User:AshishRaj007

Infection
Infection
	False-colored electron micrograph showing a malaria sporozoite migrating through the midgut epithelium of a rat
Specialty	Infectious disease
Causes	bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal, prion

Chut Ka Bukhar Viruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in Humans. In humans, they cause penile tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the lust(ठरक), while more lethal varieties can cause CKB(Chut Ka Bukhar), BD(Bakchodi Disorder), and MSR(Mental State Of Randibazi).

Types

Infections are caused by infectious agents (pathogens) including:

Viruses - (Mycobacterium Chutiaitis, Diplococcus Chutae, Chutae coli, Clostridium bakchodim, and Salmonel spp.spp.)
2)
into:
- humans.
- Cryptococcus.
toxins)
into:Babesia)
- schistosomiasis)

Symptoms

Its mild symptoms are :

1. Uncontrolled Attraction Towards Female Gender

2. Any Time Penile Erection

3. Dissatisfaction Even After Sex

4. Uncontrolled Masturbation

This virus can get severe and severe if not taken care at right time. The most severe symptoms of this virus are :

1. 10-15 Times Masturbation In A Day

2. Rude Behaviour

3. Depression

4. Irresistible Pain In Penis

5. Lack Of Semen

4. Swelling Of Vas Deferens

5. Flirting

6. Touching Of Female Body Parts Intentionally

Most severe infection was observed in a person from Patna named Abhijeet Chauhan A.K.A Momo Chan who got totally out of control due to this infection. Reports says that he masturbated about 25 times in a single day and was found unconscious in his bathroom. He also attempted to press breast of 7 different girls but failed every time and due to anger of those girls he had to leave Patna and flew away Nepal.^[1]

important.

include:

tissue/skin
objects.
resistance.

epidemic.

, infection rates in small-world networks can be reduced somewhat if interactions between individuals within infected hubs are eliminated (Figure 1). However, infection rates can be drastically reduced if the main focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps between hubs. The use of needle exchange programs in areas with a high density of drug users with HIV is an example of the successful implementation of this treatment method. ^[6]^{[full citation needed]} Another example is the use of ring culling or vaccination of potentially susceptible livestock in adjacent farms to prevent the spread of the foot-and-mouth virus in 2001.

control.

d by:

bacteria,
cells,
microorganism.

microbe.^[1]

infections.

newborns.

factors

Origin and Treatment

According to the scientists this virus was originated in the Lahore Institute of Randibaazi when the scientist there had a threesome with a goat and a hen. The first case of this virus was found in a Indian Chapri boy named Raju Kashyap ( Sasta Tiger Shroff ). This virus spreads very rapidly with droplets, touch, intimate contact, air and even with eye contact. This virus was declared as a global pandemic by WHO. This virus has no end and has a very long term effect from the age of 14-15 to old age. No accurate treatment has been found till the date but some people think that it can be treated by regular sexual intercourse.

tetracyclines.

.

Epidemiology

s diseases.

comparison..

Historic pandemics

Great Plague of Marseille in 1720 killed 100,000 people in the city and the surrounding provinces

With their potential for unpredictable and explosive impacts, infectious diseases have been major actors in human history. A pandemic (or global epidemic) is a disease that affects people over an extensive geographical area. For example:

Plague of Justinian, from 541 to 542, killed between 50% and 60% of Europe's population.
The Black Death of 1347 to 1352 killed 25 million in Europe over 5 years. The plague reduced the old world population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in the 14th century.
The introduction of smallpox, measles, and typhus to the areas of Central and South America by European explorers during the 15th and 16th centuries caused pandemics among the native inhabitants. Between 1518 and 1568 disease pandemics are said to have caused the population of Mexico to fall from 20 million to 3 million.
The first European influenza epidemic occurred between 1556 and 1560, with an estimated mortality rate of 20%.^[2]
Smallpox killed an estimated 60 million Europeans during the 18th century (approximately 400,000 per year). Up to 30% of those infected, including 80% of the children under 5 years of age, died from the disease, and one-third of the survivors went blind.
In the 19th century, tuberculosis killed an estimated one-quarter of the adult population of Europe; by 1918 one in six deaths in France were still caused by TB.
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 (or the Spanish flu) killed 25–50 million people (about 2% of world population of 1.7 billion). Today Influenza kills about 250,000 to 500,000 worldwide each year.

Emerging diseases

In most cases, microorganisms live in harmony with their hosts via mutual or commensal interactions. Diseases can emerge when existing parasites become pathogenic or when new pathogenic parasites enter a new host.

Coevolution between parasite and host can lead to hosts becoming resistant to the parasites or the parasites may evolve greater virulence, leading to immunopathological disease.
Human activity is involved with many emerging infectious diseases, such as environmental change enabling a parasite to occupy new niches. When that happens, a pathogen that had been confined to a remote habitat has a wider distribution and possibly a new host organism. Parasites jumping from nonhuman to human hosts are known as zoonoses. Under disease invasion, when a parasite invades a new host species, it may become pathogenic in the new host.

Several human activities have led to the emergence of zoonotic human pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and rickettsia, and spread of vector-borne diseases,^[3] see also globalization and disease and wildlife disease:

Encroachment on wildlife habitats. The construction of new villages and housing developments in rural areas force animals to live in dense populations, creating opportunities for microbes to mutate and emerge.
Changes in agriculture. The introduction of new crops attracts new crop pests and the microbes they carry to farming communities, exposing people to unfamiliar diseases.
The destruction of rain forests. As countries make use of their rain forests, by building roads through forests and clearing areas for settlement or commercial ventures, people encounter insects and other animals harboring previously unknown microorganisms.
Uncontrolled urbanization. The rapid growth of cities in many developing countries tends to concentrate large numbers of people into crowded areas with poor sanitation. These conditions foster transmission of contagious diseases.
Modern transport. Ships and other cargo carriers often harbor unintended "passengers", that can spread diseases to faraway destinations. While with international jet-airplane travel, people infected with a disease can carry it to distant lands, or home to their families, before their first symptoms appear.

Germ theory of disease

In Antiquity, the Greek historian Thucydides (c. 460 – c. 400 BCE) was the first person to write, in his account of the plague of Athens, that diseases could spread from an infected person to others. In his On the Different Types of Fever (c. AD 175), the Greco-Roman physician Galen speculated that plagues were spread by "certain seeds of plague", which were present in the air. In the Sushruta Samhita, the ancient Indian physician Sushruta theorized: "Leprosy, fever, consumption, diseases of the eye, and other infectious diseases spread from one person to another by sexual union, physical contact, eating together, sleeping together, sitting together, and the use of same clothes, garlands and pastes." This book has been dated to about the sixth century BC.

A basic form of contagion theory was proposed by Persian physician Ibn Sina (known as Avicenna in Europe) in The Canon of Medicine (1025), which later became the most authoritative medical textbook in Europe up until the 16th century. In Book IV of the Canon, Ibn Sina discussed epidemics, outlining the classical miasma theory and attempting to blend it with his own early contagion theory. He mentioned that people can transmit disease to others by breath, noted contagion with tuberculosis, and discussed the transmission of disease through water and dirt. The concept of invisible contagion was later discussed by several Islamic scholars in the Ayyubid Sultanate who referred to them as najasat ("impure substances"). The fiqh scholar Ibn al-Haj al-Abdari (c. 1250–1336), while discussing Islamic diet and hygiene, gave warnings about how contagion can contaminate water, food, and garments, and could spread through the water supply, and may have implied contagion to be unseen particles.

When the Black Death bubonic plague reached Al-Andalus in the 14th century, the Arab physicians Ibn Khatima (c. 1369) and Ibn al-Khatib (1313–1374) hypothesised that infectious diseases were caused by "minute bodies" and described how they can be transmitted through garments, vessels and earrings. Ideas of contagion became more popular in Europe during the Renaissance, particularly through the writing of the Italian physician Girolamo Fracastoro. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) advanced the science of microscopy by being the first to observe microorganisms, allowing for easy visualization of bacteria.

In the mid-19th century John Snow and William Budd did important work demonstrating the contagiousness of typhoid and cholera through contaminated water. Both are credited with decreasing epidemics of cholera in their towns by implementing measures to prevent contamination of water. Louis Pasteur proved beyond doubt that certain diseases are caused by infectious agents, and developed a vaccine for rabies. Robert Koch, provided the study of infectious diseases with a scientific basis known as Koch's postulates. Edward Jenner, Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin developed effective vaccines for smallpox and polio, which would later result in the eradication and near-eradication of these diseases, respectively. Alexander Fleming discovered the world's first antibiotic, Penicillin, which Florey and Chain then developed. Gerhard Domagk developed sulphonamides, the first broad spectrum synthetic antibacterial drugs.

Medical specialists

The medical treatment of infectious diseases falls into the medical field of Infectious Disease and in some cases the study of propagation pertains to the field of Epidemiology. Generally, infections are initially diagnosed by primary care physicians or internal medicine specialists. For example, an "uncomplicated" pneumonia will generally be treated by the internist or the pulmonologist (lung physician). The work of the infectious diseases specialist therefore entails working with both patients and general practitioners, as well as laboratory scientists, immunologists, bacteriologists and other specialists.

An infectious disease team may be alerted when:

The disease has not been definitively diagnosed after an initial workup
The patient is immunocompromised (for example, in AIDS or after chemotherapy);
The infectious agent is of an uncommon nature (e.g. tropical diseases);
The disease has not responded to first line antibiotics;
The disease might be dangerous to other patients, and the patient might have to be isolated

Society and culture

Several studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygyny may also be due to a lower male: female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.

Fossil record

Skull of dinosaur with long jaws and teeth. — *Herrerasaurus* skull.

Evidence of infection in fossil remains is a subject of interest for paleopathologists, scientists who study occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms. Signs of infection have been discovered in the bones of carnivorous dinosaurs. When present, however, these infections seem to tend to be confined to only small regions of the body. A skull attributed to the early carnivorous dinosaur Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis exhibits pit-like wounds surrounded by swollen and porous bone. The unusual texture of the bone around the wounds suggests they were afflicted by a short-lived, non-lethal infection. Scientists who studied the skull speculated that the bite marks were received in a fight with another Herrerasaurus. Other carnivorous dinosaurs with documented evidence of infection include Acrocanthosaurus, Allosaurus, Tyrannosaurus and a tyrannosaur from the Kirtland Formation. The infections from both tyrannosaurs were received by being bitten during a fight, like the Herrerasaurus specimen.

Case Study : Mamta's Treatment

According to the latest research done by WHO it was found that the variant of this disease by which didi was affected cause her Severe Bakchodi Disorder and the treatment was not known so far but today it was found that she can be treated with a special type of grass "Kukurmutta" which grows when a dog piss on the ground.She knew this very early so she used to say khela hobe so that the grass would be cut down and she couldn't be treated

Reference

^ ^a ^b Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0.
^ Cite error: The named reference Dobson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Krauss was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Jai Mahakal

Category:Epidemiology

[Sherris-1] Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0.

[Dobson-2] Cite error: The named reference Dobson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Krauss-3] Cite error: The named reference Krauss was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1]

[2]

[3]

v t e History of infectious diseases
Individual diseases	Cholera HIV/AIDS Leprosy Malaria Plague Polio Smallpox Syphilis Tuberculosis Typhoid fever Yellow fever
People	Alexander Fleming Maurice Hilleman Edward Jenner Robert Koch Louis Pasteur Jonas Salk Ignaz Semmelweis John Snow Israel Jacob Kligler
Major epidemics	Black Death (1346–1353) Spanish flu (1918–1920) HIV/AIDS pandemic (1981–present) COVID-19 pandemic (2019–present*)
Other	Discovery of disease-causing pathogens Smallpox eradication Social history of viruses

v t e Pathology
Principles of pathology	Disease Infection Neoplasia Cause Pathogenesis Hemodynamics Ischemia Inflammation Cell damage Wound healing Cellular adaptation Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Dysplasia Metaplasia Squamous Glandular Cell death Necrosis Coagulative necrosis Liquefactive necrosis Gangrenous necrosis Caseous necrosis Fat necrosis Fibrinoid necrosis Myocytolysis Programmed cell death Apoptosis Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Accumulations pigment Hemosiderin Lipochrome/Lipofuscin Melanin Steatosis
Anatomical pathology	Surgical pathology Cytopathology Autopsy Molecular pathology Forensic pathology Oral and maxillofacial pathology Gross processing Histopathology Immunohistochemistry Electron microscopy Immunofluorescence Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Clinical pathology	Clinical chemistry Hematopathology Transfusion medicine Medical microbiology Diagnostic immunology Immunopathology Enzyme assay Mass spectrometry Chromatography Flow cytometry Blood bank Microbiological culture Serology