User:Arilang1234/Sandbox/Struggle session
Struggle sessions (批鬥大會), was a unique method used by the Mao-Era Chinese Communist Party to shape public opinion and to humiliate, to persecute and/or excecute political enemies, or so called Class enemy. According to Lin Yu-tang, 批 can be translated as (1)批駁 [pi1bo2], v.t., reject, (2)批判 [pi1pan4], v.t., judge (case), give official judgment, (3)批評 [pi1ping2], v.t. & n., criticise. 鬥 can be translated as:鬥爭 :to struggle, a struggle (for supremacy), fight.
During Mao's time, Chinese people were forced to attend many different types of struggle sessions (批鬥大會), sometimes can be up to 100,000 people. Duing 1950s when CCP began the Land Reform movement (土地改革運動), poorer peasants were incited by the government to use violence to seige land from the landlord, who were given the title as exploiting class(剥削階级), and extimated up yo 2 millions landloads were swifty exceuted after being subjected to Struggle sessions (批鬥地主大會)
During the 1960s Cultural revolution, numerous struggle sessions (批鬥大會) were conducted by the Red Guards, causing millions of deaths among the Chinese people.
Disuse post-1978
[edit]Deng Xiaoping prohibited struggle sessions and other kinds of Mao-Era violent political campaigns in his post-1978 reforms.
Additional sources
[edit]- (Chinese)文革遭批斗 陈毅因毛语录“陈毅是个好同志”过关Google translation
- (Chinese)文革批斗杨尚昆的真相Google translation
- (Chinese)清華大學造反派污辱性批鬥王光美內幕
- (Chinese)“文革”中被錯誤批鬥的人得到平反（1980年）Google translation