father of anatomy. If a father or founder of a study is necessary for this article when the oldest work of a certain person should be consider the founder of that study.

7. The last sentence of this article is somewhat unnecessary, it should be include in the see also section. I imagine they wrote that sentence just to fill up some space.

8. In the first paragraph on the Historical section they didn't cite in information of Alcmaeon of Croton on dolphins.

9. OK... I was looking on the first reference of this article and place it on google to see it but I browse a little on the option it gave me and found a link with exactly the same information published in this article! I don't think this page is part of wikipedia or something but I smell plagiarism here, but I could be wrong. NOTE: ITS AN EXTERNAL LINK! SO ITS GOOD! NOT BE FLAGGED! here is the link:

WEEK 3: COLLECTIVE GROUP CHANGES:

1. Include a section dedicated to phylogeny and how the genetics and anatomy or different taxa could be organized in a molecular tree. Its important because this would help us compare different taxa and their anatomy to distinguish their evolution time on were they first appeared or were a specific characteristic of the anatomy started to shape or form that help them adapt to their environment to fulfill their needs.

WEEK 4: Dissection project

1. Amia (bowfin): I choose this organism because of its extended and extraordinary large dermatocranium present in the head and thorax.

Sub topics:

Gas bladder

Gill

Weberian apparatus

2. Iguana: My interest in this organism is how the dewlaps located in the neck extends to make the appearance of the iguana larger when defending their territory and if a one point it could be used for mating when moving it neck(which I'm also interested in).

sub topics:

Dewlap

Parietal eye

Salt gland

3. Rat: In this organism I mostly interested in its pronounced incisors and its extended cheek pouches when feeding. Finally the diastema.

sub topics:

Diastema

Cheek pouch

Incisor

WEEK 5: Sources only for wiki articles in relation to Amia (Bibliographies)

gas bladder:

• the relation of the swim bladder to the inner ear in antimora rostrara to increase hearing sensibility in the deep sea (article).[1] ; Kardong, Kenneth V. (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 701
• how the swim bladder and the lungs differentiate from one another and where both derived. Also in the evolution section it should include the taxa groups that lacks or have swim bladders. Kardong, Kenneth V. (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 417-418; 428-430.

pharyngeal pouches:

• it should include a section on a brief summary on embryogenesis on the germ layer that forms the pharyngeal puches while also the several derivatives that form from it. Also the specific location in which they develop. This article also give more details about the different pouches it forms. [2]

cycloid scales:

• [3]

WEEK 6: (Draft on what to add to improve an article):

Article selected for editing: Swim bladder Section: structure and function, Paragraph # that needs improvement: 6

• Draft about the relation between the swim bladder and the Weberian apparatus (relationship between both regarding detection and hearing of sound)

The swim bladder in some species can be interconnected with the inner ear of the fish. They are connected by four bones called the Weberian ossicles from the Weberian Apparatus. These bones can carry the vibrations to the Saccule and the Lagena (anatomy). They are suited for detecting sound and vibrations due to its low density in comparison to the density of the fish's body tissues. This increases the ability of sound detection. The swim bladder can radiate the pressure of sound which help increase its sensitivity and expand its hearing. In some deep sea fishes like the Antimora, the swim bladder maybe also connected to the Macula of saccule in order for the inner ear to receive a sensation from the sound pressure.

WEEK 7: Answering to Peer Review on Draft #1

Feedback:

Professor

look on the book regarding the specific sound waves that they can detect depending on the density of the water in their environment. Look on the use of the word primitive (which implies rudimentary nature) that could be replace with ancestral (the structure is older that the newer more derived structures) [this is regarding the evolutionary origins of the gas bladder]. Finally, look closely on the language used in certain discussions. Use primary literature sources

Korean bobsledder

cite the webberian apparatus in the draft (unless previously cited on the article you are editing). Do more research on the topic! Hard to give feedback due to lack of organization.

Hobbscassidy

Hard to navigate. Good on having contextualizing sources with the info you want to pulled from the article for future use. Suggest to add on section regarding for risk of injury due to loud sounds.

Lexiehiggins

Liked to focus on gas bladder [respiration] in Amia. No alot of discussion about things I want to add or learn about the gas bladder.

Ahyneman

The section is laid out nicely and have a good amount of sources.

WEEK 8: Draft #2

Gas bladder (Risk of Injury section):

• In many Anthropogenic activities, like pile driving or even Seismic wave, that could result from climate change or natural causes, can create high-intensity sound waves that could cause a certain amount of damage to fishes that possess a gas bladder, which includes physostome and Physoclisti. Physostomes can release air in order to decrease the tension in the gas bladder that may cause internal injuries to other vital organs. While physoclisti can't expel air fast enough, making it more difficult to avoid any major injuries. Some of the commonly seen injuries included ruptured gas bladder and renal Haemorrhage. These mostly affect the overall health of the fish and didn't affect their mortality rate. Investigators used the High-Intensity-Controlled Impedance Fluid Filled (HICI-FT), a stainless-steel wave tube with a electromagnetic shaker. It simulates high-energy sound waves in aquatic far-field, plane-wave acoustic conditions.

Weberian apparatus (evolutionary section)

• An important feature within the formation of the Weberian apparatus, which is a synapomorphy of the Otocephala, is the attachment of the anterior Pleural cavity(rib) to the Swim bladder. Another crucial feature is the anterior otophysic diverticula of the swim bladder and contacting the inner ear, seen in extant Clupeiformes. There is also a relationship between the interossicular ligament and the swimbladder is that it originated from the swim bladder diverticulum. This was shown by comparing the fiber of the ligament and the tunica externa of the swim bladder that have the same histological composition of elastin and icthyocoll (a specfic type I collagen).

EXTRA THINGS FOR FINAL EDITS:

Bowfin (gill rakers):

• There were also some studies regarding the mortality rate of the bowfin. In 1916, A female bowfin was starved for twenty months. It was the longest period that any vertebrate has been with out food during observation, as far the writer was aware during that time. Some independent studies focus on the bowfin's ability to used organic material as a source of food. So the observed the structure of gill raker. They concluded that it didn't benefit from the organic material in the water because the gill raker were short with blunt processes and a short space between them.Even bacteria could enter and exit through the gill easily. Their structure alone indicate that the Amia doesn't used microorganism as a source of food.