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For the effect studied in physics, see Coriolis effect.

In psychophysical perception, the Coriolis effect (also referred to as the Coriolis illusion or the vestibular Coriolis effect) is the misperception of body orientation due to head movement while under the effect of rotation, often inducing nausea.[1][2][3] This effect comes about as the head is moved in contrary or similar motion with the body during the time of a spin. This goes on to affect the vestibular system, particularly the semicircular canals which are affected by the acceleration. This causes a sense of dizziness or nausea before equilibrium is restored after the head returns to a stabilized state[4][5]. Crucially, this illusion is based entirely upon perception, and is largely due to conflicting signals between one's sight and one's perception of their body position or motion.[6] Examples of situations where this can arise are circular acceleration and movement during a circular rotation. [7]

There is also the pseudo-Coriolis effect (also referred to as the optokinetic pseudo-Coriolis effect), which takes place when there is no physical circular movement, only visual. [8][9] Perceptually it feels the same as the Coriolis effect, being perceived as self motion inducing the same kind of nausea and often the cause of motion sickness.

History

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Coriolis force was discovered by Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis in 1832. By the end of the 19th century, Coriolis force had become a common phrase in meteorological literature.[10] Coriolis force is classified as a fictitious force that is applied to objects that are in rotation.[11] The term was first applied to perception by G. Schubert in 1954, where it was termed the vestibular Coriolis effect due to theory that it was being caused by the fictitious force being at work within the semicircular canals.[12][13]

Causes and Effects

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The physiological mechanism by which the effect occurs is all contained within the semicircular canals, as determined by head tilt. When rotating and tilting a person's head, the endolymphatic fluid within the canal may be subjected to the Coriolis force.[13] This occurs when the motion as at a constant rate so that the fluid and the canals move at the same rate, causing the sensation of rotation to disappear. When interrupted by a head movement, the fluid will move at an angle, affecting the cupula, which will cause a perceived rotation that is not occurring.[14][15]

This most often occurs when a person's head is moved out of alignment during a spin. If individuals are spinning to the left along their y-axis and then push their head forward, that will bring their heads out of alignment and make it subject to Coriolis force and resultant effect. The manifestation of this effect is that the individuals will feel like their heads are tilting to their left.[4]

This can cause nausea, disorientation, and vomiting resulting from motion sickness. These feelings of discomfort arise in the body due to a variety of signals when the signals being sent by the vestibular system and visual system are not in agreement, i.e. the eyes may be telling the body that one is not moving, but the vestibular systems' fine-tuned senses are detecting and communicating the opposite.[16]

Real world instances

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The Coriolis effect is a concern for pilots and astronauts, where it can cause extreme disorientation.[17][18][19][20][21] This happens as pilots turn or rotate their aircraft, while also turning their head. It has been noted as difficult to report, as oftentimes the sensation is difficult to describe.[22] In extreme situations, this can cause the pilot to lose control of the aircraft.[23] Due to the possible dangers of this, pilots are often trained physiologically, such as in a Bárány chair, to prepare for such circumstances, along with being trained to trust their flying instruments rather than their own visual perceptions.[15]

The pseudo-Coriolis effect often occurs in VR simulations, where it can be perceived that motion is occurring without the body itself moving.[24]

See also[edit]

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References[edit]

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Further reading[edit]

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See, for example, Pouly and Young.

  1. ^ Vincoli, Jeffrey W., ed. (2000). Lewis' dictionary of occupational and environmental safety and health. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56670-399-4.
  2. ^ Sanders, Mark S.; McCormick, Ernest J. (1993). Human factors in engineering and design. McGraw-Hill International Editions Psychology series (Seventh ed.). New York, NY London Madrid: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-112826-1.
  3. ^ Ebenholtz, Sheldon M. (2001). Oculomotor systems and perception. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80459-2.
  4. ^ a b Mather, George (2006). Foundations of perception (1. publ ed.). Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-86377-835-3.
  5. ^ Previc, Fred H.; Ercoline, William R. (2004). Spatial disorientation in aviation. Progress in astronautics and aeronautics. Reston, Va: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ISBN 978-1-56347-654-9.
  6. ^ Bles, Willem; Bos, Jelte E; de Graaf, Bernd; Groen, Eric; Wertheim, Alexander H (1998). "Motion sickness: only one provocative conflict?". Brain Research Bulletin. 47 (5): 481–487. doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00115-4. ISSN 0361-9230.
  7. ^ Bles, Willem (1998). "Coriolis effects and motion sickness modelling". Brain Research Bulletin. 47 (5): 543–549. doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00089-6. ISSN 0361-9230.
  8. ^ Dichgans, Johannes; Brandt, Thomas (1978), "Visual-Vestibular Interaction: Effects on Self-Motion Perception and Postural Control", Perception, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 755–804, ISBN 978-3-642-46356-3, retrieved 2024-04-10
  9. ^ Holly, J.E.; McCollum, G. (1996). "The shape of self-motion perception—II. Framework and principles for simple and complex motion". Neuroscience. 70 (2): 487–513. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00355-x. ISSN 0306-4522.
  10. ^ Persson, Anders (1998). <1373:hdwutc>2.0.co;2 "How Do We Understand the Coriolis Force?". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 79 (7): 1373–1385. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<1373:hdwutc>2.0.co;2. ISSN 0003-0007.
  11. ^ "Non-Inertial Systems and Fictitious Forces", An Introduction to Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, pp. 341–372, retrieved 2024-04-08
  12. ^ Bornschein, H.; Schubert, G. (1954). "Objektivierung und Analyse des vestibulären Coriolis-Effekt [Objectification and analysis of the vestibular Coriolis effect]". Z Biol. 107 (2): 95–107.
  13. ^ a b FERNANDEZ, C.; LINDSAY, J. R. (1964-10-01). "The Vestibular Coriolis Reaction". Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 80 (4): 469–472. doi:10.1001/archotol.1964.00750040481017. ISSN 0886-4470.
  14. ^ "Illusions in Flight". www.cfinotebook.net. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  15. ^ a b Davis, Jeffrey R., ed. (2008). Fundamentals of aerospace medicine (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-7466-6. OCLC 191751559.
  16. ^ Sanderson, Jeffrey; Oman, Charles M.; Harris, Laurence R. (2008-07-03). "Measurement of oscillopsia induced by vestibular Coriolis stimulation". Journal of Vestibular Research. 17 (5–6): 289–299. doi:10.3233/VES-2007-175-609.
  17. ^ Nicogossian, Arnauld E., ed. (1993). Space biology and medicine. Washington, D.C. : Moscow: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ; Nauka Press. ISBN 978-1-56347-061-5.
  18. ^ Brandt, Thomas (2003). Vertigo: Its Multisensory Syndromes. Springer. p. 416. ISBN 0-387-40500-3.
  19. ^ Previc, Fred H.; Ercoline, William R., eds. (2004). Spatial disorientation in aviation. Progress in astronautics and aeronautics. Reston, Va: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. ISBN 978-1-56347-654-9. OCLC 54480909.
  20. ^ Clément, Gilles (2007). Fundamentals of space medicine. Space technology library. Dordrecht, NE: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-3246-2.
  21. ^ Demir, Abdurrahman Engin; Aydın, Erdinç (2021-07-30). "Vestibular Illusions and Alterations in Aerospace Environment" (PDF). Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. 59 (2): 139–149. doi:10.4274/tao.2021.2021-3-3. ISSN 0304-4793.
  22. ^ Previc, Fred H.; Ercoline, William R., eds. (2004). Spatial disorientation in aviation. Progress in astronautics and aeronautics. Reston, Va: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. ISBN 978-1-56347-654-9. OCLC 54480909.
  23. ^ "Your Freedom to Fly". www.aopa.org. 2024-11-03. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  24. ^ Conner, Nathan O.; Freeman, Hannah R.; Jones, J. Adam; Luczak, Tony; Carruth, Daniel; Knight, Adam C.; Chander, Harish (2022-11-01). "Virtual Reality Induced Symptoms and Effects: Concerns, Causes, Assessment & Mitigation". Virtual Worlds. 1 (2): 130–146. doi:10.3390/virtualworlds1020008. ISSN 2813-2084.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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