User:Benson02/sandbox

Week 14: Final edit (05/07-05/13)

-Last week: I edited my initial high resolution clasper image and added a second "back ground" image to better help orient the viewer.

-This week: I have added the following to the Spotted ratfish (below). I felt the "reproduction" section could use more on the male sexual characteristics, so I added this short summary:

Male Spotted ratfish have multiple secondary sexual characteristics, which include paired pelvic claspers, a single frontal tenaculum, and paired pelvic tentacula.^[6] The pelvic claspers are located on the ventral side of the fish. They protrude out from the pelvic fins and are responsible for the movement of sperm to the oviducts of the female. ^[6] The interior of the pelvic clasper is supported by cartilage and separates into two branches, ultimately ending in a fleshy lobe on the posterior end.

-This week: In addition, I made a few minor changes to my existing past edit and also added a few sentences to the end of the passage.

The cephalic clasper (tentaculum), possessed by the male fish, is a unique club-like organ not found in any other vertebrates. The cephalic clasper is located on the head of the fish, just anterior to the eyes. The tip of the retractable organ is fleshy and lined with numerous small, sharp barbs. In order for the male to stay attached during courtship, the clasper has been observed to clamp down on the pectoral fin of the female. Additional evidence for this type of usage has been found in the form of scars and scratches on the dorsal side of females. The significantly smaller body size of males, which is a sexually dimorphic characteristic, may be a contributing factor to this type of mating behavior.

In regards to the "venom" content: Over the course of the dissection I never found any venomous glands, or tissue that may have produced venom. In addition, the cross-section of the "spine" did not yield any opening or hole that would suggest venom was released from that location. In light of this information, I did not end up adding any information to the venom page.

Week 13: Illustrate your article (4/30-05/06)

Week 12: Improving your article (04/23-04/29)

Venom/Claspers (Chris) Additions to clasper page:

Week 11: Begin Moving Work to Wikipedia (4/16-4/22)

Work added to Spotted ratfish page:

The male spotted ratfish possesses a cephalic clasper (tentaculum), which is a unique club-like organ not found in any other vertebrates.^[1] The cephalic clasper is located on the head of the fish, just anterior to the eyes. The tip of the retractable structure is fleshy and lined with numerous small, sharp barbs. In order for the male to stay attached during courtship, the clasper has been observed to clamp down on the pectoral fin of the female.^[2]^[3]

Edits continued on clasper but not added yet:

The chimaera claspers are unique to chimaeroid fishes because they are covered in tiny spine like projections. The many denticle-like protrusions face the anterior of the fish and are thought to aid in grasping the ventral side of the female during copulation^[4]. When compared to its sister group, the elasmobrachii, the claspers of holocephali are much more exaggerated and are extremely large in proportion to its body. Also, they display bifurcate characteristics on the interior of the clasper.

Week 10: Draft #2

The chimaera claspers are unique in that they are covered in tiny spine like projections. The many denticle protrusions face the anterior of the fish and are thought to aid in grasping onto to the female during mating^[4]. When compared to its sister group, the elasmobrachii, the claspers of holocephali are much more exaggerated and are extremely large in proportion to its body. Also, they display either a bifurcate or trifurcate characteristics.

There are a couple changes/additions I might make next week. First, I would like to add a scale bar to the image as a point of reference. Second, I would like to make some actual physical measurements to the claspers and the body as a whole. Finally, it might be interesting to get a saggital plane view of the clasper and further explore the interior anatomy.

User:Ahyneman/sandbox

Week 9: Feedback Review

Group feedback themes:

Some of the group feedback overlap included organization, narrowing focus, altering citations to wikipedia format and condensing topics.
Response: I think we can consolidate drafts one and two (at lease I think this is what was meant by "merge sections"). I think this change would also clear up some organization issues as well. Also,I believe that we would all benefit by adding a specific written draft that would go on our chosen pages. In addition, I am going to change the citation to wikipedia format.

Personal feedback:

The main feedback I saw was to maybe flesh out a more specific game plan and actually write out a draft. I plan on taking a couple pictures of the unique claspers on the Chimaera and post those to the wiki "claspers" page. Then I will make a hyperlink from the chimaera page to the claspers page. Finally, I am going to write a short summary of the unique features of the claspers on the chimaera page, with the hyperlink imbedded in the text. In addition to this I have done more research on the chimaera venom gland. I believe the gland may be a sacciform cell if it is indeed a unicellular gland.
In response to the question posted by Murry4329, "are you going to compare the rabbit fish with other lineages?" Yes, I may compare the Chimaera, in reference to venom, because I found a great cladogram with venomous fishes. However, I believe there is still plenty to do on just the Chimaera first. That may be something else that could be researched later on if there is still time.

Week 8: Peer Review

Salamander

Great work! I really like the collaboration on your group page and how well organized it is. For Cassidy: I believe your topic is the mouth and teeth? I think that is nice straight forward anatomical area to study. The only suggestion I would have, as it may be helpful to your group, is to have a hyperlink to the page you plan on editing. For Josh: The sources you found are quality. There will be plenty to add on to the salamander page for organs and skeletal systems. For Jacob: Nice work so far, you have some really well formed ideas written out already. Are you adding the info on glandular and mucous glands to the salamander page? It wasn't quite clear were the written information was going to end up. As I suggested to Cassidy, it could be helpful to add a hyperlink to the page you plan on editing. Good job guys.

Peer Review Iguana

Nice work guys! It appears you have done some good background research up to this point in the draft. For Courtney: I like what you have done so far. You have a clear anatomical structure, with some quality sources to draw from. After reviewing the reptile page, it seems like there is plenty of room for improving the circulation subsection and specifically the iguana (heart). For Lexie: The pigment and coloration of the dewlap is very interesting. In addition to your work thus far, maybe you could talk about the significance the dewlap has in iguana mating, if any link exists (for example, I believe anole lizards use it for attracting partners). For Mikalya, I enjoyed the cited sources you found, especially the tomographic anatomy article. Not sure if the iguana page needs it, but that article had some great pictures of the skull anatomy.

The only small suggestion I would have for the overall group draft would be in regards to organization. The group sandbox containing all draft information was a little difficult to make sense of at first glance, so making it more uniform might help you guys out in the long run. Otherwise, keep up the good work!

Week 7: Additional work on draft #1

What is the Systemic Source of Venom?

After looking into a couple articles, it appears that chimaera my have a glandular epithelium that is located posterior to the dorsal spine. This could be a good potential anatomical structure to look further into for the chimaera. I have attached a link below to the article:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1439692?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Other Related Taxa with Toxin Production..

Among the chondrites there are two subclasses, the Elasmobranchii and Holecephal (chimaera). The sharks and rays are among the Elasmobranchii are very closely related to the chimaera. There are certain species of rays that produce toxins. This may be an important clue into how the chimaera transfer their venom. It could also provide a totally novel mechanism to research further.

Does Chimaera Produce Venom or Poison?

Apparently a poison is any substance that causes irritation and must be touched, inhaled, or ingested. While venom is any poison that is delivered by a spine or injection like mechanism. Technically, since the chimaera uses a spine, it must be producing venom.

Venom Wiki Page Addition:

I am thinking of adding additional information regarding the structure of the venomous spine in the Chimaera. Here is an article resource that relates more to this topic. Does this merit inclusion onto the page? Or is there a page were this would be better suited?

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02362.x/abstrac

venom

Dissection Subjects:

1) chimaera

I chose to work with the chimaera because it has a highly unusual anatomy (relative to more common fish) and I am curious about what allows them to live at such extreme ocean depths.
Possible Pages to edit:
- Placoid scales
- Electroreception
- Venom

2) pigeon

I chose the pigeon because I am curious as to what organ allows it to detect Earth's magnetic field.
Possible pages to edit:
- Vestibular nuclei
- Crop
- Magnetoreception

3) iguana

I would like to work with the iguana because of the regenerative properties of its tail and its excellent vision.
Possible pages to edit:
- Parietal eye
- Tympanum
- Osteoderm

This is a user sandbox of Benson02. You can use it for testing or practicing edits.
This is not the sandbox where you should draft your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course.
To find the right sandbox for your assignment, visit your Dashboard course page and follow the Sandbox Draft link for your assigned article in the My Articles section.

Get Help

Vertebra Article

Should we expand the development section? More specifically, it might be beneficial to add additional information on the evolution of vertebra, in addition to development. If so, we would suggest adding a cross link to vertebrate( this page has a section on evolutionary development). Also, adding more references could improve the section. Attached you will find a link to a credible source on evolution of vertabra. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Benson02 (talk • contribs) 18:12, 17 February 2017 (UTC)

http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/10/1733

^ Raikow, R. J., & Swierczewski, E. V. (1975). Functional anatomy and sexual dimorphism of the cephalic clasper in the pacific ratfish (Chimaera collei). Journal of Morphology, 145(4), 435-439. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051450404
^ Klimley, A. P., & Oerding, S. (2013). Biology of Sharks and Rays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
^ Carrier, J. C., Heithaus, M. R., & Musick, J. A. (2012). Biology of sharks and their relatives. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
^ ^a ^b Leigh-Sharpe, W. Harold. "The comparative morphology of the secondary sexual characters of holocephali and elasmobranch fishes. the claspers, clasper siphons, and clasper glands." Journal of Morphology 36.2 (1922): 199-220.

[1] Raikow, R. J., & Swierczewski, E. V. (1975). Functional anatomy and sexual dimorphism of the cephalic clasper in the pacific ratfish (Chimaera collei). Journal of Morphology, 145(4), 435-439. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051450404

[2] Klimley, A. P., & Oerding, S. (2013). Biology of Sharks and Rays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

[3] Carrier, J. C., Heithaus, M. R., & Musick, J. A. (2012). Biology of sharks and their relatives. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

[:0-4] Leigh-Sharpe, W. Harold. "The comparative morphology of the secondary sexual characters of holocephali and elasmobranch fishes. the claspers, clasper siphons, and clasper glands." Journal of Morphology 36.2 (1922): 199-220.

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