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User:Berton/Malvales

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The lumper classification of APG and Kubitzki system of Malvaceae sensu lato, including Bombacaceae, Tiliaceae and Sterculiaceae, with that reducing the degree of homogeneity of the group completely.

After Chase et al.2000 [1] "If there are genera for which placement is not clear, then a larger unit with good support should be recognised. This was exactly the reason given for recognising Malvaceae s.l. (including Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae) rather than splitting out some new families." Well, this argument is simply ingenuous.

Obviously this classification (Malvaceae sensu lato) shall be totally rejected. Still, with regard to this: according to Soltis et al. 2000 (model for APG II system) [2], with phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences, but not morphology (what certainly is an error) they considered Malvaceae sensu stricto " monophyletic ", that is homologous, and the traditionally Malvales (not sensu Soltis et al.) also homologous as "Malvaceae sensu lato", with low support level there was a realignment of the subgroups of Malvales, in way that one might conclude that if were included the morphological data, certainly would be a rearrange closer of the traditional classifications based on morphology. Also should be recognized (for the support level: 93%) the families: Sparrmanniaceae J. Agardh, 1858 and Byttneriaceae R. Brown, 1814. It is also probable: Subfamily Bombacoideae as synonym of Bombacaceae. Subfamilies Helicteroideae, Dombeyoideae, Durionoideae and Sterculioideae should be included into Sterculiaceae, with tribe Durioneae transferred from Bombacaceae to Sterculiaceae as subfamily or even family. Subfamilies Tilioideae and Brownlowioideae should be included into Tiliaceae.

Another much more acceptable approach is to divide taxa in ten families as Heywood et. al. 2007 [3] made recently.

So, the classification of Order Malvales is:

Homologous taxa in bold; not homogeneous taxa in italics; * = taxonomic category corrected; + = strongly "anagenetic" taxa with transitional forms.

  • Order * Malvales
  • Family Sparrmanniaceae [3]
  • Family Byttneriaceae [3]
  • Family Tiliaceae [3]
  • Subfamily Tilioideae
  • Subfamily Brownlowioideae (or as family Brownlowiaceae Cheek, 2006 [4], according to Heywood et al. 2007) [3]
  • Family * Sterculiaceae [3]
  • Subfamily Sterculioideae +
  • Subfamily Helicteroideae + (or as family Helicteraceae J. Agardh, 1858, according to Heywood et al. 2007) [3]
  • Subfamily * Durionoideae + (or as family Durionaceae Cheek, 2006 [4], according to Heywood et al. 2007) [3]
  • Subfamily Dombeyoideae + (or as family Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, 1820, according to Heywood et al. 2007) [3] (or as family Dombeyaceae Desf., 1829, according Doweld & Reveal) [5]
  • Family Bombacaceae [3]
  • Family Malvaceae [3]

Note: Durionaceae already is listed at IPNI website.

List of genera

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Sparrmanniaceae (26)

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Byttneriaceae (26)

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Tiliaceae (13)

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Subf. Tilioideae (3)

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Subf. Brownlowioideae (10)

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Sterculiaceae (45)

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Subf. Sterculioideae (13)

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Subf. Helicteroideae (6)

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Subf. Durionoideae (6)

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Subf. Dombeyoideae (20) (= Pentapetaceae)

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Bombacaceae (25)

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Malvaceae (133)

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But it might have been included some synonyms because Heywood et al. [3] enumerate 115 genera.

Actually the genera Lagunaria, Camptostemon, Uladendron and Howittia, forming a called "bridge taxon", that is, anagenetic relict, mangroves or small sublittoral trees [6] from Australasian/Indomalesian or trees from Neotropical region (Uladendron), then should be placed in their own family (perhaps something like Lagunariaceae).

References

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  1. ^ Chase, M. W., Fay, M. F. & Savolainen, V. (2000). Higher-level classification in the angiosperms: new insights from the perspective of DNA sequence. Taxon 49(4):685-704.
  2. ^ Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Chase, M.W., Mort, M.E., Albach, T.D., Zanis, M., Savolaninen, V., Hahn, W.H., Hoot, S.B., Fay, M.F., Axtell, M., Swensen, S.M., Prince, L.M., Kress, W.J., Nixon, K.C., and Farris, J.S. (2000). Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 133(4): 381-461
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Heywood, V. H., Brummitt, R. K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. (2007). Flowering Plant Families of the World. Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books. ISBN 1-55407-206-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b Cheek, Martin. (2006). The validation of two new family names in Malvales: Durionaceae and Brownlowiaceae. Kew Bulletin 61(3): 443.
  5. ^ Doweld, A. & Reveal, J. L. (2007). (1764) Proposal to conserve the name Dombeyaceae. Taxon 56(1):265-266.
  6. ^ Baum, D. A., DeWitt Smith, S., Yen, A., Alverson, W. S., Nyffeler, R., Whitlock, B. A. & Oldham, R. A. (2004). American Journal of Botany 91(11):1863-1871.
  7. ^ a b Kubitzki, K. & Bayer, C., (2003).The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Vol. 5: Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales
  8. ^ a b Tate, J. A., Aguilar, J. F., Wagstaff, S. J., La Duke, J. C., Slotta, T. A. B. & Simpson, B. B. (2005).Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data. American Journal of Botany 92(4): 584–602.
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